Objective To understand the effect of cerium on the activity of SOD and CAT in Drosophila melanogaster.Methods Drosophila melanogasters were treated with cerium by adding cerium sulfate [Ce(SO4)2] into the culture medium at different concentrations(0,1,4,16,64,256 and 1 024 mg/L).The activity of SOD and CAT of the third-instar larvae were analyzed.Result Compared with the control,at 64-1 024 mg/L,the activity of SOD and CAT in the third-instar larvae significantly decreased and at 1-16 mg/L,the activity of SOD and CAT significantly increased Conclusion It suggested that cerium sulfate [Ce(SO4)2] has an oxidant toxicity to Drosophila melanogaster.

Objective To analyze clinical and pathological data of IgA nephrology patients with microalbuminuria and investigate risk factors of its prognosis.Methods Clinical and pathological data of IgA nephrology patients with microalbuminuria were confirmed with renal biopsy and follow-up time with ＞ 6 months of trace was reviewed retrospectively;24-hour urine protein quantification ＞ 1 g, normal serum creatinine level when renal biopsy turned into abnormal level, or doubled serum creatinine level was defined as end point of follow-up.Renal survival was calculated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and risk factors of progression were analyzed with univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.Results A total of 96 patients was followed up successfully, with an average follow-up time of (35.6 ± 22.7) months, and 34 cases (35.42％) entered the endpoint.The 12-, 24-, 36-, 48-, 60-, and 72-month renal survival rate was 97.92％, 92.71％, 86.45％ , 81.25％ , 71.88％, and 64.58％, respectively.Urine proteins, abnormal serum creatinine, Lee's Ⅲ～ V, renal interstitial fibrosis, glomerular sclerosis, and crescentic body were independent risk factors to affect prognosis of IgA nephropathy with microalbuminuria.Conclusions Early and active control of urinary microalbumin, and acute kidney injury caused by treatment of crescentic formation could slow the progress of IgA nephropathy.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological data and prognosis of microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients with decreased serum C3 level, and investigate the significance of decreased serum C3 level in microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients. Methods Clinical and pathological data of microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients confirmed by renal biopsy and followed up more than 6 months were reviewed. The patients were divided into decreased serum C3 level group (34 cases, 25.19%) and normal serum C3 level group (101 cases, 74.81%) according to the serum C3 level. Twenty-four hours urine protein quantitative > 1 g, or normal serum creatinine level turning into abnormal level at renal biopsy, or doubling of serum creatinine level was defined as the end point of follow-up. Renal survival was calculated by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and risk factors of progression were analyzed by Cox regression models. Results Total of 135 microalbuminuria IgA nephrology patients were followed up successfully, with an average follow-up time (53.4 ± 21.9) months. There were 27 cases (79.41%) and 32 cases (31.68%) in the decreased serum C3 level group and the normal serum C3 level group respectively at the endpoint. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the median survival time was significantly shorter in decreased serum C3 level group compared with that in normal C3 level group: (46.7 ± 9.1) months vs. (68.4 ± 9.9) months, P =0.014. Cox regression analysis showed that abnormal serum creatinine (RR = 1.147, 95% CI: 1.129-1.395, P = 0.008), decreased serum C3 level (RR=1.028, 95%CI:0.672-1.495, P=0.039), urine protein quantitative>1 g/24 h (RR=2.066, 95%CI:1.242-3.838, P=0.006) and renal biopsy pathological indicators Lee classⅢ-Ⅴ(RR=2.820, 95%CI:1.249-5.638, P=0.041), glomerular sclerosis or adhesions (RR=1.232, 95%CI: 1.065-1.520, P = 0.040), renal interstitial atrophy or interstitial fibrosis (RR = 2.604, 95% CI:1.748- 4.104, P = 0.037), endocapillary cell proliferation (RR = 0.872, 95% CI: 0.491- 1.275, P =0.042), crescentic (RR = 1.528, 95% CI: 1.073- 2.385, P = 0.009) affected prognosis of microalbuminuria IgA nephropathy as the independent risk factors. Conclusions The clinical and pathological features in patients of microalbuminuria IgA nephropathy with decreased serum C3 level is more severe, and the prognosis is poor. The patients should be followed up closely and early intervention treatment and early active control of microalbuminuria should be done at the same time.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the inhibitory effect of total bufadienolides from toad venom against H22 tumor in mice and preliminarily analyze the structures of the metabolites in tissues.

METHODHPLC and LC-MS were used for analysis of the chemical composition of TBFs. High, middle and low dosages of TBFs were orally administered or intra-peritoneally injected to H22 tumor-bearing mice for thirteen days. The animals were killed and the tumors were stripped and weighed. The metabolites in the tissues such as heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS.

RESULTThe chemical composition of TBFs were identified by comparison of the retention times with those of reference substances, on-line UV spectra and MS data. Its main components are concerned with gamabufotalin, arenobufagin, bufotalin, resibufagin, cinobufotalin, bufalin, cinobufagin and resibufogenin. TBFs had no obvious influence on body weight of H-22 tumor-bearing mice orally administered and the inhibition rate against tumor were 14.76%, 16.38% and 10.32% for low (5 mg x kg(-1)), middle (10 mg x kg(-1)) and high dosage (20 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. The mice intra-peritoneally injected with middle and high-dose of TBFs gained body weight slower than the control mice on the 5th day and recovered on the 13th day. The inhibition rate against tumor were 17.30%, 19.80% and 40.95% for low (1.5 mg x kg(-1)), middle (3 mg x kg(-1)) and high dose (6 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. The inhibitory effect took on dose-dependent manner. Based on the HPLC analyses on heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney, bufadienolides were found in the liver tissue and 11 compounds of them were tentatively identified by LC-DAD-MS.

CONCLUSIONTBFs by oral administration had no inhibitory effect against H22 tumor in mice, however, TBFs by intra-peritoneal injection displayed the significantly inhibitory effect, accompanying some toxicity for early duration of the study. The identification of bufadienolides in the liver provides a good basis for the further investigation of the metabolic pathways of TBFs in vivo.

Amphibian Venoms ; chemistry ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Bufanolides ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drug Administration Routes ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neoplasm Transplantation

Eight compounds were isolated from Bufonis periostracum by repeated column chromatography on silica gel, ODS and Sephadex LH-20 and their structures were characterized as palmitatic acid cholesteryl ester (1), cholesterol (2), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxycholesta-6-en-3beta-ol (3), cholest-5-en-3beta, 7beta-diol (4), cholest-7-en-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (5), 3-octaddecyloxy-1, 2-propanediol (6), isisamide (7) and bufothionine (8) on the base of spectral analysis. Compounds 1-8 were isolated from Bufonis periostracum for the first time and compounds 3, 5, 6, 7 were obtained from Bufo bufo gargarizans and Bufo genus for the first time. The bioassays showed all tested samples displayed no antitumor activity against the cell lines such as A549, BeL 7402, HGC-27 and HL-60, except the control compound bufalin.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Bufo bufo ; metabolism ; Bufonidae ; metabolism ; Humans

Objective:To investigate the status of post-traumatic growth and its afffecting factors in middle-aged and young patients with type 2 diabetes, in order to carry out clinical intervention for reference.Methods:A general data questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to survey 222 middle-aged and young patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized from December 2020 to March 2021 in Shandong First Medical University Affiliated Center Hospital, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Liaocheng People′s Hospital.Results:The total score of Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Perceived Social Support Scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale was (45.20 ± 12.90), (42.73 ± 10.16),(51.41 ± 10.60) points in middle-aged and young patients with type 2 diabetes. Regression showed that treatment mode, medical payment mode, social support, and psychological resilience were the main influencing factors of post-traumatic growth levels in middle-aged and young patients with type 2 diabetes ( P<0.05), which could explain 42.3% of the variation. Conclusions:Middle-aged and young patients with type 2 diabetes have grown at low level. Medical staff should concentrate on the positive psychology of patients and improve their level of social support and resilience to promote the production of post-traumatic growth.