Seventeen cases of postburn multiple organ failure (MOF) were studied prospectively.It was found that MOF mainly occurred in those patients with a burn area over 70% TBSA.Mortality rate of the cases of MOF was directly proportional to the number of organs involved.The incidence of pulmonary failure was the highest and the highest mortality was attributed to renal failure;MOF in the early stage after burns was mainly induced by burn shock and that in the late stage by burn wound infection.Endogenous infection seemed to be one of the important causes to precipitate the outbreak of postburn MOF.The morphological changes of the functionally failed organs were as follows:There were various degrees of cellular degeneration and necrosis.Or- ganelle changes such as swelling and vacuolization of mitochondria,enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum,gap formation of capillary endothelium etc were seen.Extravascular organ water volume of the functionally failed organs was increased.Stasis and/or hyperemia were found in the heart,the lungs,the liver and the GI,tract,but ischemia in the kidneys.The changes of the.enzyme spectrum of the myocardium,PaO2,RI,IB/DB,and DB were parallel to those of pathomorphology and extravascular organ water volume and they could reflect the severity of organ damages firly well.

In order to verify the effects of postburn fluid infusion on the tissue water content,extravascular water volume,residual blood water volume,and total water volume of the major organs were measured in dogs inflicted with 50% TBSA third degree burns and the dogs received no fluid infusion,immediate infusion or delayed infusion respectively.It was found that the water contents of most of the canine organs,no matter they received fluid infusion or not,were higher than those of the control.The increase was especially marked in the extravascular water volume and less marked in the residual blood water volume,which suggests that the increase of water content of most of the organs of the burned animals results mainly from tissue edema rather than congestion and/or stasis of blood.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of endovascular embolization in the treatment of traumatic carotid cavernous fistula (TCCF) and the influencing factors of outcomes.Methods:Patients with Barrow A type TCCF underwent intravascular embolization in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from January 2009 to November 2019 were enrolled. They were treated with detachable balloons or Onyx-18 combined with coils via transarterial approach, and clinical and imaging follow-up were performed after operation. Recurrence was defined as a lesion that was completely embolized immediately, but the original fistula was redeveloped during imaging follow-up. The clinical recovery was defined as the disappearance of intracranial vascular murmur, pulsatile exophthalmos, conjunctival hyperemia and edema, the movement of eyeball without disorder and the restoration of vision loss. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for affecting imaging recurrence and clinical recovery. Results:A total of 54 patients with Barrow A type TCCF were enrolled. Their age was 42.5±10.6 years (range, 28-70 years); 36 were male (66.7%). Clinical manifestations: 40 patients (74.1%) had ocular symptoms (exophthalmos, conjunctival congestion, etc.), 35 (64.8%) had intracranial vascular murmur, 36 (66.7%) had visual impairment (decreased vision, visual field defect), 32 (59.3%) had headache, 15 (28.3%) had abducens nerve palsy, and 4 (9.1%) had epistaxis. Fourty-seven patients (87.0%) had superior ophthalmic vein drainage, 19 (35.2%) had superior and inferior petrosal sinus drainage, and 9 (16.7%) had cortical vein drainage. Twenty-eight patients (51.9%) were treated with Onyx-18 combined with coils, and 26 (48.1%) were treated with detachable balloons. After operation, 47 patients (87.0%) were immediately totally embobilized, 4 of them were totally embolized with Onyx-18 and coils after the failure of balloon embolization; 7 patients (13.0%) achieved subtotal embolization. Forty-seven patients (87.0%) recovered after surgery, and the symptoms of 4 patients were better than before admission but the vision did not fully recover (among them, 3 had the symptoms of abducens nerve palsy), 2 had mild hemiplegia, and no patients died after surgery. At postoperative follow-up, 5 (9.3%) recurred, and then they achieved total embolization with Onyx-18 combined with coils. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that subtotal embolization was an independent risk factor for postoperative imaging recurrence (odds ratio 16.63, 95% confidence interval 1.74-159.33; P=0.015), and the presence of cortical venous drainage was an independent risk factor for affecting postoperative clinical recovery (odds ratio 19.08, 95% confidence interval 1.61-226.58; P=0.020). Conclusion:Both of Onyx-18 combined with coils and detachable balloons are safe and effective for the treatment of TCCF. Subtotal embolization is associated with imaging recurrence, and the presence of cortical venous drainage is an independent influencing factor of clinical recovery.

Objective:To explore the related factors for clinical prognoses of ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysms.Methods:A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 309 patients with ruptured ACoA aneurysms admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to January 2020. The preoperative data included age, gender, smoking history, hypertension, Hunt-Hess grading, Fisher grading, sizes of aneurysms, and spasm of parent artery; and the postoperative data included pneumonia, intracranial infection, cerebral hernia, recurrence and re-hemorrhage of aneurysms, and delayed cerebral ischemia. Clinical prognoses were assessed by modified Rankin scale (mRS). Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to determine the independent risk factors for clinical prognoses. Preoperative model (independent risk factors appeared before surgery) and postoperative model (independent risk factors appeared during the whole treatment process) were constructed; based on these Logistic models, the preoperative and postoperative independent risk factors were concluded. Independent risk factors presented in the preoperative and postoperative models were used as variables to analyze the predictive value of the models by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.Results:Among 309 patients, 264 (85.4%) had good prognosis and 45 (14.6%) had poor prognosis. (1) Univariate analysis showed that significant differences were noted in proportion of smoking patients, and patients with hypertension, Hunt-Hess grading IV-V, Fisher grading IV, wide-necked aneurysm, re-hemorrhage of aneurysms, cerebral vasospasm, pneumonia, intracranial infection, cerebral hernia, delayed cerebral ischemia, and postoperative lumbar cistern drainage between good prognosis group and poor prognosis group ( P<0.05). (2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Hunt-Hess grading Ⅳ-V ( OR=24.198, P=0.000, 95%CI: 4.288-136.559), Fisher grading Ⅳ ( OR=4.792, P=0.044, 95%CI: 1.040-22.079), spasm of parent artery ( OR=12.136, P=0.005, 95%CI: 2.121-69.426), pneumonia ( OR=8.177, P=0.018, 95%CI: 1.438-46.506), postoperative cerebral hernia ( OR=147.042, P=0.002, 95%CI: 6.386-3385.519) and delayed cerebral ischemia ( OR=606.720, P=0.000, 95%CI: 52.288-7040.088) were independent risk factors for prognoses; postoperative lumbar cister drainage ( OR=0.072, P=0.050, 95%CI: 0.005-1.000) was the independent protective factor. (3) ROC curve showed that the preoperative model (with Hunt-Hess grading IV-V, Fisher grading Ⅳ and cerebral vasospasm as variables) had excellent discrimination with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.870 ( 95%CI: 0.82-0.93, P=0.000), and the postoperative model (with variables of preoperative model, pneumonia, delayed cerebral ischemia, and herniation as variables) had excellent discrimination (AUC=0.980, 95%CI: 0.97-0.99, P=0.000). Conclusion:Besides decreasing Hunt-Hess grading and Fisher grading, and relieving the arterial spasm, the management of lumbar subarachnoid continuous drainage and avoidance of postoperative complications, such as cerebral hernia, delayed cerebral ischemia and pneumonia, can also play important roles in improving the prognoses of ruptured ACoA aneurysms.