Insulinoma is the most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.Surgical removal or enucleation is the most commonly used treatment.Insulinomas are usually benign,solitary and small.So they are theoretically the good indication for radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treatment.In 2009,Limmer et al ever reported the first case of insulinoma who were successfully treated by RFA.To date,5 similar articles in English have been published,reporting 7 cases in total.In the recent year,we successfully treated 2 cases with insulinoma (one in pancreatic cauda and the other in pancreatic body).All the 2 cases got complete remission with quick alleviation of clinical symptoms and without conplications.The data of these 9 cases showed that RFA is a safe and effective treatment for insulinoma,and for selected patients,it can be recommended as a treatment of first choice.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics of empyema caused by Streptococcus anginosus (SA).Methods The clinical data in 9 cases of SA caused empyema admitted and treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from January 2016 to September 2023 were analyzed ret-rospectively,summarized the clinical characteristics of empyema caused by SA.Results Among 9 patients,there were 8 males and 1 female,with a mean age of (60.8±12.8)years old.All patients had the underlying diseases,meanwhile were accompanied by fever,expectoration,chest pain and dyspnea.The onset time was (6.1±2.2)d.The hospitalization time was (19.33±7.48)d.All patients showed the increase in white blood cells (WBC),C reactive protein (CRP),procalcitonin (PCT),D-dimer (D-D) and pleural effusion lactic dehy-drogenase (LDH),and decrease in blood albumin (ALB) and pleural effusion glucose (GLU).Most of the pa-tients had elevation of adenosine deaminase (ADA) in pleural fluid.Four patients had respiratory failure.The drug sensitivity test results of pleural effusion culture suggested five patients were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin.One patient was resistant to ceftriaxone.Nine patients were improved after symptomatic treatment such as anti-infection,closed thoracic drainage and nutritional support.Conclusion The patients with SA caused empye-ma are more common in elderly patients with underlying diseases.The incubation period is short,the hospital stay is long,the infection indexes are high,malnutrition exists,and the resistance rate to erythromycin and clindamycin is high.