AIM: To establish HPLC fingerprint chromatogram of leaves of Hawthorn and to evaluate the constituents and to provide the basis for identification. METHODS: Leaves of Hawthorn come from 10 production places were analysed to gain its contents,such as Vitexin,Hyperoside,2″-O-Rhamnosylvitexin,Rutin,4-O-Rhamnosylrutin,Chlorogenic acid,Quercetin 3-O-?-glucoside,4-O-Glucosylvitexiu,and internal reference selected Chlorogenic acid. RESULTS: The different leaves of Hawthorn showed different HPLC chromatogram. CONCLUSION: HPLC chromatogram can be used to distinguish the leaves of different species of Hawthorn and the content of the main characteristic components are various as production places vary.

Maidong"(Radix Ophiopogonis), is a traditional Chinese drug. Chinese Pharmacopoeia (1990) recorded that the botanical origin of "Maidong" is Ophlopogon iaponicus(L.f.) kerGawl. (Liliaceae). A recent survey of drug resources in Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan,Yunnan, Guizhou, jiangsu, Anhui and Fujian Provinces showed that Plants under the general name "Maidong" involve 26 species and varieties from Gen. Ophiopogon to Gen. Liriope.Among these, 16 species and varieties are used as "Maidong"in commerce, the most popular being O.japonicus, L.spicata var. Prolifera and L.muscari. The steroid saponins and homeisoflavonoids contained in the tuberous roots of 16 species and varieties mentioned above awere compared on the basis of HPTLC with 45 steroid saponins and 5 homeisoflavonoids as uthentic samples. The results showed that the plants belonging to Gen. Ophiopogon contain either steroid saponins composed of ruscogenin or diosgenin, or homeisoflavonoids; the plants belonging to Gen. Liriope contain only steroid saponins composed of 25(S)-ruscog-enin or yamogenin. It is easy to identify the varied species and varieties on TLC. The polysaccharide in the tuberous roots of the 16 species and vartieis was determined by visible spectrophotometry. Results indicated that the polysaccharide content in varied species is very different, and is also dependent on locations, cultivated years and the grade of crude drug.

AIM: To establish a RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of the dl-tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin in Yuanhu Zhitong Prescription (Rhizoma Corydalis, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae). METHODS: dl- tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin were extracted with ether and determined by HPLC using a BDS C 18 column(5?m,4.6?250mm),phosphate buffer(pH6.6)-methanol(39∶61) as a mobile phase. The mobile rate was at 1mL?min -1 and detection wavelength was at 280nm. RESULTS: The relationship between the concentration and the peak area of dl-tetrahydropamaltine and imperatorin were good linear relation, respectively. Either of correlation coefficient approached 0.999. CONCLUSION: This method can be used to determine the concentration of dl-tetrahydropalmatine and imperatorin in the preparation of Yuanhu Zhitong Prescription.

AIM:To study the ingredients of sediments from Xiexin Decoction(XXD)(Radix et Rhizoma Rhei; Radix scutellariae and Rhizoma coptidis) with the method of LC/MS2. METHODS:A C 18 column was used,with acetonitrile-acetate buffer as mobile phase,and the online detection wavelength was 270 nm. RESULTS:The ingredients of sediments from XXD were nearly the same as its supernatant fluid,There were the similarities between the solubilities of sediments from XXD in artificial gastric juice and in artificial intestinal fluid. CONCLUSION:In clinical trials we should pay much attention to this fact that sediments from XXD and its supernatant fluid have similarly importance.

Objective To explore the clinical value of ultrasound guided biopsy in the diagnosis of thyroid micro carcinoma . Methods 150 patients who were suspected to have thyroid nodules on thyroid ultrasound examination in recent years were enrolled for the study .They all went first for ultrasound guided biopsy and then for surgical resected pathological examination .Results 51 cases with confirmed cancer on ultrasound guided biopsy underwent surgical resected pathological examination ,3 cases were missed diagnosis .Surgical findings revealed carcinoma with diameter greater than 1 cm in 24 cases ,follicular carcinoma and medullary car-cinoma in 2 cases .Carcinoma with diameter less than 1 cm were revealed in 30 cases of papillary carcinoma .There were 2 male and 28 female patients ,aged range from 15-40 years having mean age of (27 .5 ± 1 .3) years .The accuracy of ultrasound guided biop-sy reached up to 90 .0% .Conclusion Ultrasound guided biopsy has high accuracy in diagnosing thyroid micro carcinoma preoperatively .

OBJECTIVE:To provide theoretical analysis reference for the entry of Chinese antimalaria artemisia annua compound preparation into Vietnam market.METHODS:By literature review,data summary and comprehensive analysis,we introduced the general situation of Vietnam artemisia annua market and analyzed the necessity,the problems and restriction factors encountered for the entry of Chinese antimalaria artemisia annua compound preparation into Vietnam market.RESUL-TS & CONCLUSIONS:To successfully enter the Vietnam market,Chinese manufactures of antimalaria artemisia annua compound preparation should select proper management model,establish good drug brand,guide marketing,strengthen communication with doctors and patients and develop international cooperation etc.

The scavenging activities of Ophiopogon japonicus for superoxide anion (O_2~(·-)) radicals by HPLC-DAD coupled with chemiluminescence(CL) was studied and the active constituents in it were screened.The aqueous extracts of Ophiopogon japonicus were divided into the ethyl ether fraction and the n-butanol fraction.Their activities were investigated respectively and the reduction of CL with the pyrogallic acid 3-amino-phthalhydrazid (luminol) Na_2CO_3/NaHCO_3 buffer (pH 11.0) system worked as an activity index of the antioxidant constituents.Major active components in Ophiopogon japonicus could be identified by HPLC-DAD-MS/MS and the reference substances.The antioxidant activities of different ingredients were evaluated by standard potency equations using quercetin as positive control.The experimental data indicated that the scavenging activities of Ophiopogon japonicus for superoxide anion (O_2~(·-)) radicals are mainly from homoisoflavone in the ethyl ether fraction.It has shown that the method for on-line detection is an advantageous tool to rapidly determinate antioxidants from complex herbs.

AIM: To study the scavenging activities of Xiaoaiping Injection (Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb) wight et Arn) for H2O2 and O2?- radicals by HPLC coupled with chemiluminescence and to trace the active constituents on line. METHODS: Solution of Xiaoaipin Injection was passed through HPLC to enter into the mixing tees (contained the luminol hydrogen peroxide solution and luminol pyrogallol solution,respectively),and recorded chemiluminescence signals were recorded,and their chemical structures were identified in combination with LCMS/MS. RESULTS: Three phenolic acids were identified,3-Caffeoylquinic acid,5-Caffeoylquinic acid,4-Caffeoylquinic acid,having scavenging activities for free radicals. CONCLUSION: Phenolic acids in Xiaoaiping Injection make a significant contribution to its scavenging activities for H2O2 and O2?-. It is shown that the method for on-line detection is an advantageous tool to rapidly determine antioxidants from traditional Chinese medicine.

Oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis plays a vital role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders;while at present its regulation pathways mainly include the NF-κB pathway;p53 pathway;MAPK path-way;PI3 K/Akt pathway;Nrf2 pathway;as well as other signaling pathways.Research findings suggest that the active components in Chinese materia medica exert significant biological activities in the treatment of oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis.In the present paper;we review the recent research advances on the relative mechanisms of active components in Chinese materia medica against oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis;so as to provide some references or clues for the clarification of possible mechanisms of active components in Chinese materia medica and the treatment of related neurodegenerative diseases.

Diosgenin,an important steroid sapogenin,is one of major precursors of synthetic steroids.It is rich in natural resources and has various significant activities such as anti-tumor,anti-inflammation,and cardiovascular-protection and so on.Recently,it causes increasing attention of scholars all over the world due to its valuable application in medicine.In this paper,the latest international research advances of diosgenin in its pharmacologic activities and mechanism were reviewed.