80) via portal vein.After reperfusion 1 h,1 d,3d and 7 d respectively,the concentration of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were tested,and the apoptosis of hepatocarcinoma also was observed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling(TUNEL) method.Results The results indicated that the SOD concentration in both hepatocarcinoma tissue and normal hepatic tissues decreased following I/R and perfusion with hyperoxic fluid liquid.The concentration of CAT increased following I/R in normal hepatic tissues.In hepatocarcinoma tissue,concentration of CAT decreased after reperfusion for 1 d and reached its lowest point.After perfusion with hyperoxic fluid,the concentration of SOD in both hepatocarcinoma tissue and normal hepatic tissues decreased more quickly following I/R and the low level was still found on 7 d after reperfusion.The concentration of CAT in tissues of both groups decreased and reached the lowest level at 1 h after reperfusion,but it was restored at 3 d reperfusion in normal hepatic tissues,and in hepatocarcinoma tissue was still at lower level until 7 d after reperfusion. After I/R,the apoptotic cells increased in normal hepatic and hepatic cancer tissues,and were most marked in tissues of hepatic carcinoma at 1 d and 3 d after perfusion with hyperoxic fluid.After I/R and perfusing with hyperoxic fluid,the changes of SOD and CAT and apoptosis in hepatocarcinoma tissue were more obvious than that in normal hepatic tissues(P

ObjectiveTo compare the injury to hepatocarcinoma and normal liver tissues following ischemia and reperfusion. MethodsThe hepatocarcinoma(HC) models were established by injectin of VX2 tumor (tissue) suspension fluid into the left-middle lobe of liver of rabbits. After the models were established, the models left hepatic vessels were occluded for 60 minus, then followed by various intervals of reperfusion, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured, and apoptotic (changes) in the hepatocarcinoma and normal hepatic tissues were observed by means of HE staining and TUNEL method. ResultsThe concentration of SOD decreased significantly in hepatocarcinoma tissue and reached the lowest point at 1h after ischemia and reperfusion (64.594.97NU/mgprot), then gradually rebounded, but, at 7d after reperfusion, it still retained at a lower level(121.126.88NU/mgprot) than that before reperfusion. In contrast with normal liver tissues,the concentration of MDA decreased in the hepatocarcinoma tissues following ischemia and reperfusion, the changs of MDA were similar to SOD. The apoptotic cells in hepatocarcinoma tissues increased to the highest point at 1 day following reperfusion, but 7d after reperfusion, the number of positive cells were more than before reperfusion, and the apoptotic rate was higher in (hepatocarcinoma) tissues compared with the normal liver tissues. ConclusionsIn comparison with normal liver tissue, hepatocarcinoma tissue is more suscepible to the injury of ischemia and reperfusion.

Objective　To study distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers in the cremaster arteries of the rat.Methods　The distribution of the calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers in the cremaster arteries had been studied by means of ABC technique.Results　The calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive fibers were observed on all branches of cremaster arteries.The immunoreative fibers in first and second branches of the arteries exhibited the denser grains and denser mass,but in third branches,the network of the fibers was obvious.The density of the immunoreactive fibers reduced following the bifurcations of the arteries.The network of the fibers also could be found in the capillary.Conclusion　The results demonstrated that the distribution of calcitonin gene-related peptide immunoreactive fibers might be related to the physiological regulation and microcirculation of the cremaster arteries.It formed the morphological basis for experimental model of researching nerve regulation in the microcirculation.

Teaching mode of modem distance medical education mainly includes teacher-centered teaching mode and the student-centered teaching model,while the latter derivatives autonomous planning learning,collaborative learning and case learning,etc.Student-centered teaching mode embodies the teaching characteristics and advantages of modem distance medical education.In view of the diversity of teaching objects,we should give full play to the advantages of various teaching models and ieasonably apply these teaching modes.To strengthen the construction of practical training courses,improve all kinds of teaching resources and the safeguard,train a contingent of qualified teachers is the important factor to improve teaching quality.

Nissl stain and immunocytochemical methods were used to observe the structure of the subnuclei of interpeduncular nucleus in human neonatal brain and their localization of substance P-, leu enkephalin-, and serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactive elements. It was detected that the human neonatal interpeduncular nucleus could be divided into five subnuclei, including: the dorsal, dorsolateral, lateral, central, and intermediate subnuclei. The immunocytochemical results showed that the substance P-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were distributed chiefly in the dorsolateral, lateral subnuclei and the ventral part of the intermediate subnucleus; the enkephalin-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were concentrated in the central subnucleus; and meanwhile the serotonin-containing cell bodies and fibers or terminals were found mainly in the dorsal subnucleus.

Using immunohistochemical technique, the distribution and development of substance P (SP)-, L-enkephalin (L-Enk)- and serotonin (5-HT)-like immunoreactivity in Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus (GDTN) of human foetus (fetal age 11.5 to 35 weeks)and neonate (two days) were demonstrated. Gudden's dorsal tegmental nucleus in the human might be divided into pars centralis and pars peripheralis; and the time of initial appearance for SP-, L-Enk- and 5-HT-like immunoreactivity in GDTN was different. SP-like immunoreactive fibers and terminals appeared first and were distributed mainly in the pars centralis and their density was very high. L-Enk-like imunoreactive cells, fibers and terminals were distributed in the pars peripheralis. 5-HT-like immunoreactive cells, fibers and terminals were distributed in the medial part of the GDTN; As the foetus developed further, SP-, L-Enk- and 5-HT-like immunoreactivity in the GDTN showed their own special ontogenetic changes respectively

A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.

A 61-year-old male patient was simultaneously diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The lung adenocarcinoma and IMT harbored two distinct types of ALK translocation, LOC101927285-ALK, and TPM3-ALK, respectively. The ALK Ventana showed strong positivity on both lesions. The patient was therefore given an endobronchial cryotherapy and ALK inhibitor crizotinib. The tumors showed durable response however the left lung adenocarcinoma relapsed at 17th month post-crizotinib treatment. Tissue re-biopsy on the resistant tumor revealed an ALK exon 23 C1156Y missense mutation in addition to LOC101927285-ALK mutation. Further RNA-based sequence uncovered that the noncoding region rearrangement is the fusion mutation of EML4-ALK. The patient was therefore received alectinib, and the tumor exhibited partly response. Overall, it is very rare that two types of pulmonary tumors exist in one patient driven by two distinct ALK fusions, which emphasizes the necessity of gene sequencing in clinical decision-making and individualized therapy.

In recent years, the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a huge impact on the global medical, political and economic fields. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 epidemic, our understanding of the impact of COVID-19 has grown exponentially. Recently, the COVID-19 epidemic has changed rapidly in China, and there has been controversy over how to carry out surgical operations for patients with lung neoplastic lesions. Some studies have shown that lung cancer patients undergoing surgery are more likely to experience respiratory failure and perioperative death after contracting COVID-19 than the general population, however, delays in cancer treatment are also associated with increased mortality among these patients. In particular, the novel coronavirus Omikron variant has a higher transmissibility and may escape the immunity obtained through the previous novel coronavirus infection and vaccination. In order to minimize the risk of novel coronavirus infection in surgical patients, it is necessary to develop new treatment guidelines, expert consensus and preventive measures. However, the current rapid change of the epidemic situation has led to insufficient time and evidence to develop guidelines and consensus. Therefore, thoracic surgeons need to evaluate specific patient populations at higher risk of severe complications before surgery and weigh the benefit of surgical treatment against the risk of novel coronavirus infection. We try to give some recommendations on lung surgery during the current domestic epidemic situation based on the guidelines and consensus of oncology and thoracic surgery organizations in different regions on lung surgery.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/complications* ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Lung