BACKGROUND: With the rapid development of modern society, psychological problems in college students have been paid high attention by educatienal organizations of psychological health in China. OBJECTIVE: To probe into the influencing factors of psychological problems in college students. DESIGH: Cluster sampling 1∶2 paired observation, case-control study. SETTING: Medical College of Wuhan Polytechnic University. PARTICTPANTS: 1 200 sophomores with the age ranged 19-20 years were selected from Wuhan Polytecnic University by cluster sampling at June 2001, and 145 students with the scores of more than 3 factors greater than 3 points were screened by Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) (including 9 factors of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid and schizophrenia. The higher the grade was, the severer the symptom was) to be the psychological problem group. Subjects were selected to be the normal controls at the ratio of 1∶2 with those in the psychological problem group, whose classes, specialties and ages (the difference was less than 2 years) were similar to those of the enrolled patients. 290 students normal in the indexes of SCL-90 were taken as the matched group. Of all subjects in both experiment groups, there were 173 males and 262 females with an average age of 19.2 years. METHODS: ① The subjects in the two experiment groups were investigated of the psychological health by SCL-90 as well as the personality characteristics and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) (For Adult). The EPQ statistic software designed by the Institute for Juvenile and Children, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology was adopted to acquire the E score (introversion, extroversion), N score (nervousness), P score (psychoticism), L score (conceal) and quantity form quadrant of E-N coordinate picture, so as to define the tendencies of characters. ② The psychological problem was considered to be the dependent variable, while all relevant factors (The influencing factors of psychological problem included the understanding from parents, relationship with family members, desire for learning, personality characteristics, over-high P score, over-high/low E score, over-high/low N score) were taken as the independent variable. Single-factor Logistic regression analysis was conducted at 1:2. ③ Based on 1:2 single-factor Logistic regression analysis, the variances were selected from factors of P ＜ 0.01 together with the Logistic regression models of multifactor at 1:2 by stepwise regression method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison in the SCL-90 score between the psychological problem group and the normai control group. ② Single-factor and multivariate analysis of the relevant factors of psychological problems. RESULTS: A total of 435 enrolled students were involved in the analysis of results. ① The average score of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid and schizophrenia in students of the psychological problem group was higher than that in the normal control group (t=-13.39, 29.64, 27.09, 26.04, 19.52, 18.13, 14.15, 18.61, 22.41, P＜ 0.01). ② Nine factors were selected in the single factor analysis after the Logistic regression analysis, including 6 protective factors of understanding from parents, relationship with family members, desire for learning, personality characteristics, E ＞ 61.5, N ＜ 38.5, while he other 3 factors (P ＞ 61.5, E ＜ 38.5, N ＞ 61.5) were risk factors. The multivariate analysis showed that factors of relationship with family members, desire for learning as well as personality characteristics were protective factors, while it was a risk factor when N ＞ 61.5.CONCLUSION: The psychological problems in college students relate to the relationship with family members,understanding from the parents, desire for learning as well as the character trait and personality characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of coronary arteriography and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of 1,069 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: One thousand and sixty-nine patients with CAD were investigated by epidemiological method. The patients were divided into young patients (n=82, aged 45 years or younger) and middle-aged and old patients (n=987, older than 45 years). The characteristics of the two groups were analyzed, including clinical data, coronary arteriography and traditional Chinese medicine syndrome. RESULTS: Compared with middle-aged and old patients, proportion of male, triglyceride, total cholesterol, smoking patients, acute myocardial infarction and family history of CAD in young patients were significantly higher (P<0.05). Patients accompanying with hypertension and diabetes in middle-aged and old patients were more than those in young patients (P<0.05). Occurrence rates of morbidity of left circumflex coronary artery, left main coronary artery and multi-branch were higher in middle-aged and old patients (P<0.05), however, the occurrence rates of morbidity of single and double-branch were higher in young patients (P<0.05). The occurrence rates of syndromes of qi stagnation and phlegm turbidity in young patients were higher than those in middle-aged and old patients (P<0.05). But the proportions of cold coagulation, yin deficiency, yang deficiency and kidney deficiency in middle-aged and old patients were obviously higher (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The traditional Chinese medicine syndrome and pathological changes of CAD in young patients are different from those in old patients.

Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Humans ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and reliability on the quantitative evaluation of Colles' fracture by multislice CT (MSCT) multiplanner reconstruction (MPR).

METHODSA total of 36 patients with Colles' fracture from July 2011 to July 2014 were investigated in this study. There were 11 males and 25 females with a mean age of (42.5 ± 5.4) years old (ranged 35 to 72 years). All the patients underwent anteroposterior and lateral X-ray films and MSCT scans on wrist joints within 2 days after trauma. Images were sent to the workstation through picture archiving and conserving system (PACS). One associate chief physician independently and respectively measured the dorsal intercalation depth of distal fracture block, palmar angle and dislocation degree of wrist articular surface collapse on anteroposterior and lateral X-ray film and MSCT-MPR. The time interval between the two measurements was 2 weeks. All the data between the first and second measurement on X-ray and MPR and the mean value between the X-ray and MPR was examined with paired t-test. The pearson analyzed their correlation.

RESULTSAmong the 35 cases, 35 cases of palmar angle, 21 cases of intercalation depth and 16 cases of dislocation of wrist articular surface collapse could be measured on both X-ray and MPR. For the above parameters, the first measurement results were (12.5 ± 3.6)°, (4.5 ± 2.1) mm, (3.7 ± 1.6) mm and the second measurement results were (4.8 ± 2.2)°, (6.4 ± 3.6) mm, (2.5 ± 1.2) mm on X-ray films respectively. The first measurement results on MPR were (14.5 ± 5.3)°, (4.2 ± 1.2) mm, (5.7 ± 2.3) mm, and the results were (13.2 ± 2.6)°, (4.7 ± 2.2) mm, (4.6 ± 2.1) mm for the second measurement respectively. The three parameters between the first and second measurement on plain film had statistical difference and low correlation (r = 0.681, 0.640, 0.345, P < 0.05). The data between the first and second measurement on MPR showed that the dislocation degree of wrist articular surface collapse had statistical difference (P < 0.05) and no statistical significance was found for the other two parameters (P > 0.05), with the moderate correlation (r = 0.954, 0.854, 0.642). The three parameters had low or moderate correlation with each other on X-ray (r = 0.454, 0.532, 0.378, P < 0.05), compared with the mean value on MPR.

CONCLUSIONUsing MSCT MPR images may carry on the multiple parameter measurement of Colles fracture, to make quantitative evaluation, and repeated measurement is better reliability.

Adult ; Aged ; Colles' Fracture ; diagnostic imaging ; Feasibility Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multidetector Computed Tomography ; methods

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids (DNLA) promote the apoptosis of breast cancer and colon cancer cells, but whether they affect the malignant biological behavior of cervical cancer cells is unknown. Herein we explored the effects and possible mechanisms of DNLA on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of cervical cancer SiHa cells. SiHa cells were transfected with si-NC, siKCNQ1OT1, miR-NC, miR-487a-3p mimics, pcDNA-NC or pcDNA-KCNQ1OT1. Different doses (15, 30, 60 ng/mL) of DNLA were applied. The CCK-8 method was used to detect cell proliferation; Tran-swell was used to detect cell migration and invasion; flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis; Western blotting was used to detect the expression of MMP2, MMP9 and Cleaved-Caspase-3 genes at the protein level; RT-qPCR was used to detect the expression of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-487a-3p. The dual luciferase reporter gene experiment verified the regulatory relationship between KCNQ1OT1 and miR-487a-3p. The results showed that different doses (15, 30, 60 ng/mL) of DNLA reduced the absorbance value, migration number, invasion number, the protein level of MMP2 and MMP9, reduced the expression of KCNQ1OT1, and increased the apoptosis rate, the abundance of Cleaved-Caspase-3 and the expression of miR-487a-3p (P<0. 05). Low expression of KCNQ1OT1 or high expression of miR-487a-3p reduced the absorbance value, migration number, invasion number, and the protein level of MMP2 and MMP9, but increased the apoptosis rate and the abundance of Cleaved-Caspase-3 (P<0. 05). KCNQ1OT1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-487a-3p. The effects of high expression of KCNQ1OT1 on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of SiHa cells were opposite to that of low expression of KCNQ1OT1, and high expression of KCNQ1OT1 reduced the effects of 60 ng/mL DNLA on the proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion of SiHa cells. In summary, DNLA may reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer SiHa cells and promote SiHa cell apoptosis by regulating the KCNQ1OT1/miR-487a-3p axis.

OBJECTIVETo describe the characteristics and factors associated with long-term retention for methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) patients.

METHODSThis study was conducted in eight MMT clinics located in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Zhejiang provinces. Five hundred and thirty-nine MMT patients who enrolled in MMT clinics in 2004 and retained in treatment by June 2010 were selected as study subjects. Chi-square tests were used to compare the demographics and drug abuse history at enrollment and treatment characteristics during the follow-up period between continuous treatment patients and discontinuous treatment patients.

RESULTSOf the 539 patients, 110 (20.4%) were continuous treatment patients whereas 429 (79.6%) were discontinuous treatment patients. Of these 429 discontinuous treatment patients, 84.1% (361/429) had 2-4 treatment episodes whereas 15.9% (68/429) had 5 or more episodes during follow-up period. When continuous treatment patients were compared with discontinuous treatment patients, living with family members or friends (88.2% (97/110), 78.5% (337/429)), age of first drug use under 25 (61.8% (68/110), 71.3% (306/429)), low urine morphine positive test results (67.3% (74/110), 38.2% (164/429)) and living within 5 kilometers of the MMT clinic (72.7% (80/110), 61.3% (263/429)) were positively associated with higher possibility of continuous treat retention (P < 0.05). Demographics and drug abuse characteristics at enrollment, including gender, age, employment status, family relationship, injection, needle sharing, criminal behavior, contacts with drug users, MMT daily dosage and family members receiving MMT were not significantly associated with treatment retention (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIllicit drug use during the treatment and longer distance travelling to MMT clinic might have negative impact on patients' continuous treatment retention. Mobile MMT vehicles and expanded MMT service sites could be introduced to improve compliance of treatment retention of MMT patients.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Methadone ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Patient Compliance ; statistics & numerical data ; Substance-Related Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

A series of 6 novel 2-amino-4, 5-diarylpyrimidines were synthesized by the reaction of isoflavones with guanidine. They were identified by the spectra of IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The protective effects of 2-amino-4, 5-diarylpyrimidines against oxygen-glucose deprivation leading by sodium hydrosulfite in PC12 cells were studied by MTT method. It was shown that 2-amino-4, 5-diarylpyrimidines exhibited neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation injury in PC12 cells, which could increase the amount of survival PC12 cells and reduce their injured degree in the model.
Animals ; Cell Hypoxia ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Glucose ; deficiency ; Molecular Structure ; Neuroprotective Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; PC12 Cells ; Pyrimidines ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Rats

BACKGROUNDThere are few studies for evaluating wall characteristics of intracranial vertebral artery hypoplasia (VAH). The aim of this study was to determine wall characteristics of VAH with three-dimensional volumetric isotropic turbo spin echo acquisition (3D VISTA) images and differentiate between acquired atherosclerotic stenosis and VAH.

METHODSThirty patients with suspicious VAH by luminograms were retrospectively enrolled between January 2014 and February 2015. The patients were classified as "acquired atherosclerotic stenosis" or "VAH" based on 3D VISTA images. The wall characteristics of VAH were assessed to determine the presence of atherosclerotic lesions, and the patients were classified into two subgroups (VAH with atherosclerosis and VAH with normal wall). Wall characteristics of basilar arteries and vertebral arteries were also assessed. The clinical and wall characteristics were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSFive of 30 patients with suspicious VAH were finally diagnosed as acquired atherosclerotic stenosis by 3D VISTA images. 25 patients were finally diagnosed as VAH including 16 (64.00%) patients with atherosclerosis and 9 (36.00%) patients with normal wall. In the 16 patients with atherosclerosis, plaque was found in 9 patients, slight wall thickening in 6 patients, and thrombus and wall thickening in 1 patient. Compared with VAH patients with normal wall, VAH patients with atherosclerosis showed atherosclerotic basilar arteries and dominant vertebral arteries more frequently (P = 0.000).

CONCLUSIONSThree-dimensional VISTA images enable differentiation between the acquired atherosclerotic stenosis and VAH. VAH was also prone to atherosclerotic processes.

Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertebral Artery ; abnormalities ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of the first eight pilot methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in China.

METHODSA questionnaire survey of the clients at the 8 pilot MMT clinics was performed at entry, 6 month and 12 month follow-up. Drug using behaviors, drug related crime behaviors, and relationships in families were compared among at entry, 6 and 12 months follow-up.

RESULTSThere were 585, 609 and 468 clients involved at baseline, 6 month and 12 month follow-up surveys, respectively. At entry, 6 month and 12 month follow-up, the proportion of clients whose injection of drugs reduced from 69.1% to 8.9% and 8.8%, and the frequency of injection in the past month had reduced from 90 times per month to 2 times per month. Employment rate increased from 22.9% to 43.2% and 40.6%, and self-reported criminal behaviors reduced from 20.7% to 3.6% and 3.8%. At 12 month follow-up, 65.8% of clients reported a healthy family relationship, increased from 46.8% at entry, 95.9% of clients reported that they were satisfied with the MMT service.

CONCLUSIONPilot MMT program reduced drug use, drug injecting behaviors, drug related criminal behaviors, and improved relationship with family members. Therefore, MMT clinic should be considered as a platform for providing comprehensive services to drug users.

Adult ; Analgesics, Opioid ; administration & dosage ; China ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Methadone ; administration & dosage ; Opioid-Related Disorders ; rehabilitation ; Outcome Assessment (Health Care) ; methods ; Program Evaluation ; methods ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers ; organization & administration ; standards ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo determine the incidence and risk factors of HCV infection among heroin addicts who were receiving methadone maintenance treatment(MMT)in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

METHODSAll heroin addicts who were HCV negative at the initiation of MMT in June 2005 through March 2012, in Dehong prefecture, were included in this cohort analysis. HCV incidence was calculated and related risk factors determined by using Cox proportional hazard regression model.

RESULTSA total of 2390 MMT clinic attendants were qualified for this cohort study by March 2012. 731(30.6%) of them had never received any follow-up HCV testing so were recognized as loss to follow-up. The other 1659 (69.4%) participants had received at least one follow-up HCV testing and were observed for a total of 3509.12 person-years(py). During this period 99 new HCV infections or HCV sero-converters were identified. The overall HCV incidence was 2.82/100 py and was 3.62/100 py for 2006, 5.36/100 py for 2007, 6.71/100 py for 2008, 2.56/100 py for 2009, 1.90/100 py for 2010, and 0.44/100 py for 2011, respectively. Results from multiple regression analysis, using Cox proportional hazard model, indicated that after controlling for confounding variables, those who were unemployed, being injecting drug users(IDUs)or HIV positive at entry into the MMT program were more likely to be newly infected with HCV or HCV sero-converted during the follow-up period than those who were peasants, non-IDUs or HIV negative at entry into the MMT program(HR = 2.02, 95% CI:1.18-3.48; HR = 9.05, 95% CI:5.49-14.93; HR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.37-3.56), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence of HCV infection among MMT clinic attendants was decreasing since 2009 in Dehong prefecture. Those who were unemployed, injecting drug users and HIV positive were at higher risk of HCV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Drug Users ; Female ; Hepatitis C ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Methadone ; therapeutic use ; Risk Factors ; Substance-Related Disorders ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; virology