AIM: To investigate the effects of melatonin (MT) on the immunological function in colon of rats immunological colitis. METHODS: The rats colitis was produced by enema with trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid and ethanol. The experiment groups included normal group, model group, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group (100 mg?kg~(-1)), MT groups (2.5,5.0,10.0 mg?kg~(-1)), and treated intracolon with saline, saline, 5-ASA and MT respectively (once per day, from the d7 after the establishment of colitis model to the end of the experiment). The content of interleukin (IL-1, IL-2) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-? in rats colon were detected; The inflammatory colon were homogenatized and incubated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and designed as control group, model group, 5-ASA group (100?mol/L), MT groups(0.01, 0.1, 1.0 mmol/L). The content of IL-1, IL-2, TNF-?, nitric oxide (NO), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and malondiadehyde (MDA) in the supernant were detected. RESULTS: In model group, the contents of IL-1, IL-2 and TNF-? in colon elevated remarkably and MT depressed this effectively. In the inflammatory colon homogenates of rats colitis, the content of IL-1, IL-2, TNF-?, NO, LDH, MPO and MDA elevated remarkably, Pretreation with MT depressed the content of IL-1, TNF-?, LDH, MPO and MDA effectively. MT (1.0mmol/L) also reduced the production of NO obviously. CONCLUSION: The abnormal immunological function is shown obviously in rats colitis. MT normalizes this change in vivo and in vitro and attenuates the mucosal damage.

Objective: To compare the effect of combined therapy using lamivudine (LAM) plus adefovir (ADV) versus telbivudine (LdT) plus adefovir corresponding to the renal function of CHB patients. Methods: A total of 120 patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. According to single daily dosing, they were divided into 4 groups: LdT + ADV group (n = 32), ADV+LdT group (n = 28), LAM + ADV group (n = 38) and ADV + LAM group (n = 22). Hepatorenal function, HBV serological markers, HBV DNA quantification, creatine kinase (CK) and other parameters were examined every 3 months. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization rate, undetectable HBV DNA rate, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion rate, level of serum creatinine (CR) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were analyzed at baseline time, and at weeks 24 and 52.Stastical data were analyzed by t- test and analysis of variance, count data using χ ² test. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the four groups in terms of ALT normalization rate, HBeAg seroconversion rate, undetectable HBV DNA rate at 24 and 52 weeks. Compared with baseline, at 24 weeks of treatment, there was no significant change in serum creatinine and eGFR in the 4 groups, but after 52 weeks of treatment, serum creatinine decreased in LdT + ADV and ADV + LdT groups and eGFR increased (P < 0.05); Serum creatinine in ADV and ADV + LAM increased, and eGFR was decreased than before (P < 0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in renal function between the four groups at 24 weeks, but at week 52, eGFR increased and serum creatinine decreased in LdT + ADV group compared with LAM + ADV group (P < 0.05); ADV + LdT Compared with ADV + LAM group, eGFR increased and serum creatinine decreased (P < 0.05). At 52 weeks of treatment, 5 patients with mildly impaired renal function in the ADV + LdT group [n = 10, eGFR 60-90 ml·min^-1 ·(1.73 m²)^-1] returned to normal, and none of the ADV + LAM group (n = 9) returned to normal. Conclusion For patients with mild impaired renal function, adding LdT combined with ADV can improve renal function compared to that of LAM plus ADV.