Objective To explore the key parameters of eliminating the interference of chyle by adopting the high-speed centrifu-gation technique.Methods To establish the chylemia by adding chylomicrons to background serum,centrifuge the same model un-der five different parameters,compare the biochemical indicators of lower serum with background by matched t-test,and to analyze the relative bias of the experimental group with statistical differences.Results Compared with the background serum,for ALT, AST,TP,ALB,ALP,GGT and Fe,the correlation coefficient was higher and the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.01 )when centrifuging for 20 min by RCF 29 703 g;for CK and CHE,the correlation coefficient was higher and the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.01)when centrifuging for 15 min by 20 672 g;for Zn,the correlation coefficient was higher and the differences had no statistical significance(P >0.01)when centrifuging for 5 min by 9 168 g.For Glu,LDH,CRE,Urea,UA,Ca and P,all the experimental groups had statistically significant differences(P <0.01),but the relative bias in each group were within the acceptable range.For Ca and P,the correlation coefficient was higher when centrifuging for 15 min by 20 672 g.Conclusion It is recommended to eliminate the interference of chyle on ALT,AST,TP,ALB,ALP,GGT,Fe,Glu,LDH,CRE,Urea and UA by u-sing the centrifugal parameters(29 703 g,20 min),on CK and CHE by using the centrifugal parameters(20 672 g,15 minutes)and on Zn,Ca and P by using the centrifugal parameters(9 168 g,5 minutes).

OBJECTIVETo observe the influence of natural borneol and synthetic borneol on mucosal permeability of Gardenia extract.

METHODTaken frog skin as a vitro model to study the vitro mucosal permeation the impacts of the natural borneols and synthetic borneols on the P(app) of the Jasminoidin were studied, and the effect of different borneols on the stability of Jasminoidin were investigated. Compared the 10 h accumulated infiltration rate of each group the effects of influence factors,such as C(Ge), C(B) and rotation speed on P(app) were investigated by using response surface method.

RESULTThe P(app) of Jasminoidin of natural borneol and synthetic borneol group were 1.44 fold and 1.77 fold of control group (P < 0.01). For two borneol groups, the results also showed a significant difference too (P < 0.05). Jasminoidin began to degrade about 8 h after the effect of frog skin for control group and synthetic borneol group, but was stable within 12 h for natural borneol group. The accumulated permeation rate of 10 h was same for different borneol groups. It was about 1.3 fold of control group. The C(Ge) had a salinence influence on the P(app) (P < 0.01) and C(B) had a salience influence on time-lag (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONBoth the natural borneol and synthetic borneol can accelerate the permeation of Jasminoidin and the synthetic borneol has stronger effect on the P(app). Both two different borneol can reduce the degradation effect of frog skin to Jasminoidin, but the natural borneol has a better protect effect on it. By using more natural borneol, the mucosal permeability of Gardenia extract can be increased, the time-lag can be reduced, and Jasminoidin has better stability.

Administration, Cutaneous ; Bornanes ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacokinetics ; Dosage Forms ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Iridoids ; pharmacology ; Mucous Membrane ; metabolism ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Permeability ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Absorption

Objective:To develop a robotic digestive endoscope system (RDES) and to evaluate its feasibility, safety and control performance by experiments.Methods:The RDES was designed based on the master-slave control system, which consisted of 3 parts: the integrated endoscope, including a knob and button robotic control system integrated with a gastroscope; the robotic mechanical arm system, including the base and arm, as well as the endoscopic advance-retreat control device (force-feedback function was designed) and the endoscopic axial rotation control device; the control console, including a master manipulator and an image monitor. The operator sit far away from the endoscope and controlled the master manipulator to bend the end of the endoscope and to control advance, retract and rotation of the endoscope. The air supply, water supply, suction, figure fixing and motion scaling switching was realized by pressing buttons on the master manipulator. In the endoscopy experiments performed on live pigs, 5 physicians each were in the beginner and advanced groups. Each operator operated RDES and traditional endoscope (2 weeks interval) to perform porcine gastroscopy 6 times, comparing the examination time. In the experiment of endoscopic circle drawing on the inner wall of the simulated stomach model, each operator in the two groups operated RDES 1∶1 motion scaling, 5∶1 motion scaling and ordinary endoscope to complete endoscopic circle drawing 6 times, comparing the completion time, accuracy (i.e. trajectory deviation) and workload.Results:RDES was operated normally with good force feedback function. All porcine in vivo gastroscopies were successful, without mucosal injury, bleeding or perforation. In beginner and advanced groups, the examination time of both RDES and ordinary endoscopy tended to decrease as the number of operations increased, but the decrease in time was greater for operating RDES than for operating ordinary endoscope (beginner group P=0.033; advanced group P=0.023). In the beginner group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 motion scaling or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had shorter completion time [1.68 (1.40, 2.17) min, 1.73 (1.47, 2.37) min VS 4.13 (2.27, 5.16) min, H=32.506, P<0.001], better trajectory deviation (0.50±0.11 mm, 0.46±0.11 mm VS 0.82±0.26 mm, F=38.999, P<0.001], and less workload [42.00 (30.00, 50.33) points, 43.33 (35.33, 54.00) points VS 52.67 (48.67, 63.33) points, H=20.056, P<0.001] than operating ordinary endoscope. In the advanced group, the operators operating RDES with 1∶1 or 5∶1 motion scaling to complete endoscopic circle drawing had longer completion time than operating ordinary endoscope [1.72 (1.37, 2.53) min, 1.57 (1.25, 2.58) min VS 1.15 (0.86, 1.58) min, H=13.233, P=0.001], but trajectory deviation [0.47 (0.13, 0.57) mm, 0.44 (0.39, 0.58) mm VS 0.52 (0.42, 0.59) mm, H=3.202, P=0.202] and workload (44.62±21.77 points, 41.24±12.57 points VS 44.71±17.92 points, F=0.369, P=0.693) were not different from those of the ordinary endoscope. Conclusion:The RDES enables remote control, greatly reducing the endoscopists' workload. Additionally, it gives full play to the cooperative motion function of the large and small endoscopic knobs, making the control more flexible. Finally, it increases motion scaling switching function to make the control of endoscope more flexible and more accurate. It is also easy for beginners to learn and master, and can shorten the training period. So it can provide the possibility of remote endoscopic control and fully automated robotic endoscope.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of guideline-directed medical therapy （GDMT） combined with vericiguat in treating heart failure with reduced ejection fraction （HFrEF）. METHODS A retrospective study was conducted on 346 patients with HFrEF who received standardized diagnosis and treatment at the First People’s Hospital of Changzhou from January 2023 to May 2024. They were divided into standard treatment group （n＝215） and vericiguat group （n＝131）. Patients in the standard treatment group received GDMT， while patients in the vericiguat group received GDMT combined with vericiguat. Propensity score matching （PSM） was used to balance confounding factors between two groups， and the effectiveness （including outcome and prognostic indicators） and safety （occurrence of adverse events） of both groups were evaluated. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for primary and secondary outcome events were drawn， and the influential factors of primary outcome events were screened through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. RESULTS After PSM， there were 100 patients in the standard treatment group and 100 patients in the vericiguat group， and there was no statistically significant differences in baseline data between two groups （P＞0.05）. During a 1-year follow-up， there were statistically significant differences in the cumulative incidence of major outcome events between the standard treatment group and the vericiguat group， cumulative incidence of hospitalization events due to heart failure， changes in N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels before and after treatment between the standard treatment group and the vericiguat group （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups （P＞0.05）. Multivariate Cox regression analysis results showed that left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% was a risk factor for the occurrence of major outcome events within 1 year [hazard ratio （HR）＝ 2.090， 95% confidence interval （CI）： 1.175-3.718， P＝0.012]， while the use of vericiguat was a protective factor for the occurrence of major outcome events within 1 year （HR＝0.505， 95%CI： 0.284-0.899， P＝0.020）. CONCLUSIONS Compared with GDMT， GDMT combined with vericiguat can improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of HFrEF patients， and has good safety.