Aim To study the preventive and therapeutic effects of Buyang Huanwu Decoction(BYHWD)on denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats.Methods After 60 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to Common Peroneal nerve crush model of 5 mm injury, they were randomly divided into 6 groups for daily intragastric administration of drugs:BYHWD high-dose, medium-dose, low-dose groups, mecobalamin group(positive control), model group, sham operation group.The drug administration lasted for 18 days.18 days after operation, slice, masson staining and analysis morphology were performed. The wet weight ratio and section area of tibial muscle were also measured.Results Tibial muscle section area of sham operation group was large, morphous was regular, while that of model group significantly diminished, structure was chaotic, and connective tissue hyperplasia was more obvious;Tibial muscle section area of BYHWD group and mecobalamin group was fairly diminished, morphous was fairly regular, and connective tissue hyperplasia was not obvious.Compared with model group, the section area of BYHWD group all increased significantly(P <0.01)in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with mecobalamin group, the cross section area of BYHWD high-dose group was significantly larger(P <0.05).Compared with model group, the wet weight ratio of BYHWD high-dose and medium-dose group all increased significantly(P <0.01 or P <0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion BYHWD has a significant effect of prevention and therapy on denervated tibial muscle atrophy of rats.