Objective To investigate etiology of the 18 -45 years young ischemic stroke and risk factors .Methods We retro-spectively analyzed clinical data of 106 cases patients with ischemic stroke ,carotid ultrasound ,MRA ,CTA ,DSA results analyzed e-tiology ,type .compared patients and the same period youth for the medical check with risk factors .Results The proportion of LAA、SOE in low ages had significant differences with high age(P<0 .05) .The proportion of LAA was 29 .2% and the proportion of SUE was 25 .4% ,On hypertension ,hyperlipidemia ,drinking ,smoking ,obesity ,diabetes ,heart disease ,high homocystine ,young stroke group had significant differences with young control group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion Youth main cause of ischemic stroke is large artery atherosclerotic stroke and unknown cause of stroke .The main youth ischemic stroke risk factors are smoking ,hyperten-sion ,hyperlipidemia ,diabetes ,drinking ,heart disease .

Objective To investigate the effect of Beraprost Sodium and atorvastatin in the treatment of TIA combined carotid plaques. Method 60 cases in our hospital with TIA and carotid artery plaques were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 30 cases in each group. The observation group was received beraprost natriuretic peptide and atorvastatin calcium therapy, the control group was treated with atorvastatin calcium. 12 months later,two groups were compared with carotid plaque area change and coagulation conditions. Results Carotid plaque area in observed group was significantly less than the control group (P<0.05). The differences of platelet agglutination test(PAgT), fibrinogen(Fg) , hypersensieive 3 C-reaction protein, total cholesterol(TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), TIA recurrence rate and incidence of ischemic stroke between two groups after treatment were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Beraprost Sodium and atorvastatin has a good effect in reducing carotid plaques area, adjusting blood fat and preventing TIA and ischemic stroke, It is worthy to clinical popularization and application.

ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with auricular acupoints patches and nicotine transdermal patch in treating moderate to severe nicotine dependence. MethodsIn a rando-mized controlled trial， 64 quit smoking voluntary subjects with moderate to severe nicotine dependence were randomly divided at a ratio of 1∶1 into a treatment group and a control group， with 32 cases in each group. The treatment group was given acupuncture combined with auricular acupoints patches， twice weekly， four weeks as a course for two courses. The control group was given nicotine transdermal patch， one patch per day for 24 hours， 8 weeks. The cure rate was assessed after treatment and at follow-up （the 16th week after treatment）.The daily smoking volume， exhaled carbon monoxide （CO） value， Nicotine Dependence Scale （FTND）， Minnesota Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms Scale （MNWS）， and Pittsburgh Sleepiness Index Inventory （PSQI） were evaluated before and after treatment and at follow-up， and adverse effects were recorded. ResultsIn terms of the cure rate， there were both six cured cases （20%） after treatment and at follow-up in the treatment group， while in the control group， seven （23.3%） and five （16.7%） patients were cured after treatment and at follow-up， respectively， with no statistically significant differences between the two groups both after treatment and at follow-up （P＞0.05）. The daily smoking volume and exhaled CO value significantly decreased after treatment and at follow-up in both groups （P＜0.05）， but were not significantly different between the groups after treatment and at follow-up （P＞0.05）. After treatment and at follow-up， FTND， MNWS， and PSQI scores were significantly reduced in both groups compared with those before treatment （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the FTND scale scores between the two groups after treatment and at follow-up （P＞0.05）， while the MNWS and PSQI scale scores were lower in the treatment group than in the control group （P＜0.05）. ConclusionAcupuncture combined with auricular acupoint patches for moderate to severe nicotine dependence has comparable effect with the first-line drug nicotine patch in terms of increasing the cure rate and decreasing the degree of nicotine dependence， and is superior to nicotine patch in terms of relieving withdrawal symptoms and improving sleep， with stable long-term effect.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Surgery remains the primary and most successful therapy option for the treatment of early- and mid-stage HCCs, but the high heterogeneity of HCC renders prognostic prediction challenging. The construction of relevant prognostic models helps to stratify the prognosis of surgically treated patients and guide personalized clinical decision-making, thereby improving patient survival rates. Currently, the prognostic assessment of HCC is based on several commonly used staging systems, such as Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM), Cancer of the Liver Italian Program (CLIP), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC). Given the insufficiency of these staging systems and the aim to improve the accuracy of prognostic prediction, researchers have incorporated further prognostic factors, such as microvascular infiltration, and proposed some new prognostic models for HCC. To provide insights into the prospects of clinical oncology research, this review describes the commonly used HCC staging systems and new models proposed in recent years.
Humans ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology* ; Liver Neoplasms/pathology* ; Prognosis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Survival Rate ; Retrospective Studies