The effects of saponins extracted from stems & leaves of Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer including the total ginsenoside ( GNS) , panaxad-iol saponin ( PDS ) & panaxatriol saponin ( PTS ) on the activities of Ca2+-ATPase & Mg2+-ATPase in rabbit cerebral microsomes were studied in vitro. It was found that GNS & PTS significantly inhibited the activities of Ca2+-ATPase & Mg2+-ATPase. The activity of Ca2+-ATPase was activated by PDS at the concentrations of 10 & 100mg/L, and it dramatically inhibited the activity of Ca2+-ATPase the concentration of 1000mg/L. Furthermore, the activity of Mg2+-ATPase was inhibited by PDS at the concentrations of 100 & 1000mg/L. Chlorpromazine ( 0 .35 & 0 .70 mmol/L ) possessed the inhibitory effects on the activities of both Ca2+-ATPase & Mg2+-ATPase.

Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Nutritional Support ; methods

Child ; Epidermal Cyst ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Nails, Malformed ; Skin Diseases ; Syndrome

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors ; pathology ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Male ; Twins

Diclofenac potassium delayed-sustained release pellets were prepared by double-layer coating method with ethylcellulose aqueous dispersion.The effects of release condition and pellet compositions on the in vitro drug release were evaluated.The formulation was optimized by the central composite design-response surface methodology.It was shown that the pH of the media greatly affected the in vitro drug release of the pellets while the viscosity of the media had little influence.Drug release from the pellets was related to the proportion of the inner coat to the outer coat and the amount of pore forming agent in the outer coat.The optimization of the formulation could be achieved by the central composite design-response surface methodology.

ColV~+ strains of Escherichia coli produced larger inhibitory zones when these strains grown on nutrient agar containing phosphate after overlaid sensitive indicators. This appears that production of colicin V is increased by the addition of phosphate to nutrient agar. It was sure that stimulation of phosphate to colicin V formation results from its effect in reducing divalent cation levels in nutrient agar since adding EDTA to nutrient agar had the same effect as phosphate, but the addition of Mg~(2+) or Ca~(2+) had the oppsite effect. Therefore nutrient agar supplemented with phosphate can be used to isolate and identificate ColV~+ strains of E. coli.

Aim To study the effect of ZD7288 on synaptic transmission in the pathway from perforant pathway (PP) fibers to CA3 region in rat hippocampus. Methods The extracellular recording technique in vivo was used to record the CA3 region field potentials. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection was applied to measure the content of amino acids in hippocampal tissues. The effect of ZD7288 and CsCl on the amplitudes of population spike (PS) in CA3 region evoked by stimulation (0.5 Hz) of the perforant pathway (PP) fibers, and the content of amino acids in hippocampal tissue were observed. Results Microinjection of ZD7288 (20, 100 and 200 nmol)and CsCl (1,5 and 10 μmol) into CA3 region decreased the population spike (PS) amplitudes in a dosedependent manner. The inhibitory effects appeared at 5 min after microinjection and lasted at least 90 min.In those rats treated with ZD7288 (100 nmol), the contents of glutamate, aspartate, glycine and GABA decreased significantly as compared to those of saline control ( all P＜0.01, except P＜0.05 for that of glycine). A similar decrease in the contents of amino acids was observed when the rats were microinjected with CsCl (5 μmol). Conclusion ZD7288 could obviously inhibit synaptic transmission in the pathway from PP fibers to CA3 region in rat hippocampus, and this action of ZD7288 may be associated with altered contents of amino acids.

Objective To establish mouse model of dementia by intracranial injection of A?25-35 and small amount of ibotenic acid(IBO) and to explore whether the effects of catalpol can affect the brain M receptor density and the short term memory. Methods The mice were randomly divided into three groups: control group,model group,treat group which were given orally for 2 months with 50 mg?kg-1?d-1 of catalpol.Dementia model was developed by single unilateral injection of 0.3 ?L of a solution of A?(1?L normal saline containing 4 ?g of A?25-35 and 1 ?g of ibotenic acid) into right basal ganglion region according the atlas of mouse brain with the aid of a stereotaxic equipment.The track of injection was observed by HE staining.The learning/memory ability was measured by Y-maze perfor-mance.The brain muscarinic receptor density was analyzed with single-site binding assay using 3H-quinuclidinyl benzilae(QNB).Results Two months after model development,the learning ability as well as the density of muscarinic receptor in brain were significantly decreased in model mice compared with those in control mice.Parallel models treated with daily oral administration of Catalpol for two months improved the learning ability and increased the brain muscarinic receptor density when compared with model mice.The correlation coefficient between total M receptor densities and the learning/memory ability was significant when examined with linear regresion.Conclusion A dementia model was established in mice.Dementia model was developed by single unilateral injection of 0.3 ?L of a solution of A?(1 ?L normal saline containing 4 ?g of A?25-35 and 1 ?g of ibotenic acid) into right basal ganglion region was established in mice.Catalpol can significantly improve the learning and increase the brain muscarinic receptor density of the model.

Objective To produce a hybridoma secreting stable monoclonal antibodies against Aβ22-35 and to develop a detection method for the assay of Aβ. Methods Spleen cells from Balb/cmice immunized with Aβ22-35-KLH were fused with mouse myeloma cells SP2/0. The techniques of immunoprecipitation and western blotting plus ECL were used to investigate the levels of Aβ in the rat brain. Results Two strains of hybridomas (3A8 and 3B2) secreting stable monoclonal antibodies raised against Aβ22-35 were obtained. The subtypes of Aβ22-35 were IgG3. The levels of Aβ in young and older rat brain were 9.8±2.8 and 13.36±2.65 (pmol/12mg brain tissues, x±s), respectively. Conclusion The Aβ22-35 mAb obtained had high titres and specificity. The levels of Aβ in the older rat brain were significantly increased as compared with the young one (P＜0.05).

Objective To observe the influence of taurine supplementation during early postnatal life on body weight and ultrastructure of islet ? cells in neonatal rats with low birth weight(LBW).Methods LBW neonatal rats were made by feeding 20%(C group) or 10%(R group) protein diet to fetal rats during gestation and lactation.Half of femal rats in group R were given a supplementation with 2.5% taurine drinking water(RT group) only during lactation,while other femal rats freely drunk.At postnatal day 1 and 21,the neonatal rats were weighted and their pancreas were removed.The ultrastructural changes of ? cells were observed by electron microscopy.Results At postnatal 21 days,the body weight of offsprings in group RT was significantly highter than that in group R(P=0.003);and the ultrastructure of ? cells in group RT got more improvement than that in group R.Conclusion Taurine supplementation can improve the growth-catch-up and the ultrastructure of islet ? cells of neonateal rats with LBW.