Objective To investigate the infection status and clinical features of common viruses in acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) among the hospitalized children 0 to 7 years old in Nantong of Jiangsu.Methods 1 376 swab samples from pharynx nasalis in the ALRI inpatients 0 to 7 years old were collected.The human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),adenovirus (ADV),influenza virusA,B (IVA,B),parainfluenza virus Ⅰ ～ Ⅲ (PIV Ⅰ ～ Ⅲ)were detected by direct immunofluorescence assay,and the results were analyzed.Results In 1 376 respiratory tract samples,there were 577 cases(41.93％) of positive samples.In all positive samples,there were 376 cases of RSVpositive (65.16％),42 ADV-positive (7.28％),63 IVA-positive (10.92％),24 IVB-positive (4.16％),20 PIV Ⅰ-positive(3.47％),19 PIV Ⅱ-positive (3.29％),108 PIV Ⅲ-positive (18.72％),68 cases with mixed infection (11.79％) [two virus-positive ones in 59 cases (86.76％),three virus-positive ones in 9 cases (13.24％)].In different age group,the highest positive rate was in 0 ～ 6-month-old group(53.32％),with the lowest in 5-7 years old group(6.90％).Virus detection rate was higher in March 2012 (58.67％),December 2012 (53.33％),and January 2013(53.63％)than the rest months,including the lowest June 2012(33.33％).Bronchiolitis virus detection rate was the highest(69.23％)among ALRI.Conclusion The virus is major pathogen of children 0 to 7 years old with ALRI in Nantong of Jiangsu,and with difference among different ages,seasons and diseases.Infants and young children are the main affected population.

Objective: To investigate the recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis patients 5 years after successful treatment in Hengyang City, Hunan Province, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods: The data of pulmonary tuberculosis patients who were successfully treated in Hengyang City in 2014 were collected through the tuberculosis management information system. The recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis was defined as the endpoint, and all patients were observed for five consecutive years. Factors affecting recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis were identified using Kaplan-Meier estimates, log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: A total of 6 626 patients with successfully treated pulmonary tuberculosis were included, including 4 961 males and 1 665 females, with a median age of 54 years. There were 536 cases with recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis within five years, with a 8.09% cumulative proportion of recurrence and annual recurrence rate of 1.75 per 100 person-years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that men ( HR=1.592, 95%CI: 1.256-2.019 ), age of 40 years and greater ( age of 40 to 59 years, HR=7.025, 95%CI: 1.739-28.377; age of 60 years and greater, HR=8.175, 95%CI: 2.024-33.023), farmers ( HR=1.379, 95%CI: 1.070-1.778 ), retreatment ( HR=6.398, 95%CI: 5.163-7.929 ) and positive etiology ( HR=1.255, 95%CI: 1.042-1.511 ) were risk factors for five-year recurrence of pulmonary tuberculosis among successfully-treated patients. Conclusions High recurrence rate is found among pulmonary tuberculosis patients within five years after successful treatment in Hengyang City. There is a high risk of pulmonary tuberculosis recurrence among male, etiologically positive, retreated farmers at ages of 40 years and older, and targeted interventions are recommended.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive population and explore its influencing factors.Methods Cluster sampling was used,continuous 205 cases who were diagnosed as HIV positive from December 16,2002 to June 30,2012 in Zhuhui district and Yanfeng district of Hunan province and could be followed up and traced were enrolled in the study.All patients were screened after informed content through questionnaire,sputum smear examination,chest X-ray examination,liquid culture (BACTECTM MGITTM 960 operating system),mycobacterium species identification (for liquid culture positive) and CD4 testing.Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify the impacts of different sex,age,and TB suspect syndromes,etc.Results Of 205 cases,19 were diagnosed as tuberculosis.The rate of TB/HIV was 9.3％.Univariate analysis showed that age,annual household net income,being acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients and with TB suspect syndromes had significant impacts on tuberculosis combining (P ＜ 0.05).While multivariate analysis showed that age (OR =1.443) and TB suspect syndromes (OR =3.124) were risk factors influencing TB combining in people living with HIV (PLHIVs).Conclusions TB prevalence in HIV positive population was higher in Zhuhui district and Yanfeng,those aged and with TB suspect syndromes cases had higher risk to develop tuberculosis.TB screening should be reinforced in HIV positive population.

Objective: To analyze the latent tuberculosis infection and preventive treatment in the school tuberculosis epidemic, so as to provide theoretical and technical support for tuberculosis prevention and control in schools. Methods: Information on latent infection, preventive treatment and tuberculosis incidence were collected from five tuberculosis outbreaks in schools in Hunan Province from January to December 2023. Statistical analysis was conducted by using Chisquare test and Fishers exact test. Results: The prevalence of tuberculosis patients in close contacts (7.69%) and the latent infection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (31.87%) were higher than those in nonclose contacts (0.12%, 6.29%), and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.01). The subsequent incidence of close contacts with latent infection was higher (8.62%) than that of nonclose contacts (0), the rate of close contacts receiving prophylactic treatment (63.30%) was higher than that of nonclose contacts (47.37%), and the proportion of close contacts receiving prophylactic treatment (68.12%) was higher than that of nonclose contacts (45.56%), and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The latent infection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in college students (13.58%) was higher than that in middle school students (7.08%) (χ2=37.77, P<0.01). The proportion of college students receiving preventive treatment (100.00%) was higher than that of middle school students (40.34%), and the subsequent incidence of latent infection (6.67%) was higher than that of middle school students (0.54%); the rate of middle school students who should receive preventive treatment (70.41%) was higher than that of college students (30.77%), and the rate of middle school students who received preventive treatment (100.00%) was higher than that of college students (62.50%), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Among the latent infected persons, 144 who completed preventive treatment did not get sick, and 10 of the 177 who did not complete preventive treatment got sick, with an incidence rate of 5.65%. The incidence rate of close contacts (19.23%) was higher than that of nonclose contacts (0) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis between university (8.18%) and middle school (1.49%) among latent infected persons who did not complete preventive treatment (P=0.09). Conclusion Actively promoting preventive treatment for latent infections, especially among close contacts, and ensuring that all eligible individuals receive treatment can reduce tuberculosis incidence in schools and help control the scale of school tuberculosis outbreaks.