OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and future trend of drugs for cardiovascular diseases in our hospital METHODS:By using the 《China pharmaceutical information net》 adopted in the Second Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University,the drug consumption was statistically analysed RESULTS:Sum and daily cost of drug-consumption for cardiovascular diseases assumed an increasing tendency CONCLUSION:The drugs for cardiovascular diseases are complicated in classification and numerous in kind,therefore we should rationally use them

Objective To explore the selection and clinical effects of internal or external drainage for upper urinary tract obstruction complicated with acute renal failure.Methods A total of 25 cases of upper urinary tract obstruction complicated with acute renal failure were treated with double J(DJ) tube internal drainage(12 cases,15 times) or percutaneous nephrectomy(PCN) external drainage(19 cases,23 times).15 cases of obstruction were induced by tumor and 10 cases of obstruction induced by benign disease.Results The drainage treatments were performed successfully in 23 cases,with the success rate of PCN and DJ drainage being 86.9%(20/23) and 60.0%(9/15),respectively.Postoperative bleeding occurred in 1 patient with PCN.Conclusions PCN is superior to DJ in the treatment of malignant obstruction,but DJ internal drainage may be the first choice for non-malignant obstruction.

Objective ToobservetheefficacyofCO2lasercombinedwiththymopentinfortreatingcondylomaacuminata(CA)in anal canal .Methods 134 patients with CA in anal canal were selected and randomly divided into two groups .The treatment group was treated with CO2 laser for eliminating the wart combined with thymopentin by local injection ,while the control group was trea-ted with CO2 laser .Results The cure rate in the treatment group and the control group were 69 .1% (47 cases) and 45 .4% (30 ca-ses) respectively and the recurrence rate in the treatment group and the control group were 30 .9% (21 cases) and 54 .6% (36 cases) respectively ,the differences between the two groups had statistical significance (P<0 .05) .Conclusion CO2 laser combined with thymopentin has better effect for treating CA in anal canal .

The distribution and morphology of 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of 5 adult rats were studied by the immunohistochemicael PAP method with nickel-intensified DAB on paraffin sections of intestine rolls. The density of 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells in the gastrointestinal tract of the rat is highest in the pylorus, duodenum and colon and moderate in the jejunum, ileum, caecum and rectum and lowest in the body of the stomach. The 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells are various in shape. Some of them have several processes extending between other epithelial cells. The basal portion of some endocrine cells have processes with 5-HT positive substance accumulating in their ends. The processes of the basal portion of some endocrine cells extend into lamina propria through the basal membrane. The 5-HT positive substance of many endocrine cells can be found to extend to luminal surface of the crypt or intestinal tract. These results indicate that the 5-HT immunoreactive endocrine cells can release 5-HT by both endocrine and exocrine ways.

Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration are common problems in ophthalmic clinical practice, which not only cause disturbance to patients' life-quality, but also increase the risk of retinal detachment and vitreoretinal traction.In September 2019, the American Academy of Ophthalmology published Posterior Vitreous Detachment, Retinal Breaks, and Lattice Degeneration Preferred Practice Pattern (PPP). Based on clinical evidence, this PPP provides authoritative guidance for the definition, epidemiological background, diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.This PPP also gives definite solution for treatment and follow-up of different sub-types.This article provides introduction and interpretation of this PPP.

Objective: To investigate the effects of miR-200a on the proliferation of lung cancer cells and to identify its direct target genes. Methods:Real-time PCR was performed to analyze the miR-200a expression in 15 paired clinical specimens of non-small cell lung cancer and adjacent noncancerous tissues, human lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H520, and SK-MES-1), and one human normal lung bronchial epithelial cell line (16HBE). The effects of miR-200a on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells were detected through CCK-8 method. The candidate target genes of miR-200a were identified by bioinformatics screening and then verified by dual luciferase reporter gene assay, real-time PCR, and Western blot. The effects of YAP1 downregulation on the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cell line were also observed through CCK-8 method. Results:The miR-200a expression in non-small cell lung cancer tissues and lung cancer cell lines was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The upregulation of miR-200a expression could significantly inhibit the pro-liferation of A549 lung cancer cells (P<0.01). Dual luciferase reporter gene indicated that miR-200a could directly affect the 3′-untrans-lated region of the YAP1 gene to inhibit luciferase activity (P<0.01). Real-time PCR and Western blot revealed that the upregulation of miR-200a expression could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein expression levels of YAP1 in A549 lung cancer cells (P<0.01). CCK-8 method indicated that the downregulation of YAP1 could significantly prevent the proliferation of A549 lung cancer cells (P<0.01). Conclusion:MiR-200a inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells by targeting YAP1. Thus, miR-200a elicits tumor suppression effects.

Objective To assess the value of selective renal arterial embolization in treating mononephrous renal angiomyolipoma. Methods 1 6 patients with mononephrous renal angiomyolipoma were retrospectively analyzed.To observe and analyze the changes in renal function,lesions reduction and its complications.Results Symptoms have been improved significantly after treatment,no se-rious complications were observed during operation and postoperation.The creatinine level in postoperation was lower than the pre-operative level,followed-up after 1year.Conclusion Selective renal artery embolization is a safe and effective method for the treat-ment of mononephrous renal angiomyolipoma.

Objective To observe the effects of tetramethyipyrazine(TMP) on retina to find out whether it can protect retina from glaucomatous damage. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. One eye of each rabbit was model eye induced by 2％ methylcellulous, and the other was control eye. Normal saline, TMP, timolol and a combination of timolol and TMP were administrated to group A, B, C and D respectively. At the end of 4th week, eyes were excavated for light and electron microscopic study. Results The numbers of ganglion cells (P ＜0. 01) and bipolar cells (P ＜0. 01) in model eye were different significantly between group A and B. In group A, the model eye ganglion cells were karyopyknosis, chromatin margination and nuclear membrane rupture; some in ner nuclear cells dcveloped marked lytic changes; outer segment appeared disorganized; but group B changed slight ly. Conclusion The results suggest that TMP may protect retina from glaucomatous damage.

Objective To investigate hand hygiene status of health care workers (HCWs)in a hospital,and pro-vide guides for improving hand hygiene compliance.Methods Hand hygiene intervention was adopted in a hospital between 2012 and 2014,hand hygiene compliance among HCWs and healthcare-associated infection in patients be-tween August 1 and August 31 of each year were investigated and analyzed statistically.Results In 2102 -2014, hand hygiene compliance rate of HCWs was 59.55%,62.13%,and 65.16% respectively,which showed a increased trend (χ2 =10.018,P =0.002),HAI rate was 2.13%,1 .48% and 1 .06% respectively,which showed a decreased trend (χ2 =82.377,P <0.001 );hand hygiene compliance rate of doctors was lower than nurses (57.97% vs 65.97%);Of different hand hygiene moments,hand hygiene compliance rate was the lowest before touching a pa-tient(41 .32%),and highest after body fluid exposure (76.47%).Conclusion Comprehensive hand hygiene inter-vention in this hospital has achieved preliminary results,improvement of HCWs’hand compliance is helpful for pre-venting HAI.

Objective To investigate the occurrence trend and risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection during the ifrst year after Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) in children. Methods The clinical data of 133 children complete-ly recoved from MPP and one year follow-up after MPP were included in this study, MPP IgM IgG double antibody titer were measured in different time slots (3 month, 6 months, 9 months, 12 months) after discharge. Information on frequency of recurrent respiratory tract infections, respiratory tract infection site, and drug use within one year were collected. Possible factors affecting the occurrence of recurrent respiratory tract infection were analyzed by means of single factor and multi factor analyses. Results In 133 patients, the recurrent rate was 31.58%in the ifrst year;aged 3-6 years old (OR=2.29,95%CI:1.13~4.64), or continuous positive or negative to positive antibodies (OR=4.47,95%CI:1.47~13.65), or low CD4/CD8 (OR=10.26,95%CI:3.30~31.90), or low IgA (OR=1.90,95%CI:1.06~3.40) is independent risk factor of recurrent respiratory tract after MPP;immune enhancer therapy is an independent protective factor (OR=0.29,95%CI:0.11~0.78). Conclusions Immune function disorders in the ifrst year after MPP were independent risk factors of recurrent respiratory tract infection. MP antibody positive without clinical symptoms and sustained antibody positive can not prevent the recurrence of respiratory tract infection without use of antibiotics. Immune enhancer was advocate to adjust immune function and reduce the incidence of repeated respiratory tract infection.