Objective To clarify the influence of Ca and P on bone metabolism by investigating theeir effects on proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of osteoblasts (OBs) in vitro. Method OBs were cultured in media with Ca(1, 2,4 mmol/L),P(1, 2,4 mmol/L),Ca:P 1:2 (1 mmol/L Ca+2 mmol/L P), and Ca:P 2:1 (2 mmol/L Ca+1 mmol/L P). Cell proliferation, activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), content of osteopontin (OPN) and collagen type I (Col-I) of OBs, and their corresponding mRNA expression were measured. Results Compared with control group,Ca at 4 mmol/L promoted OBs proliferation significanty (P

OBJECTIVE To investigate the potential protective effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABP) on diabetes mice induced by streptozocin. METHODS Male ICR mice were divided into normal control, diabetes model and ABP 50 and 100 mg·kg~(-1) (ip, once daily for 15 d) treatment groups. On the day before ABP administration and after ABP administration for 8 and 15 d, the blood glucose content was detected with a glucometer and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test was also conducted. After ABP administration for 15 d, the mice were sacrificed and body weight, heart, liver, spleen and kidneys weights were measured. The serum insulin concentration was determined by radioimmunoassay kit. The serum activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and serum concentrations of triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), calcium and phosphorus were measured by colorimetric method. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum. RESULTS Compared with mice in normal control group, the body weight and serum insulin concentration decreased and blood glucose increased in diabetic model mice. ABP 50 and 100 mg·kg~(-1) treated mice were able to normalize glucose concentrations better following a glucose tolerance test, and the blood glucose level decreased by 27.4% and 16.3%, respectively, compared with that of diabetic model mice. The relative weights of spleen and kidneys, blood glucose level, serum TG and TC concentrations, and GOT, GPT and ALP activities in mice treated with ABP 50 mg·kg~(-1) were obviously lower than those of diabetes model mice. Serum leptin concentration was also markedly decreased near to normal level. However, serum concentrations of adiponectin, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly increased comparing with diabetes model mice. ABP 100 mg·kg~(-1) had no obvious effect on serum TG and TC levels, and GPT and ALP activities. Its effects on the other parameters indicated above were similar to those in ABP 50 mg·kg~(-1) group. For the serum concentrations of insulin, calcium and phosphorus, no statistical difference could be observed among the different groups. CONCLUSION ABP possesses protective effect against streptozocin-induced diabetes in mice.

Objective To systematically evaluate the influence of acupuncture-moxibustion on the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), and to provide clinical references for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment for DPN.Method By searching the CBM, CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, Pubmed, Springer and Medline databases, randomized controlled trials (RCT) of acupuncture-moxibustion for the type 2 DPN published from January 2000 to January 2014 were retrieved and the relevant data of the peroneal nerve conduction velocity were collected for methodological evaluation. RevMan 5.1 software was adopted to conduct the meta-analysis.Result Totally 10 RCTs were recruited with 685 cases involved, including 355 cases in the treatment group and 330 cases in the control group. The meta-analysis results indicated that acupuncture-moxibustion can produce a better effect in improving the motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) and sensory nerve conduction velocity (SNCV) of peroneal nerve in type 2 DPN than the treatments used in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant between the two groups [MD=3.55, 95%CI (0.79, 6.31); MD=4.10, 95%CI (0.22, 7.99)].Conclusion Acupuncture-moxibustion can improve the peroneal nerve conduction velocity in type 2 DPN, and thus is worth application in clinic. Due to the limitation of the included studies, such as small sample size and low quality of the articles and high probability of bias, RCTs of large sample size and high quality are required to confirm the above conclusions.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and significance of anti-?2-glycoprotein Ⅰ (anti-?2-GPⅠ) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Anti-?2-GPⅠ level was determined in 112 SLE patients, 40 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 30 patients with Sj?gren′s syndrome (SS) and 40 healthy individuals by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The laboratory and clinical features (thrombosis, fetal loss, etc) were analyzed retrospectively from the clinical database. Results Sensitivities of anti-?2-GPⅠ were 21.4%, 15.0%, 6.7% in SLE, RA and SS, respectively. The specificity of anti-?2-GPⅠ was 88.6% in SLE. Correlations between thrombosis and titers of ACL-IgG/IgM and anti-?2-GPⅠ were statistically significant. No association was found between anti-?2-GPⅠ and other clinical and laboratory features. Conclusion The results indicate that anti-?2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibodies are common and may play a role in SLE with thrombosis. Combination of ACL and anti-?2-GPⅠ can facilitate the diagnosis of SLE with thrombosis.

The use of actigraphy, which can be used to estimate sleep-wake patterns from activity levels, has become common in sleep research. Actigraphy is a simple, cost-effective and non-invasive method for healthcare providers and researchers to assess patients sleep quality and screen for potential sleep disorders in recent years. But, there is no wide recognition and application of actigraphy in China up till now. This review summarized the application of actigraphy in evaluation of sleep and diagnosis of sleep disorders.
Actigraphy ; China ; Humans ; Sleep ; Sleep Wake Disorders ; diagnosis

Objective To study the effect of 1?,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25-(OH)2D3] on cytoskeleton,gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) and intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in osteoblasts (OB) in vitro. Method OB were isolated from calvaria bone. After 20 min and after 24 h treated by 1,25-(OH)2 VD3 (0,10-9,10-8,10-7 mol/L),[Ca2+]i was evaluated. F-actin and GJIC were observed after 24 and 48 h incubation later. Results Compared with the control group,[Ca2+]i in all 1,25-(OH)2 D3 groups was increased significantly at 20 min. [Ca2+]i in 10-9 mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 group was the lowest at 24 h after treatment. OB in 10-8 and 10-7 mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 groups were flat,and stress fibers were formed. The expression of F-actin in control group and 10-9 mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 group was reduced at 48 h after treatment. Compared with the control group,GJIC was weakened very significantly after treated with 10-9 mol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 at 48 h,but enhanced very significantly in the group with 10-8 and 10-7 mol/L. Conclusion Higher dosage of 1,25-(OH)2D3 can maintain the morphology of OB and stimulate the communication among OB,but lower dosage can inhibit it.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1?,25-dihy-droxyvitamin D3 (1?,25(OH)2D3) on the expression of receptor activator of NF-?B ligand (RANKL),osteoprotegerin (OPG) and RANKL mRNA,OPG mRNA,of rat osteobalsts (OB). Method The expression of RANKL and OPG was detected by the method of Immunohistochemistry and ELISA. RANKL mRNA and OPG mRNA were determined through FQ-PCR. Results Compared with the control group and the group with 1 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3,10 and 100 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3 can significantly induce the expression of RANKL and RANKL mRNA. 1,10 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3 can stimulate the expression of OPG and OPG mRNA significantly,while 100 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3 can inhibit the expression of OPG mRNA significantly. There were no difference in the rate of RANKL/OPG and RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA between the control group and the group with 1 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3,however the rate of RANKL/OPG and RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA in the group with 10,100 nmol/L were higher than the control group and the group with 1 nmol/L 1?,25(OH)2D3. Conclusion Lower dosage of 1?,25(OH)2D3 (1 nmol/L) had no significant effect on bone turnover,but higher dosage of 1?,25(OH)2D3 (10,100 nmol/L) can enhance bone turnover through facilitating the formation and activity of osteoclasts via enhancing RANKL mRNA/OPG mRNA and RANKL/OPG..

Objective In order to study the biological characteristics of macrophages and provide the materials to study the survival mechanism of intracellular parasites, we conducted this study to establish a high-purity alveolar macrophage isolation and culture method.Methods Goat lungs were lavaged with normal saline in sterile environment several times, and cells were collected and then goat alveolar macrophages were purified by density gradient centrifugation using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) solution.The isolated goat alveolar macrophages were cultured in cell culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and cell morphology was observed under an inverted microscope every day,and the phagocytic activity of the cells was detected by chicken red blood cell phagocytosis test.Flow cytometry was used to detect CD14, a characteristic monocyte-macrophage surface marker.Results The adherent cells were characterized by typical macrophage morphology, pseudopodia and protrusions, showing round and irregular shape, rich cytoplasm, and large cell body.Of the cultured macrophages, 54.5% could phagocytize chicken erythrocytes and showed good phagocytic activity.After one month of in vitro culture, 93.7% of the cells were able to express CD14 antigen, which had a macrophage-specific immunophenotype.Conclusions The alveolar macrophages obtained in this study have high purity and good bioactivity, thus provide a cell model for studying the immune mechanism of intracellular parasites.

Objective To establish a treatment proposal of thyroid adenoma by using percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA) and investigate its techniques and skills, means and steps, and safety and efficacy. Methods Contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided percutaneous RFA of thyroid adenomas were conducted on 202 patients by using an auto-controlled bi-polar electrode system. The indications of thyroid RFA,the optimal puncture route,the ways of anesthesia administration, protection of vital neck vessels and recurrent laryngeal nerve(RLN) and reduction of bleeding from core biopsy, indicators of ending ablation procedure following a complete ablation were investigated and analyzed. Resalts An adenoma smaller than 20 mm in maximal diameter was the optimal candidate for RFA. Either of two puncture routes could be selected upon the target lesion's location. Areas surrounding to the thyroid capsule needed adequate local anesthesia to kill pain. Liquid-isolating maneuver could effectively protect carotid artery and RLN from core needle cutting and electrode heating injury. Advanced block of supplying arteries with heating markedly reduced bleeding involved in the biopsy. Multipoint and multicenter ablation was essential to a complete coagulation. Filling-defect in the ablated adenoma on CEUS was the key sign to terminate ablation procedure. Conclusions Percutaneous bi-polar RFA was proved feasible, effective, safe and supermicroinvasive for treating thyroid adenoma under the way stated here of puncture and technical points and use of CEUS for monitoring.

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of tumor metabolic indexes measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT in recurrence of stage Ⅰ NSCLC after surgery.Methods A total of 85 patients (44 males,41 females,age (62.46± 10.38) years) in Shanghai Renji Hospital with stage Ⅰ NSCLC,who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT and subsequent surgical resection,were retrospectively enrolled from April 2006 to December 2011.Gender,age,tumor size,pathology,SUVmax,MTV and TLG of the primary tumor were selected as variables.ROC curve analysis was used to analyze the cut off value.The prognostic significance of parameters for recurrence-free survival (RFS) was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses.Survival analysis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method.Results During follow-up period,tumor recurrence occurred in 21 patients (24.7％,21/85) and 11 patients (12.9％,11/85) died.The median follow-up period was 44 months.The median values of SUVmax,MTV and TLG were 4.100,3.048 cm3 and 7.970,respectively.Cut off values of SUVmax,MTV and TLG were 7.115,4.701 cm3 and 12.015 according to ROC curve analysis.Univariate Cox analysis showed that SUVmax(x2 =22.091),MTV (x2 =4.941) and TLG(x2 =10.488) were associated with RFS(all P＜0.05).But gender,age,tumor size,and pathology were not independent risk factors of recurrence (x2=0.248-3.888,all P＞0.05).Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that SUVmax(=16.902,HR=15.426,P＜0.05) and TLG (x2=6.029,HR=4.054,P＜0.05) were independent prognostic factors for recurrence.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the period of RFS in high SUVmax (＞ 7.115) group (x2=32.545,P＜0.05) and in high TLG (＞12.015) group (x2=12.665,P＜0.05) were lower than those in low SUVmax group and low TLG group.Conclusion The SUVmax and TLG measured by 18F-FDG PET/CT have significant value for predicting the recurrence of stage Ⅰ NSCLC.