Diclofenac potassium delayed-sustained release pellets were prepared by double-layer coating method with ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion.The effects of release condition and pellet compositions on the in vitro drug release were evaluated.The formulation was optimized by the central composite design-response surface methodology.It was shown that the pH of the media greatly affected the in vitro drug release of the pellets while the viscosity of the media had little influence.Drug release from the pellets was related to the proportion of the inner coat to the outer coat and the amount of pore forming agent in the outer coat.The optimization of the formulation could be achieved by the central composite design-response surface methodology.

ColV~+ strains of Escherichia coli produced larger inhibitory zones when these strains grown on nutrient agar containing phosphate after overlaid sensitive indicators. This appears that production of colicin V is increased by the addition of phosphate to nutrient agar. It was sure that stimulation of phosphate to colicin V formation results from its effect in reducing divalent cation levels in nutrient agar since adding EDTA to nutrient agar had the same effect as phosphate, but the addition of Mg~(2+) or Ca~(2+) had the oppsite effect. Therefore nutrient agar supplemented with phosphate can be used to isolate and identificate ColV~+ strains of E. coli.

Background In the past few decades,the balance of Th1/Th2 is often used to explain the immune mechanisms of fungal infection and fungal disease.More recently,a novel subset of CD4+ effector Th cells has been found to participate in anti-fungal infection response.However,whether Th17 is involved in the immune response in fungal keratitis is unclear up to now.Objective Present study was to investigate the expression change of Th17 type cytokine and its specific transcription factor,retinoid-related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt),in the cornea of Fusarium solani keratitis.Methods Ninety-six clean BALB/c mice were divided into Fusarium solani keratitis model group and control group by randomized digital table.Fusarium solani keratitis models were established by epikeratophakia-assisted corneal epithelial erasion and interlayerly injection of 5 μl (1 × 106 CFU/ml) Fusarium solani solution in the right eyes,and the equal volume of PBS was injected in the same way in the control group.10％ KOH wet film was used to examine the fungal hyphea and funga strain was identified by inoculation.The corneas were examined under the slit lamp microscope 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling and the inflammatory response was scored based on the criteria of Wu and Hu.The histopathological examination of corneas was performed in the time points above.Real time fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) mRNA and RORγt mRNA in the corneas.The expression of IL-17 protein in the corneas was detected by ELISA.The use and raise of the mice followed the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results The inflammatory scores were 3.2±0.8,6.6± 1.1,9.4± 1.1 and 6.8±0.8 in 1 day,3,5,7 days after modeling,showing a significant difference among them (F =89.786,P =0.010).The inflammatory scores were higher in the third and seventh day than that in the first day (P＜0.05),but they were significantly lower than that in the fifth day (P＜0.05).The infiltration of inflammatory cells showed a coincident tendency with the score.The expressing levels of IL-17 mRNA (2-ΔΔCt) in the corneas were 4.12±0.73,20.72±1.81 and 14.16±1.88 in 3,5,7 days after modeling,with statistically significant differences in comparison with those in the control group (P＜0.01),and the expression level was significantly higher in the fifth day than those in the first,third and seventh day in the model group(P＜0.01).The expression levels of IL-17 protein (ng/g) were significantly increased 1 day,3,5,7 days in the model group compared with the control group (P＜0.01).A similar change was found in the expression of RORγt mRNA to that of IL-17 mRNA.Conclusions Expressions of IL-17 and its transcription factor RORγt upregulate in the fungal keratitis and has an association with inflammatory degree,which suggests that Th17 subset may play an important role in the immune responses of fungal keratitis.

Objective To observe the influence of taurine supplementation during early postnatal life on body weight and ultrastructure of islet ? cells in neonatal rats with low birth weight(LBW).Methods LBW neonatal rats were made by feeding 20%(C group) or 10%(R group) protein diet to fetal rats during gestation and lactation.Half of femal rats in group R were given a supplementation with 2.5% taurine drinking water(RT group) only during lactation,while other femal rats freely drunk.At postnatal day 1 and 21,the neonatal rats were weighted and their pancreas were removed.The ultrastructural changes of ? cells were observed by electron microscopy.Results At postnatal 21 days,the body weight of offsprings in group RT was significantly highter than that in group R(P=0.003);and the ultrastructure of ? cells in group RT got more improvement than that in group R.Conclusion Taurine supplementation can improve the growth-catch-up and the ultrastructure of islet ? cells of neonateal rats with LBW.

The concentrations of berberine (BBR) and 8-cetylberberine (8-BBR-C16) in rat plasma and tissue were determined by RP-HPLC. Both the plasma pharmacokinetics characteristic and tissue distribution differences of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 were compared to provide experimental data for the mechanism research and further drug development. After the oral administrations of BBR and 8-BBR-C16 at the dose of 80 mg x kg(-1) for rats, the pharmacokinetics result showed that compared with BBR, the C(max) and AUC(0-t), of 8-BBR-C16 increased by 2.8 times and 12.9 times respectively, t1/2 extended from 3.61 h to 11.90 h. The tissue distribution result showed that compared with BBR, the concentration of 8-BBR-C16 in various organizations increased and the retention time extended remarkably. The maximum concentration was achieved in lung and the highest concentration in it was 3 731.82 ng x g(-1). After being derived, the C(max) in plasma and bioavailability of 8-BBR-C16 increased remarkably and the circulation time in vivo extended. The drug concentration in tissue increased remarkably, and the distribution ratio changed too, with strong targeting selection in lung.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacokinetics ; Biological Availability ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Rats ; Tissue Distribution

BACKGROUND:Posterior lamina resection often causes loss of spinal stability, so screw rod internal fixation technology is needed to maintain the stability of lumbar spine. Finite element analysis can be used to simulate the stress distribution of the spine and internal fixation system after spinal surgery. OBJECTIVE: To build three-dimensional finite element model of spinal L1 to L3, analyze the spinal stability and stress distribution after the total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw using finite element method. METHODS: L1-L3 CT data could be colected from an adult healthy male volunteer. Mimics14.01, 3-matic(V6.0) and Ansys 15.0 could be used to set up the intact lumbar spine finite element model of L1-L3 (group A), the L1-L3 finite element model after L2 total laminectomy (group B), and the finite element model of L2 total laminectomy and insertion of bilateral pedicle screw (group C). We used software to simulate flexion, extension, lateral bending and axial rotation, and three kinds of models received finite element analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Based on the maximum of Von Mises under different motion states, the maximum stress was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P< 0.05). The maximum stress was significantly lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05). (2) Based on the total deformation under different motion states, the total deformation was significantly lower in group A than in group B (P < 0.05). The total deformation was significantly lower in group C than in groups A and B (P < 0.05). (3) After the total laminectomy, vertebral body stress increased, especialy in the lamina, pedicle and joints. The range of motion of the vertebral body increased, which influenced the stability of the vertebral body. Internal fixation could decrease range of motion. Stress concentrated on the screw. Stress on the vertebral plate and pedicle decreased. The stability of vertebral body increased. Excessive stress concentrated on screw system wil increase the risk of screw breakage.

Heroin addicts were treated with acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and acupuncture plus Chinese herbs respectively, their effects were compared with that of Western medicine.The scores of withdrawal symptoms were observed continuously for 20 days. The effect of acupuncture was better than that of Western medicine 48 hours after the withdrawal treatment (P＜ 0.05), and better than that of other three methods 72 hours after the withdrawal treatment, (P ＜ 0.01). Acupuncture, Chinese herbs, and acupuncture plus Chinese herbs have the detoxification effects of varying degrees, in particular acupuncture' effect was the best. But all the therapies could not completely improve the withdrawal symptoms in the first 3 days of treatment, and acupuncture plus Chinese herbs had no synergetic effect in treating withdrawal symptoms.

Purpose To confirm the effects of acupuncture, and Chinese medicines in controlling the withdrawal symptoms from the opium-like drugs. Method 96 heroin-dependent subjects were divided into four groups,which were treated respectively by western medicine (Agroup), acupuncture (B group), Chinese herbs (Cgroup), and acupuncture & Chinese herbs (D group).Before, during and after treatment, the concentration of serum testosterone and prolactin, and immune functions (serum CD3+ 、CD4+ 、CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ ) were tested.Results After treatment, the concentration of serum testosterone in A and B group were higher than before and during treatment, and in C and D group, during treatment were higher. In the four groups, the concentration of serum prolactin before treatment was the highest. The levels of CD3+、CD4+、 CD8+ and CD4+/CD8+ were lowest before treatment and highest after treatment. Conclusion Acupuncture and Chinese medicines effective in relieving spasm and pain can control the opium-like drug withdrawal symptoms to different degrees, especially acupuncture. However, acupuncture cannot ease the withdrawal symptoms completely. Acupuncture does not strikingly cooperate with the Chinese medicines effective in relieving spasm and pain (including M-receptor antagonists). In detoxification, the Jiaji points are the primary ones and symptom-based points the secondary ones.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of combination chemotherapy of gemcitabine and cisplatin by double way plus implantation of radioactive seed 125I implantation in treating stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer. Methods Sixty cases with stage Ⅲ non-small cell lung cancer were randomly divided into two groups with random number table. In group A (in interventional treatment group, n = 30),the gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 and one third of the cisplatin 100 mg/m2 was given using seldinger technique for transcatheter bronchial arterial infusion chemotherapy on day 1. Two-thirds of the cisplatin 100 mg/m2 was infused in veins on day 2 and 3. The gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 was infused in veins on day 8, 21 days for a period. In group B (interventional - 125I groups), the method of combination chemotherapy of gemcitabine and cisplatin was the same as in Group A. After ten days of arterial perfusion, 125I seeds were implantated, 21 days for a period. All patients received at least 2 cycles. The imaging evaluation of patients after treatment standards included complete remission (CR), partial remission (PR), stable (SD),progressive disease (PD), effective rate (CR + PR)/30 and clinical benefit rate (CR + PR + SD)/30.Non-parametric rank sum test was used to compare short-term effect of the two groups treatment of two cycles.x2 test was used to compare year survival, Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate median survival,log-rank test method was used to difference between the groups. Results In group A, there were 17 PR,9SD and 4 PD. The overall response rate was 56. 7% (17/30) and clinical beneficial rate was 86. 7% (26/30). In Group B, there were 2 CR, 21 PR, 7 SD. The overall response rate was 76.7% (23/30) and clinical beneficial rate was 100% (30/30). There was significant difference between the two groups (P =0. 036). In group A, the 1 year survival rate was 46. 7% (14/30) and the 2 year survival rate was 36. 7%(11/30), median survival time (MST) was 10 months . In group B, the 1 year survival rate was 76. 7%(23/30) and the 2 year survival rate was 63. 3% (19/30) , median survival time (MST) was 27 months.There was a significant difference between two group in 1 year survival rate (P = 0. 017), 2 year survival rate (P = 0. 039) and median survival time (P = 0. 006). Conclusion The treatment effects of Ⅲ stage non-small cell lung cancer by gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy with double way plus radioactive seed 125I implantation was better than gemcitabine and cisplatin combination chemotherapy with double way.