Object To apply microwave technique to the extraction of free anthraquinones from Rheum emodi Wall. and the methods of microwave extraction and traditional extraction were comparied. Methods The orthogonal test design was used to arrange sequent experiments to test the effect of the three main factors including microwave power, particle size of herb and extraction time on the extraction efficiency of free anthraquinones and to establish optimal extraction process. A parallel test was carried out using the three different methods including the optimal extraction process, the traditional decocting method and the alcohol refluxing method. Results Particle size of herb and microwave power are the significant factors with P

AIM: To optimize and establish the extraction techn ology of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa. TLC was employed to determine the mainly neutral sugars in the Ulvan. METHODS: The orthogonal test was employed to test the effects of th e four factors including volume of water, temperature of extraction, time of ext raction and pH of water on the yield and total carbohydrate contents of water-s oluble polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa and optimize the extraction technol ogy. Five groups of parallel tests were carried out by the optimum parameters es tablished and the sugar constituents of products were analyzed by TLC. RESULTS: Temperature of extraction and time of extraction have sign ificant effects on the extraction yield of water-soluble polysaccharides from Ulva pertu sa, but, for total carbohydrate content, only temperature of extraction was a significant factor. The mainly neutral sugars were composed of rhamnose, xylose and glucose. CONCLUSION: The optimum extraction technology was A 1B 3C 3D 3 when the yield and total carbohydrate content were considered as preferential pa rameters.

Objective To analyze the property of natural polysaccharides(P) from Porphyra haitanensis T. J. Chang et B. F. Zheng and its degraded polysaccharides(P3),and to investigate their effects on proliferation of lymphocytes. Methods P3 and P were identified by IR spectra. Their effects on immunological function were studied by cell culture technique. Results P3 and P displayed significant effects on promoting the proliferation of T-lymphocytes,and had inhibitory effects on the proliferation of B-lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. The effects of P3 were more powerful than P. Conclusion The degraded and natural polysaccharides from Porphyra haitanensis(P3 and P) can regulate the proliferation of lymphocytes,which may be related to their molecular weights.

A c linical study is carried out by the death of acute severe disease and malignant consumptive disease.Results show that the cases of death of acute severe diseases and last salvage are far more than those of malignant consumptive diseases.Moreover,the relations bear more mental pains caused by death of acute severe diseases than by malignant consumptive diseases.

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa(eight magic turtle techniques) acupuncture and ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened byLing Gui Ba Faacupuncture at Gongsun (SP4) and Neiguan (PC6), and the control group was intervened by ordinary needling Gongsun and Neiguan. For both groups, Tianshu (ST25), Dachangshu (BL25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Fenglong (ST40), and Pishu (BL20) were added. Theclinical efficacies of the two groups were compared by evaluating the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical symptoms score and IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. The two groups were treated 3 times a week, 10 sessions as a treatment course, andwere evaluated by using the scales before and after the treatment followed by statistical analysis and determination of the therapeutic efficacy.Result The scales were significantly improved in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.01); the total effective rate was 90% (27/30) in the treatment group, higher than 80% (24/30) in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Ling Gui Ba Faacupuncture can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating IBS-D, and can obviously enhance the quality of life of thepatients, providing an advantageous treatment scheme to clinic.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of interaction acupuncture combining with routine acupuncture for intractable facial palsy.
Methods:A total of 60 eligible cases were randomly allocated into a treatment group (n=30) and a control group (n=30). Cases in the treatment group received interaction and routine acupuncture, whereas cases in the control group received routine acupuncture alone. The treatment was done once a day and 10 times made up a course of treatment. The patients were treated for a total of 3 courses and there were no intervals between two courses.
Results:The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group (including 17 recovery cases, 11 improvement cases and 2 failure cases), versus 76.7% in the control group (including 8 recovery cases, 15 improvement cases and 7 failure cases), showing a statistical difference (P<0.05).
Conclusion:Combining interaction and routine acupuncture can obtain better effect than routine acupuncture alone for intractable facial palsy.

Objective To estimate any influence of strong pulsed magnetic fields on the expression of growth-related genes in human bladder cancer BIU-87 cells. Methods Human BIU-87 cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into a magnetic field group and a control group. Each group was further divided into 24 h, 48 h and 72 h sub-groups. The magnetic field group cells were exposed to an 8 T magnetic field pulsed at 15 Hz for 2 h every day. The control group cells also placed on the same environment, but not exposed to any strong, pulsed magnetic field. The expression of B cell lymphoma/leukemia gene-2 (Bcl-2) mRNA, Bax mRNA and caspase-3 mRNA was measured with RT-PCR, and flow cytometry was used to evaluate the expression of the Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 genes of the tumor cells in vitro. Results The expression of Bax mRNA and protein was significantly higher in the cells exposed to the magnetic field than in the control groups. The expression of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein was significantly less. The expression of caspase-3 mRNA and protein in the two groups showed no significant differences.Conclusions A strong, pulsed magnetic field can inhibit the growth of bladder tumor BIU-87 cells and promote their apoptosis. The mechanism is probably related with the magnetic field promoting Bax mRNA and protein expression and inhibiting Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression.

Objective To observe the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with exercise training on fatigue and interleukin-1β (IL-1β),interleukin-9,interleukin-10,tumor necrosis factor-α and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with post-stroke fatigue (PSF).Methods A total of 90 patients with post-stroke fatigue were recruited and randomly divided into an observation group and a control group.Both groups were given routine exercise training,and the observation group was treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation in addition.Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale (FMA) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were used to assess the motor function of the limbs and fatigue of the two groups before treatment,4 and 8 weeks after treatment.At the same time,the levels of IL-1 β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP in the serum of the two groups were measured at the above time points.The correlation among the motor function,fatigue and cytokine levels was analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-1β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP between the two groups before treatment (all P＞0.05);FMA score and fatigue improvement in the observation group were significantly better than those in the control group after treatment for 4 and 8 weeks (all P＜0.05);and serum levels of IL-1β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group after treatment (all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that FMA scores of limbs were negatively correlated with serum levels of IL-1β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP (P＜0.05),and FSS scores were positively correlated with serum levels of IL-1β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP (P＜0.05).Conclusion Transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with exercise therapy can significantly improve the motor function and ameliorate fatigue of PSF patients.The therapeutic mechanism may be related to the reduction of serum levels of IL-1β,IL-9,IL-10,TNF-α and CRP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) on pulmonary injury and oxygen stress caused by smoke inhalation injury.

METHODSRats inflicted with smoke inhalation injury were employed as the model. WBC in BALF (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid), MPO (myeloperoxidase) activity, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) content, GSH (glutathione) content and total antioxidant (TAO) capacity in pulmonary tissue were determined.

RESULTSPostinjury WBC in BALF, MPO activity in pulmonary tissue and H(2)O(2) content decreased obviously after NAC treatment. But the pulmonary tissue contents of GSH and ATO increased evidently after the treatment with NAC.

CONCLUSIONNAC treatment could ameliorate pulmonary oxygen stress after smoke inhalation injury. AS a result, the pulmonary antioxidant capacity was improved.

Acetylcysteine ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Disease Models, Animal ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Glutathione ; metabolism ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; metabolism ; Leukocytes ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Peroxidase ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Smoke Inhalation Injury ; enzymology ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective To observe the effect of phrenic nerve electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training on the pulmonary function,trunk stability and balance of stroke survivors.Methods Thirty-six stroke survivors were randomly divided into a control group and a training group,each of 28.Both groups were given routine rehabilitation treatment (including physical agent therapy and combined training of the limbs),while the training group was additionally provided with phrenic nerve electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training once a day for six weeks.Before and after the treatment,the forced vital capacity (FVC),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) of both groups were recorded.The Sheikh trunk control scale (TCT) was used to quantify their trunk stability,and balance was quantified using the Berg balance function scale (BBS).Results After six weeks of treatment the average FVC,FEV1 and PEF values of the training group were significantly higher than before the treatment,and significantly better than those of the control group after the treatment.Moreover,significant improvement was observed in the average TCT and BBS scores of both groups after the intervention,with the training group's average significantly higher than that of the contrcl group.Conclusion Phrenic nerve electrical stimulation combined with respiratory training can further improve the pulmonary function and balance function of stroke survivors as a supplement to routine rehabilitation treatment.Therefore,it is worth popularizing in clinical practice.