Circulating DNA is defined as a kind of extracellular DNA that exists in plasma,cerebrospinal fluid and synovial fluid.The concentration of circulating DNA of cancer patients is significantly higher than that in healthy people.The genetic and epigenetic alterations of circulating cell-free nucleic acids are relevant to cancer development and progression,for example,gene mutation,DNA methylation and microsatellite instability and so on.The quantitative and qualitative detection of circulating DNA shows promising potential value in cancer screening,diagnosis,disease monitoring treatment and prognosis.

Objective: To study the compatibility and therapeutical basis of composite herbal medicines of Lingguishugan Decoction(LD)(Poria, Ramulus Cinnamomi, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Radix Glycyrrhizae.)Methods: Ethanol extract test solutions of the different combinations were prepared according to the orthogonal layout L 16 (4 5). Pharmacologic experiments, such as the time of survival of mice in shortage of oxygen in normal pressure, the antagonistic effect on arrhythmia induced by chloroform and the diuretic effect were carried out with LD. Variance analysis, canonical correlation and stepwise regression analysis were applied to interelationship between the amount of each drug and the pharmacologic data. Then, the fingerprints of the solutions were tested by HPLC method and 50 chromatographic peaks were obtained. Correlation and regression analysis was applied to interelationship between the area of each peaks and the pharmacologic data.Results: The results confirmed the poria and cinnamon twig are the basis, while ovate atractylodes and licorice are the adjuvans. 17 peaks, which were established as the therapeutical basis of the decoction, were selected from all compounds, and cinnamic acid of cinnamomum cassia, glycyrrhizin of Glycyrrhiza uralensis and dehydrotumulosic acid of Poria cocos were selected as the markers to evaluate the quality of the decoction.Conclusion: This study provided a significant try of studying the compatibility of composite herbal medicines.

Objective To investigate the imaging features of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma and the surgical efficacy to improve diagnosis and treatment of the calvarial cavernous hemangioma.Methods The clinical information,imaging materials and surgical efficacy from ten cases of calvarial cavernous hemangioma confirmed by pathology and the related literature was reviewed.Results The lesion was located in frontal bone in eight cases,in parietal bone in one case and in occipital bone in one case.The lesions were round-shape hypodensity with clear margin in X-ray.The lesions were hyperdensity or slightly hyperdensity on CT scan,and were osteolytic lesions with a characteristic honeycomb or starburst pattern on bone window.The MRI features were complicated and variable.The lesions were heterogenous and unevenly enhanced signal intensity.Nine patients underwent radical resections and reconstructed immediately by titanium mesh.The patient with tumor in occipital bone underwent radical resection only.Macroscopically,the pathologic bone was a huge purple-red blush mass protruding from the skull surface.Histological examination revealed the diploe with large,thin-walled,dilated blood-filled spaces lined by flattened endothelial cells without evidence of malignancy.No recurrence was noted in any case during a follow-up period from 3 to 24 months.All the patients survived well without recurrence.Conclusions The imaging features of calvarial cavernous hemangioma have a high value in the diagnosis and may provide guidance for the treatment.The radical resection and immediate reconstruction treatment for calvarial cavernous hemangioma is satisfied.

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition was reviewed and approved by the National Medical Products Administration and the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China in July 2020.The current edition was officially implemented on December 30,2020.The general chapters of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia discuss the general testing methods and guidelines,which are the common re-quirements and basis for the implementation of drug standards in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.Owing to adherence to the principles of scientificity,versatility,operability,and sustainable development,there is an improvement in the general chapters of the 2020 edition over those of the previous editions.Further,the application of advanced and mature analytical techniques has expanded,the development of testing methods for exogenous pollutants in traditional Chinese medicines has been strengthened,and technical requirements are now better harmonized with international standards.The updated edition provides technical and methodological support to ensure safety,effectiveness,and control of pharmaceuticals in China and will play an important and active role in encouraging the application of advanced technolo-gies,improving the quality control of medicines,and strengthening the means of drug regulation in China.This review provides a comprehensive introduction of the main features of and changes to the general chapters in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition and aims to provide reference for its correct understanding and accurate implementation.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestations,bacterial resistance to antibiotics and risk factors of mortality in pneumonia patients with Acinetobacter baumannii(AB) positive in respiratory secretions.Methods Clinical datas of pneumonia patients with AB positive in respiratory secretions in ICU from June 2012 to June 2017 were analyzed.According to the 28 day survival after diagnosis,the patients were divided into death group and survival group.Univariate and multivariate Logistic analysis were used to examine the risk factors of AB positive patients.Results This study included 98 patients.The 28 day mortality was 54.1％.The independent risk factors of mortality were:merge coronary heart disease(OR =38.3,95％ CI:1.81-720.10,P =0.019),high APACHE Ⅱ score (OR =3.47,95％ CI:1.30-12.81,P=0.043),prolonged APTT(OR =1.32,95％ CI:1.03-1.71,P=0.037),high levels of PCT(OR=2.78,95％ CI:1.30-7.02,P =0.023).APACHE Ⅱ scores and patients died from AB culture positive time was significantly negative correlation,r =-0.601,P =0.000.Whether the application of antibiotics for AB was not clearly affected by the prognosis.Conclusion Merge coronary heart disease,high APACHE Ⅱ score,prolonged APTT,high levels of PCT are independent risk factors for AB culture positive patients.In particular,merge coronary heart disease and the severity of the underlying disease determine the patient's prognosis.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of vertigo and related risk factors in middle school students in the city of Xi'an. METHOD: A cross-section study was used to investigate on vertigo among middle school students. Questionnaire ,ear examination and auditory tests were carried out by the staff who received special training. Multiple Logistic regression models were used to analyze the relative influential factors about vertigo. RESULT: There were 1567 middle school students who underwent a complete investigation. The participants comprised 793 males (50.6%) and 774 females (49.4%). The overall prevalence of vertigo was 5.6%. No significant difference of the prevalence was found between males (4.7%) and females (6.5%) (P > 0.05). The use of MP3 or MP4, insomnia and history of middle ear infections or ototoxic drugs ingestion were the main risk factors for vertigo (odds ratio: 2.837, 5.582, 2.808 and 1.695, respectively). CONCLUSION Vertigo has an influence on the study and living of the students. More researches are urgently needed on prevention and treatment of vertigo.
Adolescent ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Prevalence ; Schools ; Students ; Vertigo ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analysis the clinical data of facial nerve defects repair with greater auricular nerve graft. METHOD: The transmastoid approach was adopted to repair the facial nerve defects by means of nerve grafting. Preoperative and postoperative facial nerve functions were graded according to the House-Brackmann scale. RESULT: The patterns of temporal bone fracture in the 8 patients were longitudinal, most lesions occurred in the region of the second genu and its surrounding, preoperatively, all patients had Grade VI function. In 3 patients of facial nerve tumors, the tumors involved multiple nerve segments, and histologic results were all schwannomas, preoperatively, 1 case had Grade III function, 2 cases had Grade V function. In 2 patients of iatrogenic trauma of the facial nerve, the primary disease was chronic otitis media with cholesteatoma, the lesions were localized at the mastoid segment and the second genu respectively. In 1 patient of molten steel burn, the lesions was localized at the tympanic segment, preoperative facial nerve function was Grade VI. In addition to 3 cases lost to follow-up, the remaining patients, 4 recovered to a Grade III, 3 to a Grade VI, 2 to a Grade V and 2 remained at Grade VI. CONCLUSION In present study, the most common cause of facial nerve transection was temporal bone fracture. Facial nerve reconstruction by means of greater auricular nerve grafting was a practical and effective method, the best postoperative recovery of facial nerve function was Grade III.
Adult ; Cranial Nerves ; transplantation ; Ear ; innervation ; Facial Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Facial Paralysis ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mastoid ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Regeneration ; Neurosurgical Procedures ; methods ; Retrospective Studies ; Temporal Bone ; injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To understand the usage of MP3 and effects on hearing of middle school students in Xi'an, and discuss controlling strategies. METHOD: Stratified random cluster sampling method was used in the 1567 middle school students in Xi'an through questionnaire survey, ear examination and hearing examination, data were analysed by the SPSS13.0 statistical software. RESULT: 1) The rate of holding MP3 in the middle school students was 85.2%. Average daily use time was (1.41 +/- 1.11) h. 2) The noise group of pure tone hearing threshold was significantly higher compared with the control group (P<0.01), and increased the detection rate of hearing loss with the increasing use of MP3. 3) The detection rate of symptoms increased with the increasing use of MP3. CONCLUSION The usage of MP3 can harm hearing in middle school students, which can result in neurasthenic syndrome.
Adolescent ; Audiometry, Pure-Tone ; Auditory Threshold ; Data Collection ; Female ; Hearing Loss ; etiology ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; MP3-Player ; Male ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires