In X-ray irradiation, dose distribution depends on multiple parameters, one of them being tissue inhomogeneity to change the dose significantly. Cpnsoderable dose attenuation through the mid-cranial fossa is expected because of various bony structures in it. Dose distribution around the mid-cranial fossa, following irradiation with 6 MV photon beam, was measured with LiF TLD micro-rod, and compared with the expected dose in the same sites. In our calculation with Cf(correction factor), the expected dose attenuation revealed about 3.74% per 1cm thickness of bone tissue. And the differences between the expected dose with correction for bone tissue and the measured dose by TLD was small, agreeing within an average variation of+/-0.21%.
Bone and Bones

Bone histomorphometric measurements are required to understand the efficacy of treatment on bone remodelling. Previous studies used the Weibel technique as a quantitative stereological method to determine bone cellular and dynamic changes. However, there was no description on how this technique was applied. This studyaimed to provide a full picture about the utilization of the Weibel technique to measure static and dynamic bone histomorphometric indices. Technical expertise, processing of bone samples, randomization of the trabecular sections and an adequate number of analysed images for each section are required to achieve reliable results with a low possibility of errors.
Bone and Bones

The prospective clinical study was carried out on 9 patients (male: 8; female: 1), between the ages of 17 - 50, with the femoral and shinbone defects due to the osteomyelitis or after operative removal of osteoblastoma. 7 patients had a skeletal defect due to traumatic osteomyelitis, 1 patient had a skeletal defect due to osteomyelitis via blood and 1 patient had a skeletal defect after removal of giant cell tumor. The results have shown that situation of nutrition in transplantation area: good (1), bad (8), situation of infection in the transplantation area: asepsis (1), sepsis in the stable period (1) and unstable sepsis (7). Skin - bone complex defect (4), operation results: good (8), medium (1).
Bone Transplantation ; abnormalities ; bone and bones

Assessment the efficacy of cranioplasty with frozen self-cranial bone on 47 patients at the Department of neurosurgery, Saint Paul hospital between May 2002 and March 2005. The patients consisted of 37 males and 10 females, the mean age was 28 (16 to 63 years old). In all patients, cranioplasty had been performed to repair bone defects secondary to severe brain injury. 38/47 patients (80.85%) had fronto-temporal defect while 27 patients had very large defect (> 80 cm2). Results: the operation successful rate was 90.24% (37/41 patients) and no complications. 4 cases need secondary cranioplasty while 2 patients were done with carbon composite.
Bone and Bones ; Skull

No abstract available.
Bone and Bones* ; Dental Implants*

No abstract available.
Bone and Bones* ; Dental Implants*

A method was proposed to simultaneously identify and assay 16 aminoacids: aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, histidine, threonine, alanine, arginine, tyrosine, cystine, valine, methionine, phenyl alanine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, lysine proline. The aminoacids are in some animal bon extract products (they are traditional medicines, were produced from tiger-bone, monkey-bone and antlers of deers) after hydrolyzing by solution of hydrochloric acid 6N at temperature 130oC for 24 hours by Aminoquant HP 1090 instrument with solvent gradient program.
Animals ; Bone and Bones

125 cases of JRA was diagnosed and treated in Children's Hospital I (HCM city) during Jan 1996 - Apr 1998, among them 123 were diagnosed radiographically at admission, their 18,7% had bone damages. Permanent damage of cartilage and subchondral structure or deformity of bone due to chronic synovitis were reported. The role of proinflammatory cytokin such as IL-1, TNF alpha. IL-6 and IL-8 in pathogenesis of RA and JRA has been established. Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatismal medications improved the outcomes. Radiography of bonejoint is helpful for diagnosis.
Bone and Bones ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid

Study was conducted over 102 workers working directly at 3 workshops of agriculture machine by questionnaire and by measuring parameters at working environment to assess the impacts of working positions and working conditions to ache of musco-skeletal of workers. Results: the temperature exceed the allowed limits from 2.8 to 5.3 0C, wind speed at one site not to meet the standard, the noise exceed the allowed limits from 1 to 11dBA. 49.5% of workers said that the illumination power at workshops was insufficiency. Dust levels exceed the allowed limits twofold. The number of accident at work and the cases of occupational disease are significantly increasing every year. The results suggested that it must improve work condition as well as health care for worker of the agriculture machine manufactures.
Muscular Diseases ; Bone and Bones

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of design of bone scaffolds with different single cell structures. METHODS: The related literature on the study of bone scaffolds with different single cell structures at home and abroad in recent years was extensively reviewed, and the research progress was summarized. RESULTS: The single cell structure of bone scaffold can be divided into regular cell structure, irregular cell structure, cell structure designed based on topology optimization theory, and cell structure designed based on triply periodic minimal surface. Different single cell structures have different structural morphology and geometric characteristics, and the selection of single cell structure directly determines the mechanical properties and biological properties of bone scaffold. It is very important to choose a reasonable cell structure for bone scaffold to replace the original bone tissue. CONCLUSION Bone scaffolds have been widely studied, but there are many kinds of bone scaffolds at present, and the optimization of single cell structure should be considered comprehensively, which is helpful to develop bone scaffolds with excellent performance and provide effective support for bone tissue.
Bone and Bones ; Tissue Scaffolds