Objective To establish a simple and practical superparamagnetic immunochromatographic test strip for rapidly monitoring human serum level of CA72-4. Methods Water-soluble carboxylated super-paramagnetic nanoparticles were prepared with a modified one-step hydrothermal synthesis method. Magnetic probe was prepared by immobilizing specific antibody (mAb1) onto the surface of nanoparticles. Following with optimization and assembly of the test strip , we evaluated sensitivity , specificity , stability of this method for serum CA72-4 detection. Results The optimized test strip provided not only the qualitative results, but also the high sensitivity quantitative detection through stable magnetic signal. The detection limit was 0.83 IU/mL. One hundred clinical samples ( 70 positive and 30 negative ) were measured to assess these test strips with high sensitivity (99%) and high specificity (93%). The test strip and magnetic signal possessed high stability. Conclusion A rapid and quantitative detection of CA72-4 by the test strip was accomplished. This method is rapid, sensitive and quantitative, possessing great potential in large sample screening or in-home testing.

Objective To investigate the influence of tube voltage on image quality and radiation dosage to subjects in chest digital radiography (DR).Methods An adult chest phantom was exposed in the range of 80-130 kV with the interval of 10 kV and the automatic exposure control (AEC) setting was selected from-4 to 4.The entrance skin dose (ESD) of the phantom was measured,and the relative noise,contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and the effective dose of each exposure was calculated.Results The ESD was (0.062 9 ±0.027 4) mGy,and the effective dose was (0.012 7 ±0.004 5) mSv.The effective dose increased linearly with the ESD,and there was a positive correlation (r =0.912,P ＜ 0.01).When the tube voltage was held constant,the relative noise decreased as the effective dose increased (r =-0.967,-0.969,-0.968,-0.969,-0.968,-0.970,P ＜ 0.01).The CNR increased with the effective dose increasing under the same tube voltage(r =0.987,0.987,0.986,0.987,0.988,0.989,P ＜0.01).The ESD and effective dose decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 50％ and 20％.The relative noise decreased as the kV values increased under the same AEC,and the degree of decrease could be up to 23％.The CNR values increased up to 8％.Conclusions The use of higher kVp in chest digital radiography can reduce the radiation dose to some extent

Objective To explore the influence on image quality and the reduction of radiation dose to eye lens when using bismuth shielding in sinus MDCT.Methods The standard water phantom was scanned using clinical scanning protocols of sinus in 16-MDCT,and the images were acquired with none,1 layer,2 layers and 3 layers of bismuth shielding severally.Using the above protocol,the cadaveric head was scanned with no shield,1,2 and 3 layers of bismuth shielding material covered on both eyes,and the organ dose to eye lens in each scanning was measured with thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD).The sponge with the thick of 0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0 cm was placed between the shielding material and the surface of subjects separately and the radiation doses to eye lens was measured with sinus scanning conditions in the same way.The CT values of phantom with the distances of 2.0,4.0,6.0 and 8.0 cm to shield material were measured.The influence of bismuth artifacts on anatomic structures was evaluated as well.Results The organ doses to the eye lens in the sinus clinical CT were 20.0 mGy.Doses decreased significantly to 13.7,10.9 and 9.4 mGy separately when using 3 types of bismuth shielding thickness.With different thicknesses of shielding material,the greater the shield gap,the smaller the degree of reduction of organ dose,but the increasment of CT value was significantly reduced.Using 1-layer shield no gap and 2-layer shield with 1.5 cm gap in sinus MDCT,the radiation doses were reduced to 13.7 and 13.1 mGy with the reduction rates of 31.5％ and 34.5％ respectively.Conclusion The reasonable bismuth shielding can effectively reduce the radiation dose to eye lens in sinus CT on the premise of ensuring image-diagnostic quality.

ObjectiveTo find the proper way of assessing the image noise characteristic through the analysis of noise characteristic in the digital mammographic images.MethodsThe CDMAM phantom was firstly exposed with different filter materials and tube voltages in the range of 23 to 35 kVp at a fixed tube current 90 mAs,then exposed with different filter materials and tube current in the range of 20 to 200 mAs at a fixed tube voltage 29 kVp.The parameters such as background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation and relative standard deviation were calculated and measured from both 60 pixels of signal disc and background beside of the disk for all the images.The IQFinvs were calculated for the achieved images.Non-parametric rank sum tests were used to compare the difference of the background standard deviation,joint standard deviation and subtracted standard deviation,t test was used to compare the IQFinvs between Mo and Rh filers in each group.ResultsWith the same exposure parameters in the test above,the maximum value was the background standard deviation,while the subtracted standard deviation was the minimum,and the value of joint standard deviation was in the middle. With other parameters unchanged,the values of three kind of standard deviation increased with the increasing of tube voltage or tube current,while the differences between them getting more significant.Under the condition of 90 mAs and Mo filter material,background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation were 10.91,10.34 and 9.87,the results were 11.24,10.57 and 9.96 while Rh filter material was used,significant difference was found ( x2 =26.0,P ＜ 0.01 ). Under the condition of 29 kVp and Mo filter material,background standard deviation,joint standard deviation,subtracted standard deviation were 12.30,11.61 and 11.05,the results were 12.29,11.58 and 10.87 while Rh filter material was used,significant difference was found( x2 =20.0,P ＜ 0.01 ).The IQFinvs were 149.14 ± 23.87 and 139.16 ± 23.14 under the condition of 90 mAs and Mo filter material ( t =9.129,P ＜ 0.01 ).The IQFinvs were 149.75 ±34.85 and 145.2 ±34.64 while the parameters were 29 kVp and Rh filter material(t =1.304,P ＞0.05 ).The value of relative standard deviation decreased with the increasing of tube voltage or tube current,and the image quality got better with the decreasing of relative standard deviation.ConclusionRelative standard deviation is suitable not only for the expression of the digital mammographic images,but also for the evaluation of the image quality.

Objective To explore the effects on image quality and dose reduction to the lens when using bismuth shielding in head and neck MSCT.Methods The standard phantom and the cadaveric head with none,1,2 and 3 layers of bismuth shielding were scanned with protocols of brain,temporal bone and paranasal sinuses using a 16-MDCT scanner.The organ dose to the lens in each scanning was measured with thermoluminescence dosimeters(TLD).The above scanning with sinus protocol was repeated with a sponge with thickness of 5,10,15 and 20 mm placed between the shielding and phantom/head.The CT attenuation of phantom with the distance of 2,4,6 and 8 cm to shielding were measured.The image quality was subjectively evaluated by 2 physicians.Results The organ doses of the lens with protocols of brain,temporal bone and sinuses were 24.31,27.60 and 20.01 mGy,respectively.The doses were decreased significantly when using bismuth shielding.With the increase of the shield gap,the degree of dose reduction was reduced,but the increasing degree of CT attenuation significantly reduced.Using 2-layer and 3-layer bismuth shield in brain and temporal bone CT scan,the radiation doses were reduced by 47.1％ and 59.1％,respectively while maintaining the diagnostic image quality.Using 1-layer shield without gap and 2-layer shield with 1.5 cm gap in sinus CT,the radiation doses were reduced by 31.5％ and 34.5％,respectively.Conclusions Reasonable usage of bismuth shielding can effectively reduce the radiation dose to the lens of eye in head and neck MSCT.

BACKGROUND:Bisphosphonates that can suppress osteoclast activity strongly is a powerful inhibitor for bone resorption, which has been reported to have good effects in the treatment of fibrous dysplasia.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effect of surgical treatment combined with bisphosphonate therapy in the treatment of fibrous dysplasia.
METHODS: Fifteen patients with fibrous dysplasia of the long bone were subjected to surgical treatment and oral bisphosphonate therapy postoperatively. Limb pain, limb function, local X-ray manifestations and blood alkaline phosphatase activity were observed before and at 3, 6, 12, 24 months after treatment. The therapeutic effects were evaluated using modified Macnab standards.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al the 15 patients were folowed up for more than 24 months, and their pain symptoms were significantly relieved after the combined treatment of surgery and bisphosphonates, excelent in 12 cases and effective in 1 case, and the total efficiency was 100%. X-ray films showed that the density slightly decreased in operation areas after 3 months, but at 6 months after treatment, the cortical bone was thickened and the marrow cavity density increased in the operation areas, and non-focal zone was continuously enlarged. No fractures and recurrence were found in al patients. At 6 months after treatment, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The results suggest that surgical operation with bisphosphonate treatment for bone fibrous dysplasia can effectively inhibit the bone resorption, promote bone formation, increase the intensity of the lesion, reduce fractures and recurrence rate, so as to achieve a better therapeutic effect in clinic.

Obej ctive Knockout mice are widely used in the studies of joint diseases .This article investigated the effects of joint processing methods , collagenase types ,and collagenase digestion time on the number of primary fibroblast -like synoviocytes (FLSs) obtained from mice. Methods The hind legs of 6 of the 12 male mice were cut open from the hip joints , but not those of the other 6.FLSs were isolated using the type-Ⅳcollagenase digestion method and purified by differential digestion .Cell morphology was observed under the inverted microscope .The type, viability, and purity of the cells were determined by flow cytometry . Rse ults Significantly fewer FLSs were obtained from the mice with the hind legs cut open ( 19 133 ±115 ) than from those without (24 933 ± 503) (P<0.05).The numbers of FLSs collected from the cell suspension at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 , and 7 hours after digestion were 700 ±300 , 600 ±100 , 15 200 ±900 , 5100 ±800 ,2700 ±300 , 900 ±200, and 300 ±100, respectively, the highest at 3 hours. There were statistically significant differences in the total number of FLSs obtained by type-Ⅳ and type-Ⅱ collagenase digestions (24900 ±500v s 18 100 ±400, P<0.05). Conclusion For in virt o culture of primary mouse FLSs, it is recommended that the hip joints be not cut open, and type-Ⅳcollagenase be used with cell sus-pension at 2-6hours after digestion .

Objective:To investigate the effect of different scanning modes, detector width and location in detector on high and low contrast resolution of wide-detector CT image.Methods:The Catphan600 phantom with high and low contrast resolution modules was scanned with GE Revolution CT at the same CTDI vol. The scans were performed with the detector widths of 40, 80 and 160 mm for sequential scanning mode and with the detector width/pitch combinations of 40 mm/0.516, 40 mm/0.984, 80 mm/0.508 and 80 mm/0.992 for spiral scanning mode. The resolution modules were placed at the adjacent region between two sequential scans, central and foot side edge in the longitudinal scanning range seperately. The subjective evaluation of the high and low contrast resolution was performed by two radiologists. Results:The high contrast resolution was 8 LP/cm at adjacent region between two sequential scans with the detector width of 80 mm or 160 mm in sequential scanning mode, and at the pitch of 0.5 in spiral scanning mode, while it was 7 LP/cm for the rest of detector combinations. The distinguishable diameter was 3 mm at 1% low contrast resolution at foot side edge with the detector widths of 80 mm or 160 mm in the sequential scanning mode, and it was 2 mm for all the other conditions. The distinguishable diameter was 2 mm at 1% low contrast resolution with the detector width of 40 mm and pitch 0.516 in the spiral scanning mode and it was worse with the wider detector and larger pitch.Conclusions:For the wide-detector CT, scanning mode, detector width, location in detector and pitches will affect the high and low contrast resolution to some degree. Appropriate selection should be done according to actual needs in clinical practice.