No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic*

No abstract available.
Accidents, Occupational*

Introduction: Globally, the number of people who die from road crashes continues to rise, reaching a high of 1.35 million in 2016. Due to this continued increase in fatalities and injuries within the road transport system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, 2011 to 2020 was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety. Objectives: This study looked into the epidemiology of road crashes and injuries in Metro Manila over ten years, from 2008-2017, from data gathered at the Department of Surgery of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH). Method: A retrospective review of patients’ clinical records was conducted to describe the epidemiology of road crash cases in the Trauma Division, Department of Surgery of the PGH. Clinical records of the road crash patients admitted to the division over the ten years, January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were extracted from the Integrated Surgical Information System (ISIS). Results: A total of 422 patients were admitted to the PGH Department of Surgery and recorded in the ISIS database, from 2008 to 2017, who suffered from road crashes in Metro Manila. Most of these patients (80.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 32.4 years. The highest number of admissions (27.5%) and road crash deaths (6.9%) were in 2016; the highest number was from the city of Manila (26.7%), and most happened at nighttime (61.8%) between 6:00 PM and 5:59 AM. Throughout the years, motorcycle (52.8%) was the vehicle type involved. Among patients with helmet use information, 65.4% were not wearing helmets, 91.2% had a history of alcohol intake. The majority incurred multiple injuries (82.7%), with the external region (53.8%) as the most common. Patients who sustained injuries to their head and neck region were five times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome than those who did not have these injuries. Patients who had a GCS of 8 and below or those who had severe brain injuries were eight times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome. Conclusion This study looked into the epidemiology of road crash cases admitted to the Surgery Department of the PGH. Road crash injuries and deaths remain a growing concern among the citizens of Metro Manila. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide policymakers with an objective and data-driven perspective on road crashes.
Accidents ; Patients

No abstract available.
Accidents, Traffic* ; Aggression*

Pilot's complacency and confidence have been implicated as a contributing factors in numerous aviation accidents and incidents. It is related to ones belief that one is capable of performing in a certain manner to attain certain goals which is called 'Self-Efficacy' as a psychological concept. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate pilot's self-efficacy scale. This study examined the necessity of pilot efficacy in terms of pilot's confidence and complacency, and considered what is components and processes of pilot self-efficacy through the reference to literature. This Study newly defined 'pilot-efficacy' as vocational self-efficacy in flight operation field. Based on literature review and advisory group's review, there made 3 factors of Pilot-Efficacy:Flight-Efficacy, Relational/Communication Efficacy, and physical and psychological Stress-Coping Efficacy. Preliminary pilot-efficacy scale was administered to pilot group analysis Item analysis was conducted to select appropriate items and common factor analysis was done to identify the subcomponents of pilot efficacy scale. In result, 35 items were selected. The measurement of pilot efficacy for individual makes it possible to predict pilots' behavior when they make decision both normal and non-normal situation. This scale is expected to be not only predictable but also useful to enhance aviation safety. Finally, suggestion for following studies were discussed.
Accidents, Aviation ; Aviation

Traffic accident leaves various traces on vehicle, road or pedestrians and these can be viewed as the failure mechanism of relatively moving obstacles. This paper introduces tribology and fractography, which are the parts of failure mechanics, as a means of theoretical analysis and approaching methods on the traffic accident. Actual specific traces are introduced as illustrations of tribology and fractogrphy. A verified traffic accident is also introduced as a case report.
Accidents, Traffic ; Mechanics

BACKGROUND: In order to obtain a deeper understanding of an incident, it needs to be investigated to “peel back the layers” and examine both immediate and underlying failures that contributed to the event itself. One of the key elements of an effective accident investigation is recording the scene for future reference. In recent years, however, there have been major advances in survey technology, which have provided the ability to capture scenes in three dimension to an unprecedented level of detail, using laser scanners. METHODS: A case study involving a fatal incident was surveyed using three-dimensional laser scanning, and subsequently recreated through virtual and physical models. The created models were then utilized in both accident investigation and legal process, to explore the technologies used in this setting. RESULTS: Benefits include explanation of the event and environment, incident reconstruction, preservation of evidence, reducing the need for site visits, and testing of theories. Drawbacks include limited technology within courtrooms, confusion caused by models, cost, and personal interpretation and acceptance in the data. CONCLUSION: Laser scanning surveys can be of considerable use in jury trials, for example, in case the location supports the use of a high-definition survey, or an object has to be altered after the accident and it has a specific influence on the case and needs to be recorded. However, consideration has to be made in its application and to ensure a fair trial, with emphasis being placed on the facts of the case and personal interpretation controlled.
Accidents, Occupational* ; Humans

A survey was performed at the Hospital No 108 on 1200 cases of accident emergency. Result showed a higher rate of occurrence in male than in female subjects with a ratio of 1/3.The highest incident was traffic accidents,which accounted for 65%, followed by occupational, then quotidien life accidents. Motorbike had caused 70,89% of cases of traffic accidents. In all occupational accidents, the construction works had caused 71,86%. In quotidien life criminal events had caused 39,78% of cases. Traffic accidents caused primarily traumata at lower limbs-37,30%, at skull-brain area-27,18%. In occupational works, abdomen- thoracic traumata had occurred principally -52,39%. Total mortality accounted for 0,58%.
Emergencies ; Accidents ; Surgery ; Therapeutics

Survey and deep interviews were carried out on 600 people in 3 communes: An Hung (Hai Phong city), Ho Xa (Quang Tri province), and My Hoa (Dong Thap province) about the risk of childhood injuries and accidents. In general, awareness of people about the causes and situations of childhood injuries and accidents were: traffic accidents (90.5%) with highest rate in An Hung commune (98.5%), drowning (61.3%) with highest rate in An Hung commune (86.5%), burn (60.3%) that commonly occurred at home (56.8%), slip and fall (59.3%), climb and fall (76.7%), accidents by sharp objects (61.2%) commonly occurred at home.
Wounds and Injuries ; Accidents ; Child

We report a forensic pathology study of 20 cases of road traffic accidents associated with high blood alcohol concentration seen at Central Forensic Medicine Center in 1991. In this period, among 224 traffic accidents blood alcohol concentration examination was carried out only on 32 cases, Age, sex, blood alcohol concentration and organ injuries were presented and discussed.
Accidents, Traffic ; Pathology