OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous contents determination of schizandrin,schizandrin B and cin-namaldehyde in Xiaoqinglong granule. METHODS:HPLC was performed on the column of Wondasil-C18 with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min,the detection wavelength was 245 nm, temperature was 25 ℃ and volume was 20 μl. RESULTS:The linear range was 1.008-20.16 μg/ml(r=0.999 8) for schizandrin, 0.496-9.92μg/ml(r=0.999 7)for schizandrin B,and 1.012-20.24μg/ml(r=0.999 6)for cinnamaldehyde;RSDs of precision,sta-bility and reproducibility tests were no more than 1.33%;the average recoveries were respectively 98.9%(RSD=1.71%,n=6), 99.9%(RSD=1.50%,n=6) and 98.7%(RSD=2.10%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproduc-ible,and can be used for the quality control of Xiaoqinglong granule.

Objective The paper objectively analyses the Batroxobin and LMWH therapeutic effects on acute cerebral infarction. Methods 150 cases suffering from acute cere bral infarction were selected,who were hospitalized from Jan.2002 to Mar.2004.The Batroxobin group was composed of 42 cases;the LMWH group consisted of 48 cases and control group 60 case.All of the 150 cases were given drugs during 6～72 hours in hospital.The patients' neurologic functional deficiency were measured before and after the treatment. Results The patients' curative rate in Batroxobin group was significantly higher than that in LMWH group( P

BACKGROUND: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-synthesizing cells distribute in all over the body. However, very little is known about the morphological localization and the distribution characteristics of ANP-synthesizing cells in different regions of rat stomach. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ultrastructural localization and distribution characteristics of ANP-synthesizing cells in rat stomach. DESIGN: Repeated measurement experiment. SETTING: Chengde Medical Collage, Chengde, Hebei Province, China. MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Laboratory for Institute of Chinese Materia Medica Immunology (provincial key laboratory), Chengde Medical College between October 2004 and July 2007. Eighteen adult Wistar rats of either gender, weighing 175-300 g, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center of Chengde Medical College. The disposal of animals was conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines for the use and care of animals. ANP antibody and serum (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, USA), Protein A-15 nm colloidal gold labeled (Sino-American Biotechnology Company, China), CMIAS image analysis system (Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China) and JEM-1200EX transmission election microscope (Japan) were used in the study. METHODS: After gastric and right atrial tissues (as a positive control in immanohistochemical staining for ANP-synthesizing cells) were fleshly excised from anesthetized Wistar rats, the specimens were longitudinally harvested along rat gastric cardiac region, gastric fundic mucosa and gastric pyloric region. Gastric tissue was performed immunohistochemical staining (for positive control) together with right atrial tissue, to observe the distribution characteristics of ANP-synthesizing cells in different regions of rat gastric tissue, and to localize ANP-synthesizing cells. The ultrastructural localization of ANP-synthesizing cells in the rat gastric mucosa was performed by postembedding immunoelectron microscopy. The area-density percentage of ANP-synthesizing cells in the different regions of rat stomach (gastric cardiac region, pyloric region and fundic region) was calculated with a CMIAS image analysis system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphological appearance and localization of ANP-synthesizing cells as well as the different area-density percentage in different regions of rat stomach. RESULTS: As a positive control, ANP-synthesizing cells showed intense positive expression in atrial myocytes and cytoplasm and in gastric mucosa (mainly within the lower third of rat gastric mucosa). The morphological appearance of the individual ANP-synthesizing cell was variable, exhibiting round, pyramidal and flask shapes. Negative staining for ANP-synthesizing cells was detected in the lamina propria, submucosa, and smooth muscle. ANP-synthesizing cells existed in different regions of rat stomach and its area-density was the largest in the pyloric region. The distribution order of ANP-synthesizing cells in area-density was gastric cardiac region > gastric pyloric region > gastric fundic mucosa in mucosa layer. CONCLUSION: ANP-synthesizing cells mainly exist within the lower third of the rat gastric mucosa. The percentage of area-density of ANP-synthesizing cellswas variable in different regions of rat gastric mucosa, and its percentage of area-density was the largest in the gastric cardiac region.

The trypsin inhibitor is a kind of substance that can inhibit trypsin activity.It shares extensive physiological roles.The trypsin inhibitor not only inhibits the activities of many enzymes,but also has significant anti-cancer effects by suppressing cell invasion and promoting cell apoptosis.Wnt signaling pathway involves in the regulation of cell growth,proliferation and apoptosis.It also plays an important role in tumor development.This review focuses on the impacts of trypsin inhibitors on Wnt signaling pathway and tumor cell apoptosis.

BACKGROUND: Previous researches have proved that both atrial natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) exist in the same endocrine granule of enterochromaffin cell (EC). However, whether ANP may promote or inhibit synthesis and secretion of 5-HT needs to be further studied. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ANP on synthesis and secretion of 5-HT in EC of rat gastric mucosa.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animals study.SETTING: Immunology Laboratory, Chengde Medical College. MATERIALS: This study was performed at the Immunology Laboratory, Chengde Medical College from October 2004 to July 2007. Forty adult male Wistar rats were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Chengde Medical College. The experiment was in accordance with animal ethics standards. ANP, 5-HT antibody and serum were provided by Santa Cruz Biotechnology Company, USA.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly into endocrine and exocrine groups, and rats in the two groups were sub-grouped into control and experimental groups with 10 in each group. ANP (28 μg, 14 mg/L) was directly injected into the stomach to mimic ANP luminal secretion and ANP (14 μg, 14 mg/L) was directly injected into the sublingual vein to mimic ANP endocrinal secretion. In above condition, 5-HT immunoreactive positive cell was displayed by using immunohistochemistry technique, numerical density (Nv) of endocrine granule (SG) was counted by using electron microscopic morphometry, and 5-HT level in the serum was measured by using HPLC-ECD technique. And then, the results were compared to the control group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of ANP on density of 5-HT immunoreactive positive cell, numerical density (Nv) of SG and 5-HT level in the serum. RESULTS: Effect of luminal and endocrine ANP on the 5-HT secretion: The density of immunoreactive positive cell and the numerical density (Nv) of SG were significantly increased by luminal and endocrine ANP (P＜0.05), while 5-HT level in serum was significantly reduced by luminal and endocrine ANP (P＜0.05). CONCLUSION: Luminal and endocrinal ANP can inhibit 5-HT release of gastric mucosa but may not change or enhancement its synthesis in rat.

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of soybean oil emulsion on stress response and immune function after surgery for esophageal cancer. Mehtods:Patients who underwent esophagectomy with thoracotomy were divided into two groups.Group A(15 patients) received fatfree parenteral nutrition(PN) as the control group.Group B(18 patients) were fed by PN with soybean oil emulsion.There was no significant difference between the two groups in regard to either clinical backgrounds,nutritional parameters, or proteins measured before and after the operation. Results:The serum levels of cortisol and IL6 were significantly higher on the first and third postoperative days(P

Objective To recognize CT signs of parapharyngeal space (PPS) changing in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) further.Methods 30 patients with proven NPC by biopsy were performed CT and MR scanning before radiotherapy. Results According to CT findings,four types of PPS display in 30 cases were found,each of which was observed and compared with MR findings and were as follows: (1)PPS ,which had no changing on CT, showed fat-filled triangular space continuously on MRI. (2) PPS, which became narrow and linear hypodense on CT,showed that fat intensity was pressed, but continuously on MRI; (3) PPS, which became narrow and linear hyperdense on CT,showed fat intensity,was pressed exceedingly but continuously either on MRI. (4)PPS,which was diminished on CT, showed the mass occupied PPS and lateral pterygoid muscles was pushed, medial fatty space of which was diminished, but intensity of medial or lateral pterygoid muscles was normal or abnormal on MRI. Conclusion (1)When PPS becomes narrow on CT,whether PPS shows hyperdense or hypodense,the mass makes a breakthrough PPS. (2) When PPS is diminished completely on CT,the mass steps PPS to the infratemporal fossa.

Objective To prospectively investigate the optimal setting for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with breast cancer by comparing the effects of different preparation methods and injection sites of 99Tcm-SC in sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping and detection.Methods Two batches of 99Tcm-SC were prepared by boiling for 3 min (radiotracer 1) and 5 min (radiotracer 2),respectively.Radioactive chemical purity (RCP) and size of colloid particles were measured at 10 min,1 h,2 h and 4 h after the preparation.One hundred and forty-seven patients with breast cancer were involved and randomly divided into 3 groups.Group A consisted of 40 patients with periareolar injection of radiotracer 1,group B of 40 patients with periareolar injection of radiotracer 2,and group C of 67 patients with peritumoral injection of radiotracer 2.Lymphatic mapping was performed for all patients using SPECT/CT preoperatively and blue dye was subdermally injected over the tumor.The detection rate of the axillary and internal mammary SLN was recorded.One-way analysis of variance,independent two-sample t and x2 tests were used to analyze the data.Results There was no significant difference of RCP between the two radiotracers at 10 min,1 h,2 h and 4 h after preparation (t =-0.267,-0.794,0.826 and-0.977,all P＞0.05).Compared with radiotracer 1,the percentage of particles smaller than 100 nm in radiotracer 2 reduced significantly ((73.72±2.36) ％ vs (65.25±3.56)％,t=6.436,P＜0.05) and the mean effective particle size was significantly larger ((45.27±6.42) nm vs (75.59t7.04) nm,t=7.315,P＜0.05).In groups A,B and C,the detection rate of the internal mammary SLN was 70.0％ (28/40),47.5％ (19/40) and 17.9％ (12/67),respectively,with significant difference (x2=29.525,P＜0.05).In groups A,B and C,the detection rate of the axillary SLN was 100％ (40/40),95.0％ (38/40) and 97.0％ (65/67),respectively,without significant difference (x2 =2.686,P＞ 0.05).Conclusion For SLNB of patients with breast cancer,the axillary and internal mammary SLN could be better detected by SPECT/CT lymphatic mapping using radiotracer prepared with a shorter boiling time,via periareolar injection,and combined with subdermal injection of blue dye.

Objective To study the effect of Aloe polysaccharides (AP) on the thymocytic apoptosis and cell cycle in ? - ray irradiated mice. Methods Single- cell thymocytes suspension was sampled at different time points to observe the thymocytic apoptosis and cell cycle by flow cytometry. DNA ladders were tested by 1.8 % agarose gel electrophoresis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of thymocytes. Results Pre- treating with AP (50 mg/kg,ip) 30 min before irradiation could significantly decrease the percentages of apoptotic thymocytes in? - ray irradiated mice 4 h, 8 h and 12 h after irradiation, increase the percentage of thymocytes at G0/G1 phase and reduce the percentage of thymocytes at G2/M phase. It could also lessen the DNA ladders and reduce the number of apoptotic bodies. Conclusion The protective effects of AP on the thymocytes in ? - ray irradiated mice is related with the alleviation of the disorder of cell cycle and the inhibition of the apoptosis of thymocytes.

Objective　To investigate the correlation between degree of deeper infiltration of NPC on CT scan,prognosis and expression of P53 protein,in order to further recognize bilogical features of NPC.Methods　Collect 70 NPC biopsy specimens,which had performed CT scan before radiotherapy and had detailed clinical records.The expression of P53 protein was examined by means of S-P immunohistochemical technique.The correlation between expression of P53 protein and peripheral deeper infiltration and prognosis was analysed in detailed.Results　The results of these cases showed that the positive rate of over expression P53 were 68.57%,which had no relation with the histological types and pathological grades.The positive rate of P53 in Ⅱ、Ⅲ types had a higher positive rate than that of the Ⅰ type of NPC.Expression of P53 protein had no relation with neck lymph node metastasis,but had significant correlation with the size of metastatic lymph node,which is the positive rate of P53 in diameter of metastatic lymph node ＜4 cm was higher than that of diameter ≥4 cm.Expression of P53 had no relation with local recurrence and distant metastasis after radiotherapy.Conclusion　With the tumor infiltrating the deeper layer of nasopharynx,the positive rate of P53 expression is more and more high,and degree of malignant is increasing.The three types on CT scan represents the biological features of NPC.