Burns ; immunology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; immunology ; Humans ; Infection ; immunology ; Macrophages ; immunology ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; immunology ; NF-kappa B ; immunology ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Transcription Factor AP-1 ; immunology

Objective]The article summarizes in diagnosis and treatment of dysmenorrhea academic thoughts and characteristics of drug use. [Methods] Summary by readingtext and access to a large number of relevant literature,the history of famous experts,combined with the actual clinical, summarized his main syndrome differentiation and treatment of dysmenorrhea thought and medication. [Results] Fu Qingzhu according to the onset of time divided into 5 types of dysmenorrhea, menstruation comes or breaks suddenly when pain exists or disappears, the menstruation upcoming accompanies abdomen ache, abdominal pain after menstruation,the menstruation upcoming lower abdominal pain and hematemesis and the umbilicus pain when the menstruation upcoming.Fu Qingzhu thought according to the pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea mainly with the liver, spleen and kidney three organs close relationship, the syndrome is stagnation of the liver qi and blood deficiency, liver depression of the fire, kidney deficiency and liver qi stagnation and reversal of liver qi, deficiency of spleen Yang, treatment with soothing liver and reinforcing kidney mainly.[Conclusion] Fu Qingzhu ’s idea in the dysmenorrhea was analyzed in detail, and pointed out the mistakes in the syndrome differentiation and put forward the original opinion and treatment of medicine, in order to inherit traditional Chinese medicine academic, improve the curative effect of dysmenorrhea.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of treating uterine muscle tumor conservatively with the use of Guizhifulin capsules and mifepristone.Methods 36 outpatients suitable for conservative therapy after gynecological and B ultrasonic checking were studied.Each patient took orally 3 capusles of Guizhifulin each time,three times a day.Meanwhile each one took orally 12.5mg mifepristone once a day,three months as a course of treatment.The size of uterine muscle tumor and the variations of symptom were observed.Results 2 cases were totally recovered,11 cases had obvious effects,22 cases had some effects,the whole effective rate was 97%.Conclusion It is an ideal,safe,convenient,medicament therapy to treat uterine muscle tumor by using Guizhifulin capsules combined with mifepristone,which has apparent curative effects but little side effects or low tate of recurrence.

Objective To investigate the infection status of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in a Lhasa hospital.Methods A retrospective survey of Hp infection from 2009 to 2013 was conducted in Lhasa People's Hospital.The data of 14C-urea breath test and gastroscopy were analyzed.Results A total of 2 908 patients were enrolled,1 518 (52.20％) were Hp positive,including 1 061 males (1 061/1 939,54.72％) and 457 females (457/969,47.16％).The Hp infection rate in males was higher than that in females (x2 =14.788,P =0.000).The Hp infection rate by years from 2009 to 2013 was 55.97％ (267/477),49.79％ (239/480),54.66％ (375/686),52.06％ (291/559) and 49.15％ (347/706),respectively.The infection rate in 2013 was significantly lower than that in 2009 and 2011 (P =0.021,0.040).There were no significant differences in Hp infection rates among Tibetan,Han and Hui ethnic groups.In 2020 cases who underwent endoscopic examination,1 098 had Hp positive (54.36％).The Hp infection rate in chronic superficial gastritis group(39.91％) was significantly lower than that in erosive gastritis (x2 =30.143,P =0.000),gastric ulcer (x2 =22.434,P =0.000),gastric polyps (x2 =9.627,P=0.002),gastric cancer (x2 =9.506,P =0.002),duodenal ulcer (x2 =54.158,P =0.000),duodenitis (x2 =14.966,P =0.000) and compound ulcer groups (x2 =8.582,P =0.003).The Hp infection rate in duodenal ulcer group (68.42％) was significantly higher than that in chronic superficial gastritis (x2 =54.158,P =0.000),erosive gastritis (x2 =6.733,P =0.009),atrophic gastritis (x2 =21.496,P =0.000) and gastric ulcer groups (x2 =8.940,P =0.003).Conclusion Hp infection rate appears a decreasing trend in Lhasa area in last 5 years; among various gastro-duodenal diseases patients with duodenal ulcer have a highest Hp infection rate.

Objective To explore the examination methods about stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque and evaluate the curative effect of medicine on carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 150 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque in acute stage ischemic stroke were divided into treatment group and control group at random.Stable or instable plaques were assessed and carotid artery intima-media thickness(IMT) were measured according to the characteristics of carotid atherosclerotic plaque on supersound imagin.The treatment in treatment group were different from that in control group.The therapeutic efficacy was observed respectively.Results After the treatment 1 month and 3 months,in treatment group carotid artery IMT decreaced more than that at accidence of treatment group and that of control group,the carotid atherosclerotic plaques stabilizese increasingly.Conclusion The stability of carotid atherosclerotic plaque may be evaluated through the ultrasound imagin.Statin and aspirin can lighten carotid atherosclerosis and stabilize the plaque.

Objective To explore the ultrasound images features of breast infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Methods Retrospective analysis of operation pathology ,55 patients diagnosed preoperatively infiltrating ductal carcinoma of color Doppler ultrasound diagnostic information. Results Before operation, 55 patients with breast tumors had color Doppler shows in 49 cases,no color doppler showed 6 cases,color Doppler shows with pathologic diagnosis is 89.1%. An infiltrating ductal carcinoma ultrasound image characteristics:the larger mass was irregular form,no coated, posterior acoustic attenuation,burr levy ,and crabs foot shape more inside,bump such change for not uniformity hypoechoic,with tiny clusters of calcified or irregular flare,shadow,blood flow distribution after silent for AlderⅡmore performance level Ⅲ,axillary lymph node enlargement,a different level hilus structure was clear,the peak systolic velocity in 12-80cm/s (average 35.1 cm/s ) , resistance index in 0.62-0.92 (average for 0.79 + 0.10). Conclusion Color doppler ultrasonography had important value in early diagnosis of infiltrating ductal carcinoma.

ObjectiveThis paper aims to probe into the effect of working and studying combined teaching reform of chnical medicine major.MethodsTwo classes containing 46 students respectively were selected at random as observation group and control group,from the six classes of Grade Two majoring in clinical medicine.The two groups of students were trained by adopting working and studying combined teaching model and traditional teaching model respectively,after which they were evaluated in terms of clinical theory,practical skills and operations,and exercitation achievement.ResultsThe observation group does better in practical skills and exercitation achievement than the control group,while they have no difference in clinical theory.ConclusionWorking and studying combined teaching model can improve students' clinical analytical ability,strengthen their awareness of medical morals,and help them achieve more in exercitation.

Objective To establish a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric ( LC-MS/MS ) for determination of clopidogrel in human plasma and stability of clopidogrel under different conditions,which was used subsequently to investigate the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel in healthy Chinese volunteers. Methods Clopidogrel-d4 hydrogen sulfate was used as an internal standard. Separation was achieved on a WATERS Xterra? RP18 column (4.6 mm× 100 mm,3.5μm) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid (66:34) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL.min-1 within 3.2 min. ESI source was applied and operated in positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Plasma samples were pretreated by acetonitrile precipitation. Results A good linearity of clopidogrel was obtained in the concentration range of ( 5-5 000 ) ng.L-1. The lower limit of quantification was 5 ng.L-1. The intra-and inter-run precisions at three quality control levels were within 1.3%–9.9%,the relative deviation of the assay was within -6.2%-14.3%. The blood samples were stable when chilled with crushed ice ( 0℃) and cold water ( 4℃) ,as well as kept at room temperature ( 20℃) for 40 min. The plasma QC samples were stable at room temperature ( 20 ℃) for 4 h,at -70℃ for 38 days and during three freeze-thaw cycles. Hemolysis in blood sample drawn didn’ t affect the plasma concentration. The determination and the result of incurred sample reanalysis met the requirements. Conclusion A specific, rapid, sensitive and stable LC-MS/MS method is developed and validated for determination of clopidogrel in human plasma. The method is proven to be suitable for study of the pharmacokinetics of clopidogrel in healthy Chinese volunteers after a single oral dose of 75 mg clopidogrel hydrogen sulphate tablet.

Objective: To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of seven constituents in Compound Yi’anning Pills (CYP). Methods: The determination was performed on Shim-pack GIST C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid (gradient elution: 0-5 min, 5% acetonitrile; 5-12 min, 5%-12% acetonitrile; 12-17 min, 12%-20% acetonitrile; 17-30 min, 20% acetonitrile; 30-36 min, 20%-50% acetonitrile; 36-45 min, 50%-80% acetonitrile; 45-70 min, 80% acetonitrile) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm for notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, and ginsenoside Rb1, 220 nm for schisantherrin A, 250 nm for schisandrin, 268 nm for salvianolic acid B, and 270 nm for tanshinone IIA. The column temperature was set at 35 ℃ and the injection volume was 10 μL. Results: The linear range of detection concentration was 0.015-0.150 mg/mL for notoginsenoside R1, 0.077-0.766 mg/mL for schisandrin, 0.006-0.062 mg/mL for salvianolic acid B, 0.009-0.092 mg/mL for buddleodide, 0.050-0.503 mg/mL for ginsenoside Rg1, 0.067-0.670 mg/mL for ginsenoside Rb1, and 0.011-0.108 mg/mL for tanshinone IIA. Average recoveries respectively were 99.5%, 99.8%, 99.2%, 98.9%, 96.9%, 98.8%, and 97.1%. Conclusion: The method is simple, effective, and accurate, which can be used for simultaneous determination of seven active constituents in CYP.

AIM　Diclofenac potassium sustained-release tablets were developed as a gel matrix for using twice daily and evaluated in vitro release characteristics. METHODS　The formulations were screened according to the designed in vitro release rate by the use of HPMC as the gel matrix and the hydrophobic retarding agent to modify the release. RESULTS　The release was properly characterized by the diffusion mechanism, influenced by pH of the media, slightly affected by the basket rotating speed, without the influences from the pressure exerted during the tabletting procedure. CONCLUSION　The selected formulation of diclofenac potassium sustained-release tablets could ensure the desired in vitro release rate. In addition, it proved a good manufacturing reproducibility.