Diclofenac potassium delayed-sustained release pellets were prepared by double-layer coating method with ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion.The effects of release condition and pellet compositions on the in vitro drug release were evaluated.The formulation was optimized by the central composite design-response surface methodology.It was shown that the pH of the media greatly affected the in vitro drug release of the pellets while the viscosity of the media had little influence.Drug release from the pellets was related to the proportion of the inner coat to the outer coat and the amount of pore forming agent in the outer coat.The optimization of the formulation could be achieved by the central composite design-response surface methodology.

ColV~+ strains of Escherichia coli produced larger inhibitory zones when these strains grown on nutrient agar containing phosphate after overlaid sensitive indicators. This appears that production of colicin V is increased by the addition of phosphate to nutrient agar. It was sure that stimulation of phosphate to colicin V formation results from its effect in reducing divalent cation levels in nutrient agar since adding EDTA to nutrient agar had the same effect as phosphate, but the addition of Mg~(2+) or Ca~(2+) had the oppsite effect. Therefore nutrient agar supplemented with phosphate can be used to isolate and identificate ColV~+ strains of E. coli.

Objective To observe the influence of taurine supplementation during early postnatal life on body weight and ultrastructure of islet ? cells in neonatal rats with low birth weight(LBW).Methods LBW neonatal rats were made by feeding 20%(C group) or 10%(R group) protein diet to fetal rats during gestation and lactation.Half of femal rats in group R were given a supplementation with 2.5% taurine drinking water(RT group) only during lactation,while other femal rats freely drunk.At postnatal day 1 and 21,the neonatal rats were weighted and their pancreas were removed.The ultrastructural changes of ? cells were observed by electron microscopy.Results At postnatal 21 days,the body weight of offsprings in group RT was significantly highter than that in group R(P=0.003);and the ultrastructure of ? cells in group RT got more improvement than that in group R.Conclusion Taurine supplementation can improve the growth-catch-up and the ultrastructure of islet ? cells of neonateal rats with LBW.

Background In the past few decades,the balance of Th1/Th2 is often used to explain the immune mechanisms of fungal infection and fungal disease.More recently,a novel subset of CD4+ effector Th cells has been found to participate in anti-fungal infection response.However,whether Th17 is involved in the immune response in fungal keratitis is unclear up to now.Objective Present study was to investigate the expression change of Th17 type cytokine and its specific transcription factor,retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt),in the cornea of Fusarium solani keratitis.Methods Ninety-six clean BALB/c mice were divided into Fusarium solani keratitis model group and control group by randomized digital table.Fusarium solani keratitis models were established by epikeratophakia-assisted corneal epithelial erasion and interlayerly injection of 5 μl (1 × 106 CFU/ml) Fusarium solani solution in the right eyes,and the equal volume of PBS was injected in the same way in the control group.10％ KOH wet film was used to examine the fungal hyphea and funga strain was identified by inoculation.The corneas were examined under the slit lamp microscope 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling and the inflammatory response was scored based on the criteria of Wu and Hu.The histopathological examination of corneas was performed in the time points above.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA and RORγt mRNA in the corneas.The expression of IL-17 protein in the corneas was detected by ELISA.The use and raise of the mice followed the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results The inflammatory scores were 3.2±0.8,6.6± 1.1,9.4± 1.1 and 6.8±0.8 in 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling,showing a significant difference among them (F =89.786,P =0.010).The inflammatory scores were higher in the third and seventh day than that in the first day (P＜0.05),but they were significantly lower than that in the fifth day (P＜0.05).The infiltration of inflammatory cells showed a coincident tendency with the score.The expressing levels of IL-17 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt) in the corneas were 4.12±0.73,20.72±1.81 and 14.16±1.88 in 3,5,7 days after modeling,with statistically significant differences in comparison with those in the control group (P＜0.01),and the expression level was significantly higher in the fifth day than those in the first,third and seventh day in the model group(P＜0.01).The expression levels of IL-17 protein (ng/g) were significantly increased 1 day,3,5,7 days in the model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01).A similar change was found in the expression of RORγt mRNA to that of IL-17 mRNA.Conclusions Expressions of IL-17 and its transcription factor RORγt upregulate in the fungal keratitis and has an association with inflammatory degree,which suggests that Th17 subset may play an important role in the immune responses of fungal keratitis.

The concentrations of berberine (BBR) and 8-cetylberberine (8-BBR-C16) in rat plasma and tissue were determined by RP-HPLC. Both the plasma pharmacokinetics characteristic and tissue distribution differences of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 were compared to provide experimental data for the mechanism research and further drug development. After the oral administrations of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1) for rats, the pharmacokinetics result showed that compared with BBR, the C(max) and AUC(0-t), of 8-BBR-C16 increased by 2.8 times and 12.9 times respectively, t1/2 extended from 3.61 h to 11.90 h. The tissue distribution result showed that compared with BBR, the concentration of 8-BBR-C16 in various organizations increased and the retention time extended remarkably. The maximum concentration was achieved in lung and the highest concentration in it was 3 731.82 ng x g(-1). After being derived, the C(max) in plasma and bioavailability of 8-BBR-C16 increased remarkably and the circulation time in vivo extended. The drug concentration in tissue increased remarkably, and the distribution ratio changed too, with strong targeting selection in lung.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUND:Posterior lamina resection often causes loss of spinal stability, so screw rod internal fixation technology is needed to maintain the stability of lumbar spine. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the stress distribution of the spine and internal fixation system after spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To build three-dimensional finite element model of spinal L1 to L3, analyze the spinal stability and stress distribution after the total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw using finite element method. METHODS: L1-L3 CT data could be colected from an adult healthy male volunteer. Mimics14.01, 3-matic(V6.0) and Ansys 15.0 could be used to set up the intact lumbar spine finite element model of L1-L3 (group A), the L1-L3 finite element model after L2 total laminectomy (group B), and the finite element model of L2 total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw (group C). We used software to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, and three kinds of models received finite element analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Based on the maximum of Von Mises under different motion states, the maximum stress was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P< 0.05). The maximum stress was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05). (2) Based on the total deformation under different motion states, the total deformation was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The total deformation was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (3) After the total laminectomy, vertebral body stress increased, especialy in the lamina, pedicle and joints. The range of motion of the vertebral body increased, which influenced the stability of the vertebral body. Internal fixation could decrease range of motion. Stress concentrated on the screw. Stress on the vertebral plate and pedicle decreased. The stability of vertebral body increased. Excessive stress concentrated on screw system wil increase the risk of screw breakage.

Objective To study the clinical value of using a four-point method (FP) in measuring joint angles.Method Methods Twenty-five subjects without knee dysfunction were studied.Every knee joint was tested in extension,below 90° of flexion and above 90° of flexion with the traditional three-point method (TP) and the new four-point method.X-rays were taken as a gold standard measurement.The reliability and validity were analyzed using Bland-Altman plots,which can yield 95% limits of agreement (LOA).Results (1) The joint axis centers moved with changes in joint angle.(2) The 95% LOA of inter-tester reliability was (-5.0,2.7) with the FP and (-6.5,4.4) with the TP.The 95% LOAs of intra-tester reliability were (-3.6,4.0) for tester A and (-4.1,4.8) for tester B with the FP,while (-5.0,6.4) for tester A and (-6.1,5.8) for tester B with the TP.(3) The 95% LOAs in the three positions were (3.5,2.6) in extension,(-3.3,3.6) in mild flexion and (-1.9,5.7) in greater flexion with the FP,and ( 6.8,1.1),(-4.0,7.1) and (0,8.5) with the TP.Conclusions The FP gives better reliability and validity than the TP in joint angle measurement.

Objective To establish a new determination method for the measuring of alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) with p-acetyl phenyl phosphace (PAP-PNa_2) as substrate.Methods With the help of Vital semiautomatic analyzer,researched a continuous-monitoring procedure and set up experimental parameters.Results When using this assay,the wavelength of PAP's absorption was 325 nm and the Km of ALP was 0.376 mmol/L.The molecular extinction coefficient of PAP at 340 nm was 23 390 L?mol~(-1)? cm~(-1) and the concentration of citrate buffer was 0.438 mol/L.During the process,we found that the optimum pH of enzyme was 10.4,and the concentration of substrate was 5.0 mmol/L.The time of linear reaction was 900 seconds,and the linear range was 0-1 110 U/L.Serum total ALP were 63.1-118.3 U/ L(male) and 52.5-89.0 U/L(female),based on results from 60 heath adults.Conclusions The method is practical in its repetition and convenience,saves time and is not liable to be affected by bilirubin in serum.It is especially suited to the use of automatic analyzers.

Purple bacteria are extensively used in bacterial photosynthesis research. This review describes the structure of light-harvesting I, light-harvesting II and reaction center of photosynthetic apparatus of pur- ple bacteria and discusses the regulation mechanisms of photosynthesis (PS) gene transcription, with an emphasis laid on the transcriptional regulation of PS gene by PpsR/AppA system.