Objectives:To study the clinical significance of prealbumin and retinol binding protein in parenteral nutrition assessment. Methods:Serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein,transferrin and albumin were determined respectively before and a week after total parenteral nutrition(TPN) support in 40 cases with gastrointestinal diseases. Results:A week after TPN,plasma prealbumin and retinol binding protein concentrations increased significantly( P

53 cases who underwent major and moderate abdominal surgery were administered total paraenteral nutrition(TPN) by double energy resources and "all in one" irffusion way since December 1998. Non-protein energy was 105～150KJ/kg·d. Nitrogen was 0.16 ～0.35g/kg·d, Fat was 30%～40% of total energy. Serum protein of the cases were approximately or exceeded preoperative level. Body weight remained stable or increased (0.5～3kg). Positive nitrogen equilibrium was achieved 5～7d postoperatively. TPN improved the patients nutritional status, facilitated postoperative recovery and reduced the occurence of complications. We have the experience: (1) Appropriate nutrition support helps the critical patients of abdominal surgery tide over the long critical course and enhance curative rate. (2) It is necessary for the patients of obvious malnutrition and poor tolerance for operation to receive nutritional support for 5～7d. Postoperative TPN support should not be less than 1 week. (3)Infusion of nutritional ingredients should follow the principle of "metabolic support". (4)TPN can improve not only nutritional condition and immunity,but anticaneerous function of patients with gastrointestinal tract tumor combined with chemotherapy. (5)TPN support can reduce intestinal fluid leakage, facilitae fistua healing and prevent infection for patients with intestinal fistula. (6)TPN support can supply appropriately body needed nutrition and reduce exocrine secretion of pancreas for patients with severe pancreatitis.

Objective To evaluate laparoscopic hepatectomy for the treatment of primary liver cancer. Methods Nine patients with primary liver cancers at segment Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅴ, Ⅵ and at the edge of the liver underwent laparoscopic partial hepatectomy with hand-assist devices, harmonic scalpel, and Endo-GIA. Results All operations were successful including resection of tumors involving both Ⅱ and Ⅲ segments, and irregular segmentectomy, and 2 cases with additional laparoscopic splenectomy. Surgery lasted for 80～145 min. Intraoperative bleeding was 150～700 ml, with no postoperative complications. Patients were followed-up for 5～25 months with intrahepatic tumor recurrence on 3rd, 4th and 13rd month in one each respectively. Conclusion Hand-assisted laparoscopic partial hepatectomy is a safe and feasible approach for primary liver cancer in clinically selected patients.

Objective To explore the value of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (PRFA) with or without transcatheter hepatic artery and portal vein chemoembolization in the treatment of primary and recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods Ultrasound-guided percutaneous radiofrequency ablation was adopted in the treatment of 11 cases of primary small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤5 cm) and 13 cases of recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma (≤3 cm) from September 2001 to September 2004. Among them, a combined use of transcatheter hepatic artery and portal vein chemoembolization was conducted in 4 cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and 8 cases of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma. Results Out of the 11 cases of primary small hepatocellular carcinoma, CT or MRI results showed a complete coagulation necrosis of lesion in all 6 cases in which tumors were not more than 3 cm in diameter and in 4 out of 5 cases in which tumors were between 3 cm and 5 cm in diameter, the 1-, 1.5- and 2-year cumulative survival rates being 100%, 85 71% and 68 57%, respectively. Out of the 13 cases of recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma, CT or MRI results showed a complete coagulation necrosis in all 7 lesions in cases of solitary tumor and in 12 out of 15 lesions in 6 cases of multiple tumors, the 1-, 1.5- and 2-year cumulative survival rates being 88.89%, 77 78% and 64 81%, respectively. Conclusions Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation provides a new alternative for the treatment of primary and recurrent small hepatocellular carcinoma. For patients with tumor more than 3 cm in diameter or with recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma, a combined use of transcatheter hepatic artery and portal vein chemoembolization conduces to a high tumor necrosis rate, a decrease of recurrence and an elevation of survival rate.

Objective To discuss the value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) thermal ablation for hepatic carcinoma. Methods A total of 49 patients with 66 lesions of hepatic carcinoma underwent ultrasound-guided multipolar radiofrequency ablation. Ultrasound examinations were carried out on tumor sizes, echo signals, vascular flows and frequency spectrums before and after the treatment. Moreover, AFP or CEA levels before and after the procedure were observed. And the CT scanning results were regarded as the control. Results Ultrasound examinations 1 month after the ablation found that “claw-like” heterogeneous hyperechoic changes covered the whole tumors without vascular flows inside in 42 patients with 59 lesions (89 4%). Afterwards, the tumors gradually reduced or remained unchanged in size, with a homogeneous echo texture. The serum levels of AFP or CEA markedly reduced or dropped down to normal. All of these were suggestive of an excellent curative effect. In the remaining 7 patients with 7 lesions (10 6%), intratumoral echo pattern kept unchanged, with arterial flow signals inside and unremarkable decrease of AFP or CEA levels, all of which were suggestive of an unsatisfactory outcome of the first radiofrequency treatment and a requirement of an additional radiofrequency treatment. CT examinations 1 month after the ablation revealed an enhancement of lesions in 9 patients with 9 lesions, among which the CT results were in agreement with the ultrasound outcomes in 7 patients with 7 lesions. Compared with the enhanced CT scans, ultrasonography in the detection of intratumoral vascular flows had a sensitivity of 55 6% (5/9), a specificity of 96 5% (55/57) and an accuracy of 90 9% (60/66). Conclusions Ultrasonography is an effective alternative for the evaluation of efficacy of radiofrequency thermal ablation in the treatment of hepatic carcinoma.

Objective To explore the feasibility of hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy and azygos-portal disconnection. Methods Hand-assisted laparoscopy was performed in 12 patients with hypersplenia secondary to post-hepatitic hepatocirrhosis and a history of rupture and bleeding of esophago-gastric varicose vein.An ultrasound knife was used to dissect the ligaments of the spleen.The Endo-Cutter was used to cut off the pedicle of the spleen.Then the spleen was removed in a plastic bag.All of the varicose vessels around the fundus and the lower segment of the esophagus(6~8 cm in length) were dissected and disconnected according to the criteria of open surgery.Results The operation was successfully completed in 10 patients,while conversions to open surgery were required in 2 patients because of massive hemorrhage during the operation.The operating time was 2.5~5 h(mean,3.4 h) and the hemorrhagic volume was 100~500 ml(mean,250 ml).Postoperatively,1 patient experienced an intraperitoneal hemorrhage and received open surgery for hemostasis while the remaining patients had an uneventful recovery without complications.A total of 10 patients were followed for 0.5~2 years(mean,1.5 years).Four patients died of liver failure.Six patients presented small volumes of relapsed upper gastrointestinal bleeding around 1 year after operation.Gastroscopy showed portal hypertensive gastropathy in 3 patients,gastric ulcer in 1 patient,and ruptured varicose esophageal veins in 2 patients.All the 6 patients were cured by conservative medical treatment.Conclusions Hand-assisted laparoscopic splenectomy and azygos-portal disconnection is a feasible,effective,and safe surgical procedure.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of laparoscopic splenectomy(LS).Methods Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 32 cases from June 1999 to December 2005 in this hospital.The splenic ligaments were disconnected using a harmonic scalpel and the pedicle of spleen was cut using the Endo-GIA system.After the spleen was mobilized,it was placed into an extraction bag,broken into small pieces,and removed from the extraction incision.Results The operation was successfully completed in 29 cases.The operation time was 60~270 min(mean,100 min),the amount of intraoperative blood loss was 30~1 000 ml(mean,230 ml),and the length of postoperative hospital stay,3~7 d(mean,5 d).No postoperative complications occurred.Conversions to open surgery were needed in 3 cases because of hemorrhage of the splenic pedicle,hemorrhage of the short gastric vessels,and extensive adhesion,respectively.Of the 22 cases of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP),the platelet count recovered to normal levels in 18 cases and kept unchanged in 4 cases.Of the 2 cases of hemolytic anemia,the hemoglobin levels were elevated after operation.Of the 4 cases of hypersplenism accompanying posthepatitic cirrhosis,the platelet count recovered to normal levels.Conclusions Laparoscopic splenectomy is a safe and feasible,especially for patients with hematologic diseases.

Objective To study the clinical application oflaparoscopic-assisted operation to colorectal neoplasms. Methods 28 cases of colorectal neoplasms underwent laparoscopic surgery from July 1997 to November 2000. The mean age was 65.3 years old(33～89)years.3 cases underwent right hemicolectomy.1 case of sigmoid colon adenoma was given partial colectomy. Sigmoid-rectal anterior resection was conducted in 21 cases. 3 cases underwent abdominal peritonieal resection. Results 5 cases were converted to open laparotomy.The mean operative time was 178(150～300)min for 23 cases given laparoscopic surgery with 135(30～1000)ml of average intraoperative bleeding. Neither postoperative complications nor intraoperative deaths occurred.1 case of low portion rectal cancer showed abdominal metastasis 12 months after surgery.Neither port site nor incision metastasis happened. Conclusions Laparoscopic assisted surgery has the advantages of less surgical trauma,less gastrointestinal interference and quicker recovery. Under the circumstances of radical resection and selected candidate,laparoscopic assisted surgery can be applied to colorectal neoplasms.

Objective　To investigate the experience of diagnonsis and treatment of post-orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) complications. Methods　The clinical data of diagnosis and treatment of post-OLT complications in 7 cases were analysed retropectively. Results　Complications following OLT including intracranial hemorrhage (1/7), renal failure (1/7), intrabdominal hemorrhage (2/7), pulmonary infection and/or, pleurorrhea (5/7), adult respiratory distress syndrome (1/7), billirubinemia (5/7). Five patients survived while two died. Conclusions　Proper prevention and management can effectively reduce post-OLT complications, Timely diagnosis and suitable therapy would improve the result of liver transplantation.

Objective To explore the application value of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy.Methods The clinical data of 15 patients who underwent laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique at the First People's hospital of Foshan between August 2012 and May 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.The hilar plate was bluntly dissected to expose the left and right Glissonean pedicles.Either side of Glissonean pedicle was tied up with a turnable aspirator with a cotton rope or shoelace and then bypassed the back of hilar plate.Anatomic hepatectomy was performed when hemi-hepatic blood flow was occluded.The follow-up by telephone interview and outpatient examination was done till October 2014.Results Among the 15 patients,the conversion to open surgery was done in 1 patient,Pringle maneuver in 1 patient,and hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion by descending the hilar plate in 14 patients.Thirteen patients received succesfully laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy by hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion using descending hilar plate technique,including 4 of left hemihepatectomy,4 of left lateral lobectomy,2 of right hemihepatectomy,1 of right posterior lobectomy,1 of segment Ⅳ hepatectomy and 1 of segment Ⅵ hepatectomy.Bile duct exploration was applied to 4 patients with left hepatic duct stones and T-tube was placed in 2 patients.Nine and 4 patients received left and right hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion,respectively.The operation time,mean volume of intraoperative blood loss and time of hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion in 13 patients were (196 ±63)minutes,320 mL (range,50-1 200 mL) and (51 ± 20)minutes,respectively.The time of descending the hilar plate in 14 patients was (10 ±4)minutes.Among the 13 patients,bile leakage was detected in 1 patient with a maximum volume of drainage of 120 mL/day,liver wound bleeding in 1 patient with a volume of abdominal bloodstained drainage of 400 mL at postoperative day 2.Two patients were cured by conservative treatment,and no liver failure and perioperative death were occurred.The duration of hospital stay was (6.9 ± 2.4)days.Among the 15 patients,2 patients were loss to follow-up and other patients were followed up for 5-26 months with good survival,1 patient died.Conclusion Hemi-hepatic blood flow occlusion through descending hilar plate in laparoscopic anatomic hepatectomy is safe and feasible.