85 adult(42 right,43 left),30 newborn(18 right,12 left)and 32 fetal(13 right,19 left)samples were investigated.The vertical and transverse diameters of the tympanic mendrane were measured.The results might be for reference in isop- lastic transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of mosapride in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Methods Papers of PubMed,EMBASE,OVID,VIP Database and WANGFANG Data were searched and reviewed according to international Cochrane Collaboration.Results A total of 21 trials (1666 patients) were included.The treatment group was with mosapride and PPI,the control group was with single PPI or PPI and placebo.The Results of Meta analysis showed:for non-erosive negative reflux disease,there was no significant difference in efficacy between two groups.As for erosive esophagitis treated with mosapride (5mg):There was no significant difference in the 4-week healing rates between treatment group and control group (P =0.06).The 4-week symptom relief rate of treatment group was better than that of control group (P＜0.01).The 6-week healing rate of treatment group was better than that of control group (P＜0.01).The 6-week symptom relief rate of treatment group was better than that of control group (P＜0.01).There was no significant difference in the 8-week healing rate of esophagitis between treatment group and control group (P =0.05).The 8-week symptom relief rate of treatment group was better than that of control group (P＜0.01).For erosive esophagitis treated with mosapride 10mg,.The 8-week symptom relief rate of treatment group was better than that of control group (P=0.02).Conclusion According to the meta-analysis of these 21 trails,mosapride was safe and effective in the treatment of GERD.However due to the quality of the literatures,the above findings should be treated with caution.

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family is one ofthe most conserved proteinin evolutionand plays critical,role in proteostasis.HSP70 is becoming an interesting target for multiple diseases such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease.There are many drugs targeted to HSP70 in preclinical study.In this review,the classification,the structure,the function of HSP70,and the drugs of the HSP70 family are reviewed.

BACKGROUND: Several studies have confirmed that activation of intervertebral disc enzymes is closely related to matrix degradation. Matrix metalloproteinase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase have been shown to exert important roles in the process of extracellular matrix degeneration in intervertebrel disk. Besides these two enzyme systems, whether other proteeses that exhibit degrading effects on extracellular matrix are involved in the intervertebral disk degeneration remains poorly understood.OBJECTIVE: To detect the cathepsin K expression in normal and degenerated human intervertebrel disc cells and investigate the correlation between cathepsin K and intervertebral disc degeneration.METHODS: Cathepsin K expression was detected in intervertebral disc tissue from 30 patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion using immunohistochemistry SP method and ELISA. At the same time, the intervertebral disc tissue from 15 healthy adult cadavers and/or spine fracture patients was taken as control, Cathepsin K protein expression in normal and degenerated human intervertebral disc tissues were compared.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cathepsin K expression was observed in normal and degenerated intervertebral disc tissues.The expression level was significantly higher in degenerated tissue than normal tissue (P ＜ 0.05). These findings demonstrate that Cathepsin K possibly participates in the intervertebral disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND: Chinese medicine is rich in recognition and treatment for rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and has achieved attractable progression in researches of recent several years,characterized by variable therapeutic methods, definite therapeutic effects and few toxic side effects. Therefore, it is important scientifically and socially to further search for the effective drugs and methods for the treatment of RA in the field of Chinese medicine. There are few reports on whether Chinese herbs inhibit or block the destruction of cartilage and bone and promote their metabolism and repair for damage or not by variable approaches,targets and links in RA occurrence.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the mechanism of Chinese herbal tongbiling on cartilage destruction.DESIGN: Complete random design and control experimental study based on the experimental animals.SETTING: Golden Chamber teaching and research room of guangzhou university of traditional Chinese medicine.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Comprehensive Experimental Room of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2002 to December 2003,in which,35female Wistar rats were employed,clean grade,weighted(110±20) g,provided by Animal Experimental Room of First Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, with qualified animal No. 2002A041.After 3 days adaptive breeding,Wistar rats were randomized into normal group,model group and total alkaloidal of tongbiling group(TBL group). TBL was extracted in Phytochemistry Room of Tropical Disease Institute of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.METHODS: The animal model was prepared on rats with collagen-induced arthritis. After treated with gastric infusion in groups,the pathological sections were done on phalangeal joint of rat and chondropathy was observed after routine HE staining. The chondrocytes were cultured. The chondrocytes were stimulated with rrIL-1β in vitro and resulted in matrix decomposition of chondrycyte to prepare pharmaceutical model,TBL of various concentrations added and dexamethasone(DXM) was applied in the control. After 48 hours culture,the upper clear solution if cell was collected and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content was measured with alcian blue method,and nitric oxygen (NO) content was assayed with method of aqua fortis reduction.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①Primary results: Effect of TBL on phalangeal chondropathy in rats with collagen-induced arthritis and on matrix decomposition of chondrocyte induced by rrIL-1β.②Secondary results: Effect of TBL on induction of NO synthesis from chondrocytes by rrIL-1β.RESULTS:①It was indicated in evaluation on HE pathological section of phalangeal joint: The severity of cartilage destruction in TBL group was less than that in model group(P<0.05).②TBL of various concentrations and DXM inhibited remarkably the decomposition of choncrocyte proteoglycan (P<0.01) and NO synthesis (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: TBL inhibits phalangeal cartilage destruction of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. It is indicated in the results of experiment in vitro that TBL is against the decomposition of choncrocyte proteoglycan,which is probably achieved by inhibiting NO synthesis.

Objective To introduce the method of reconstructing posterolateral complex injury of the knee with the autogenous middle 1/3 of biceps femoris tendon and gracilis and evaluate its short-term outcome. Methods There were 21 cases of posterolateral complex injury of the knee reconstructed with the middle 1/3 of biceps femoris tendon and gracilis from January 2003 to December 2006. There were 13males and 1 female at age range of 18-49 years ( mean 34.3 years). The reconstructed ligaments included popliteal tendon, lateral collateral ligament and poplitrofibular ligament. An autogenous folded gracilis tendon was extracted and placed through trastibial bony tunnel from anterolateral to the posterior condylar of the tibia to reconstruct the popliteal tendon. An autogenous folded middle 1/3 of biceps femoris tendon was fixed in the isometric bony tunnel of the femoral lateral condyle. The anterior half was used to reconstruct the lateral collateral ligament, and the posterior half to reconstruct the poplitrofibular ligament. The posterolateral stability of the knee was evaluated mainly through examination varus instability of knee and external rotation range of leg. Results All cases were followed up for average 26 months (6-24months). Lysholm score of the knee was (43 ± 2) points preoperatively and (90 ± 3 ) points half year after operation, with significant improvement. Conclusions PCL injury may result in functional deficiency of the injured extremity. While the autogenous middle 1/3 of biceps femoris tendon and gracilis can yield a stable knee with good function, mini-trauma and satisfactory clinical results in reconstructing the posterolateral complex of the knee joint.

Objective To investigate the effect of Da-Cheng-Qi decoction on enteric functional disturbance in rats with acute experimental pancreatitis and its potential mechanism. Methods Seventy-two SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, acute pancreatitis (AP) group and Da-Cheng-Qi decoction treated group with 24 each. The AP model was induced by retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate (0.1 ml/100 g) into bitiopancreatic duet. Before modeling, the rats in treatment group received Da-Cheng-Qi decoction (2 g/100 g), and the rats in other two groups received 0.9% NaCl solution. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 6 and 12 hours with 8 each, and the blood samples were taken for detecting the level of amylase and the contents of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The colonic tissues 10 cm apart from trans-ligament incluing jejunum, terminal ileum and sigmoid colon were collected for examining the expressions of 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4mRNA and proteins by RT-PCR and Western blotting respectively. Results ① The levels of serum amylase and 5-HT in AP group and treatment group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group (P<0. 01), but they were lower in treatment group than in AP group at each time points (P<0. 05). The level of 5-HT was increased in the initial stage and then decreased gradually both in AP group and treatment group. ③ The expressions of 5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4 mRNA and proteins were significantly decreased in the jejunum, terminal ileum and sigmoid colon in AP group compared with sham operation group (P<0. 01). Whereas the expressions of 5-HT_3 mRNA and protein,but not 5-HT_4, were increased in the treatment group in comparison with AP group (P<0.05). Conclusions The level of 5-HT is significantly increased in acute pancreatitis, but its receptors (5-HT_3 and 5-HT_4) are decreased, which may induce enteric functional disturbance. The Da-Cheng-Qi decoction may improve enteric dynamic failure by increasing the expression of 5-HT_4 and may be a choice for treatment of acute pancreatitis with enteric dynamic failure

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction on gut dysfunction in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods Forty-eight SAP patients complicated with gut dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups according to the number of admission, which were treatment group and control group. The therapy in t reatment group was Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction infusion through gastric tube (one paste/day, b. i. d), however the therapy of control group was normal saline infusion through gastric tube (the amount was the same as the former, b. i. d), and other management in the two groups was similar. The first passage of gas by anus and defecation after treatment was observed. Serum amylase, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 were examined before and one week after treatment;complications and mortality were compared between the two groups. Results The first passage of gas by anus and defecation in the treatment group was ( 12.3 ± 5.7 ) h and ( 24.8 ± 11.2 ) h, respectively, and shorter than ( 22. 1 ± 9.7 ) h and 46.2 ± 17.4) h of control group ( P <0.01) ;the numerical values of serum amylase, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 one week after treatment were ( 120.3 ± 35.8 ) U/L, ( 10.8 ±2.0) ng/ml, (36.3 ± 5.8) U/L and (4.8 ± 1.0) U/L, which were significantly decreased when compared with the values before treatment, and these values were significantly lower than (267.2 ± 78.9 )U/L, ( 19.5 ± 2.7 ) ng/ml, (80.1 ± 9.0) U/L, ( 10.5 ± 1.2 ) U/L of the control group ( P < 0.05 ). The total complications and mortality of treatment group was 12.5% and 4.4%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (37.5% and 25%, P <0.05). Conclusions Treatment with Da-Cheng-Qi Decoction in SAPpatients complicated with gut dysfunction was effective to reverse gut dysfunction and reduce total complications and mortality.

Objective To evaluate the urodynamic and functional characteristics of 26 patients who had underwent orthotopic contient globular ileal neobladder. Methods The clinical date of 26patients who underwent radical cystectomy were reviewed. The neobladder pressure, capacity, urethral pressure and urinary flow rate were collected at 3-12 months after operation. Results The neobladders average pressure was less than 15 cm H2O when the volume was 400 ml. The pressure was 22.4 cm H2O at 100% capacity. The mean pressure of contractions was less than 40 cm H2O. The mean filling pressure after operation was relative stable while the difference between 3 months and 6 months was statistically significant. The difference between 6 and 9 and 12 month showed no statistical significance. The mean post-void residual was 42 ml. A mean voiding flow rate of 19. 6 ml/s could be obtained by Valsalva. Conclusion The neobladder not only could offer adequate capacity at low pressures but also could give a satisfied continent.

Objective To determine the level and clinical significance of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (iFABP) in patients of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) with intestinal dysfunction. Methods The serum and urine in 42 cases of SAP with intestinal dysfunction were collected at day 1, 3 and 7 after admission, respectively. The numbers of bowel sounds were recorded. 20 health subjects were selected as the control. Results The numbers of bowel sounds in health subjects were 5.6 ± 2.3/min. The numbers of bowel sounds in SAP patients at day 1,3 and 7 were 2.3 ± 0.7/min, 1.7 ± 0.2/min and 3.1 ± 1.1/min, respectively;which were significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The level of 5-HT in the control group was(86.7 ± 9.5)ng/ml, while the levels of 5-HT in the SAP patients at day 1, 3 and 7 were (112.0 ± 17.8) ng/ml, (130.5 ± 19.7) ng/ml, (107.9 ± 16.3) ng/ml. The level of urine iFABP in the control group was (90.5 ± 19.8) pg/ml, while the levels of urine iFABP in the SAP patients were (1250.2 ± 425.3) pg/ml, (1586.9 ± 523.4) pg/ml, (1154.6 ± 394.0) pg/ml. The levels of 5-HT and urine iFABP in the SAP patients all were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). The levels of 5-HT and urine iFABP in the SAP patients at day 3 were significantly higher than those in the day 1 and day 7, while there was no significant difference between the two groups. Conclusions Determination of serum 5-HT and urine iFABP in patients with early SAP could effectively evaluate the intestinal function, and it may have potential clinical significance.