Objective:To develop a modified rat laryngeal transplantation model to improve the survival rate of recipients.Methods: Eighty Class Ⅱ isogeneic F344 rats,weighing 250-350 g,were randomly divided into 2 groups(n=40).The control group adopted the Strome model.The allograft used for the experimental group preserved ascending pharyngeal artery,which formed a complex allograft together with tongue base,larynx and pharyngolarynx.End-to-end anastomosis was performed between both allograft common carotid arteries and anterior neck veins.The patency rate and survival rate of the allograft of the 2 groups were compared.Results: The artery,vein patency rate and survival rate were 30%,15%,and 30% in control group,and 75%,65%,and 80% in experimental group,respectively(P

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of Masquelet technique combined with tissue flap grafting for bone defect and soft tissue defect.

OBJECTIVE: Embryonic stem cells (ES cells) is a special kind of cell population with totipotency and uninhibited self-renewal property. Researches on induced differentiation of ES cells were received and summed up to provide reasonable and constructive suggestions for clinical application of ES cells.DATA SOURCE: Papers published in Highwire press and Medline database were retrieved with keywords "Embryonic stem cell, differentiation, and induce" from 2000 to 2004. Additionally, papers published in Wanfang database were also retrieved with keywords "Embryonic stem cell" in Chinese from 2000 to 2004.STUDY SELECTION: Data were analyzed firstly in order to select papers related to induced differentiation. The inclusion criteria were selection of the original works, but the summaries and Meta analysis were excluded.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 369 papers were chosen according to correlation with keywords; among them, 364 papers were in foreign language. After reading through summaries of these papers, 15 papers thoroughly discussing induced differentiation of ES cells were chosen for further intensive reading. Papers discussed various kinds of differential models, neural cells, cardiac muscle cells, epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells.DATA SYNTHESIS: The induced differential models of neural cells, cardiac muscle cells, epithelial cells and hematopoietic cells from ES cells were introduced comprehensively in the seven literatures. Based on these references mentioned above and other references which introduced cell model separately, all data were generally studied, sorted out and summed up.CONCLUSION: ES cells can be induced to be various kinds of cell models such as neural cells, epithelial cells, cardiac muscle cells and hematopoietic cells, which may be used to clarify the mechanism of cellular development and differentiation to provide good respects for clinical cellular therapy and screening of medicines.

Objective To investigate the causes of visual disability and to evaluate the curative effect of visual disability aids test paired for improving the visual function in the patients with visual disability.Methods By adopting the visual acuity disability rating standards in the 2006 second national disabled sampling survey,100 patients with visual disability undergoing fitting visual aids in the ophthalmology department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were selected.The causes of visual disability were identified by means of ophthalmological examinatiom at the same time wearing far or near low vision aids observed the improvement degree of eyesight.Results The first cause of visual disability was retinal disease(25.00％).In wearing the distant visual aids,the off-blindness rate was 94.59 ％ and the off-disability rate was 82.43 ％;after wearing the near visual aids,the cases of near visual acuity≥0.50 accounted for 92.31％.Conclusion Retinopathy is a leading cause of adult vision disability;the aids for visual disability in the patients with visual rehabilitation have remarkable curative effect,and can improve the quality of life in the patients with visual disability.

Objective To investigate the treatment and prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Methods The clinical and following-up data of 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma treated at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery of Cancer Centre, SUN Yat-sen University from Jan 1990 to Dec 1999 were analyzed retrospectively for mortality and survival rate ( KaplanMeier). A multivariate analysis was performed in these patients by Cox proportional hazard model. Results The overall 10-year and 15-year survival rate of all 124 patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma were 94.9% and 92.5% respectively. The univariate analysis showed the prognostic factors significantly influencing the survival of patients included age (being worse for those of 35 years and older) at presentation, and the status of distant metastasis ( all P ＜ 0. 05 ) , while gender, incidentally found at surgery, the size of primary tumor, the status of neck lymph node metastasis, recurrence after a primary resection, and the extent of surgical resection did not significantly effect the prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed the age more than 35 years at presentation was an independent risk factor indicating worse prognosis (P = 0. 045 ). Conclusioas The prognosis of patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is satisfactory, but that is poor for those patients 35 years old and up at presentation and with distant metastasis.

The Notch signaling pathway plays an important role in cell fate and homeostasis.Various studies have proved that the Notch signaling pathway has strong effects on corneal wound healing and the maintenance of corneal homeostasis.Limbal stem cells inhibit differentiation and proliferation by inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway.Physiologic downregulation promotes cell migration and wound coverage in the early stage of corneal epithelial repair, and physiologic upregulation in the late stage of corneal epithelial repair is related to preventing excessive stratification of corneal epithelial cells and maintaining cell differentiation.Fibrosis is correlated with Notch after corneal stromal injury.The Notch signaling pathway is directly involved in the endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition induced by transforming growth factor-β after corneal endothelial injury.In addition, there are interactions between the Notch signaling pathway and 14-3-3 sigma, epidermal growth factor receptor, Sirt6, microRNA, and matrix metalloproteinases in maintaining corneal epithelial homeostasis, corneal epithelial differentiation, corneal stromal excessive inflammatory response, corneal neovascularization, etc.This review summarizes the function of the Notch signaling pathway in corneal wound healing.

Objective KG1This study is to evaluate defectography in postoperative defecation function of Hirschsprung′s disease (HD). KG2MethodsKG1 Between 1979 and 1993, 30 HD cases were treated operatively and followed-up by defectography. KG2ResultsKG1 Thirty cases were classified into 3 groups, according to the standard quantitative clinical scoring systems with the stooling score from 0 to 14. There were 4 cases (13%) graded as excellent (maximum score of 14) with normal bowel habit, 21 cases (70%) as good (score between 10～13) with minor continence problems, 5 cases (16 7%) as fair (score between 5～9) with marked limitations in social life. Anorectal manometry study showed that the anal resting pressure and voluntary sphincter force (maximal queeze pressure minus resting pressure) in fair group were significantly lower than that in control group( P

Objective To improve the diagnosis and management of solid-pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) of the pancreas. MethodsTwenty-two SPT patients were retrospectively reviewed and divided into two groups, misdiagnosed group and those with preoperatively correct diagnosis. ResultsAbout one half (46%) SPT cases were misdiagnosed preoperatively. With time SPT tends to invade its capsule resulting in impossibility of radical resection, and increased medical expenses. ConclusionsAlthough SPT is of low degree malignant, and the prognosis after surgical resection is satisfactory, misdiagnosis and preoperative misdiagnosis and inappropriate management still cost the patients increased expenses and inhospital stay.

Objective To investigate the application value of functional magnetic resonance imaging nethods diffusion weighted imagingand dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in theT stagingof rectal cancer.Methods Through the retrospectively analysis of DWI and DCE-MRI images of 78 rectal cancer patients confirmed by pathology,the different of routine sequence examination and functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with routine sequence examination in T thestaging diagnosis were contrasted analysis.The correlation of ADC value and quantitative parameters of Ktrans,Kep and Ve values with tumor T staging was analyzed.Results The functional magnetic resonance imaging combined with routine sequence examination in T staging screened 68 cases successfully,and the accuracy rate was 87.2％.preoperative T staging and postoperative pathology of rectal cancerwas better thanroutine sequence examinationin T staging (59 cases,with the accuracy rate 75.6％) (Kappavalue:0.81 vs 0.65,P ＜ 0.05).The ADCvalue andDCE-MRI quantitative parameters values of K and Ve increased with the increase of tumor T staging (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference of Kep values.Conclusions The ADC value and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters (K and Ve values) had certain relevance with Tstaging of rectal cancer.The functional magnetic resonance imaging had a high accuracy in the preoperative T staging of rectal cancer,which proves certain clinical value in judging invasion depth of tumor in the rectal wall.

Objective:To investigate the effect of heat shock protein B8 (HspB8) downregulation on retinal ganglion cell (RGC) and retinal function in the mice model of optic nerve injury (ONC).Methods:Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) 2 AAV2-shHspB8-GFP was constructed to knockdown HspB8. 66 adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into the control group, the ONC group, the AAV2-shHspB8 group, the ONC+AAV2-shHspB8 group, and the ONC+AAV2-GFP group. There were 10, 20, 16, 10 and 10 mice respectively, and both eyes were used as experimental eyes. Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of HspB8 on day 3 and 7 after ONC. By GFP immunofluorescence staining, the efficacy of AAV2-shHspB8-GFP transfer was accessed. Moreover, it was possible to identify functional and RGC survival differences between groups by optomotor response (OMR), dark adapted full-field flash electroretinogram (ff-ERG), oscillatory potentials (OPs), photopic negative response (PhNR) and retinal flat-mount RGC counting 5 days after ONC. Comparisons between two groups were made using Mann-Whitney U test, unpaired t-test, unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni t test. Results:Compared with the control group, the expression of HSPB8 protein in the retina of mice in ONC3 group was significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=43.63, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the ONC group showed obviously lower visual acuity ( P<0.01), lower a-wave, b-wave, OPs, PhNR amplitude, longer b-wave latency ( P<0.05), and the survival rates of RGC in ONC3 group, ONC5 group and ONC7 group decreased in a time-dependent manner( F=384.90, P<0.01). Transfection of AAV2 efficiency was highest on 4 weeks after IVT. Besides, there was no significant differences between the control group and the AAV2-shHspB8 group on visual acuity, ff-ERG, OPs, PhNR and RGC survival ( P>0.05). In comparison of the control group, we found that RGC survival of the ONC5+AAV2-shHspB8 group was significantly elevated ( F=10.62, P<0.01). Conclusions:Expression of HspB8 on the retina can be induced by ONC. The investigation of RGC counting, visual acuity, and ff-ERG revealed that optic nerve injury destructed functionality of mice retina and resulted to RGC death ultimately. The Most crucial finding of this research is that HspB8 knockdown had a neuroprotective effect in RGC after ONC.