Electroencephalogram (EEG) is the primary tool in investigation of the brain science. It is necessary to carry out a deepgoing study into the characteristics and information hidden in EEGs to meet the needs of the clinical research. In this paper, we present a wavelet-nonlinear dynamic methodology for analysis of nonlinear characteristic of EEGs and delta, theta, alpha, and beta sub-bands. We therefore studied the effectiveness of correlation dimension (CD), largest Lyapunov exponen, and approximate entropy (ApEn) in differentiation between the interictal EEG and ictal EEG based on statistical significance of the differences. The results showed that the nonlinear dynamic char acteristic of EEG and EEG subbands could be used as effective identification statistics in detecting seizures.
Brain ; physiopathology ; Electroencephalography ; Entropy ; Epilepsy ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Nonlinear Dynamics ; Seizures

Objective To explore the impact of sulfentanyl on sufentanil epidural block during abdominal panhysterectomy. Methods 90 patients scheduled for panhysterectomy were randomly divided into three groups. Tthe control group received epidural administration of 1% ropivacaine of 0.2 mL/kg after 2% idocaine of 3 mL , while the study group 1 received 10μg sufentanil and the study group 2 received 20μg sufentanil in addition to the medications used in the control group. The anesthetic effect, changes in vital signs, and incidence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Results In group S1 and group S2, the onset of epidural anesthesia was faster , time to the highest plane of sensory blockade and time to degree 3 in the Bromag scores were faster , duration of sensory blockade was longer , and OAA/S score was better , as compared with group D , with significant statistical significances (P<0.01);and the effect was better in group S2 than in group S1. There was no difference among the three groups in adverse reactions. MAP , HR and SPO2 were lower in groups S1 and S2 than in group D during the procedure, with a statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusions Proper dose of sufentanil plays a positive role in ropivacaine epidural block during panhysterectomy , not only increases the onset of anesthesia, but also makes the anesthestic effect better, and has higher safety It is worth popularizing clinically.

Objective:To investigate the effect of scutellarin on P-gp protein expression and activity in Caco-2 cells. Methods:Scutellarin(25,50 and 100 μmol·L-1 )was incubated with Caco-2 cells respectively for 24 h,48 h and 72 h. The expression of P-gp was determined by western blot assay and the activity of P-gp was determined by Rhodamine-123 assay. Results:P-gp protein ex-pression levels were significantly increased by scutelarin. After the incubation for 24 h with scutellarin,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 34-,2. 65-and 2. 00-fold in Caco-2 cells. After the incubation with scutellarin for 48 h,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 70-,4. 66-and 3. 13-fold. After the incubation with scutellarin for 72 h,P-gp protein expression was up-regulated 2. 82-, 2. 62-and 1. 84-fold. The intracellular accumulation of rhodamine-123 was significantly decreased by scutellarin,indicating that the ef-flux transport activity of P-gp was increased by scutellarin in Caco-2 cells. Conclusion:Scutellarin can significantly up-regulate P-gp protein expression and increase the efflux transport activity of P-gp in Caco-2 cells.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of using leukocytes that were filtered out by LeukoReduction System ( LRS) to replace conventional human peripheral blood leukocytes in experimental researches and to comparatively analyze the differences between them in vitro biological functions and pheno-types of T cells. Methods Mononuclear cells were isolated from LRS-separated leukocytes and whole blood sample that collected from the same person by using Ficoll. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting ( FACS) was performed to analyze the phenotypes of T cells. CD3+T cells were sorted out by using magnetic beads. The T cells that were collected by using two different ways were incubated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and IL-2 in vitro for 10 days. Several assays including cell counting, FACS and cytometric beads array ( CBA) were performed to comparatively analyze the differences in biological functions and phenotypes of T cells that were isolated by different methods. Results The phenotypes of T cells isolated from LRS filter and whole blood sample were highly similar at the initial stage. The sorting rate of CD3+T cells form LRS filter reached a high level and met the requirements for experimental researches. No statistically significant differ-ences in cell count, phenotype, expression of costimulatory molecules and cytokine secretion were observed between T cells isolated from LRS filter and whole blood sample. Conclusion This study suggested that the T cells isolated from LRS filter could be used as an alternative to whole blood T cells for fundamental resear-ches since they were similar in cell vitality, phenotype and biological functions. It provided a new way to solve the problem of blood shortage in clinic and scientific research.

Objective To investigate the survival and recurrence data after treatment in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix(NECUC)with stageⅠb-Ⅱa, and to analyse its prognostic factors. Methods Thirty-two cases of primary NECUC in early-stage disease treated from Jan. 2005 to Dec. 2013 at Cancer Hospital,Peking Union Medical College,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences were reviewed, and their data of clinicopathologic characteristics were collected and analysed. The median age was 37 years (range, 23-57 years). The distribution by International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) clinical stage:19 cases stageⅠb1, 10 cases stageⅠb2, 1 case stageⅡa1, 2 cases stageⅡa2. Pathologic types: 22 cases of small cell carcinoma, 1 case of atypical carcinoid, 9 cases of mixed carcinoma. The diameter of cervical tumor:12 cases≥4 cm, 20 cases<4 cm. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy and pelvic ± para-aortic lymphadenectomy, and 15 cases of them were preserved unilateral or bilateral ovaries. Pathologic examination showed that 25 cases with cervical deep stromal invasion thickness ≥1/2, 21 cases with lymph-vascular space invasion (LVSI), and 18 cases with pelvic and (or) para-aortic lymph nodes involvement. Ten cases were performed neoadjuvant chemotherapy (range,1-3 cycles), all patients received postoperative chemotherapy (range,3-6 cycles), and 15 patients were treated with radiotherapy after surgery. The follow-up data were updated on Jul. 2014. The median follow-up time was 18 months (range, 7-71 months). A retrospective analysis was conducted to analyse the survival and recurrence data,and to explore the prognostic factors of NECUC. Results Thirteen patients died during the follow-up period. The cumulative progression-free survival (PFS) of 2 and 5 years were respectively 54.2%and 38.1%, and the estimated median PFS was 29 months. The cumulative overall survival (OS) of 2 and 5 years were respectively 56.1%and 44.9%, and the estimated median OS was 31 months. Fourteen cases had recurrence, and the median recurrence time was 9 months (range, 3-30 months). Recurrent or metastatic sites:2 cases in pelvis, 4 cases in liver, 3 cases in lung, 3 cases in adrenal glands, 3 cases in bones, 2 cases in brain, 1 case in pancreas, 1 case in lymph nodes of para-aorta and neck, and 3 cases had metastasis in two or more organs. Thirteen cases with recurrence died of disease, and another one is alive with disease. The univariate analysis showed that lesion size of the cervix and FIGO stage were significant prognostic factors (P<0.01), while age, tumor components, deep invasion in cervical stromal, LVSI, pelvic and (or) para-aortic lymph nodes involvement, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy and preserving ovaries were not significantly associated with prognosis(all P>0.05). Conclusion The prognosis of NECUC in early-stage is poor and the lesion size of the cervix and FIGO stage are prognostic factors.

Objective To investigate the effects of costimulatory molecule B7-H3 on the prolifera-tion and invasion of human non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of B7-H3 at protein level on A549 cells. B7-H3-targeting siRNA was transfected into A549 by lentivirus to construct B7-H3-A549 cells, which were identified with Western blot and qPCR. Differences in proliferation between B7-H3-A549 and B7-H3+A549 cells were analyzed by CCK8 assay. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in apoptosis and cell cycle after AnnexinⅤ-PE/propidi-um iodide ( PI) staining. Transwell assay was used to evaluate the migration and invasion of B7-H3-A549 and B 7-H 3+ A 549 cells . Expression of apoptosis-related proteins was detected by Western blot . Results (1) B7-H3 was highly expressed on A549 cells. A stable B7-H3-A549 cell line and its control cell line B7-H3+A549 were successfully prepared. (2) A549 cell proliferation was significantly reduced after knocking down B7-H3 expression. (3) The percentage of early apoptotic cells in B7-H3-A549 cell group was higher than that in B7-H3+A549 cell group, but no significant difference in the percentages of cells undergoing late apoptosis was found between the two groups. B7-H3-A549 cells were arrested at the G0/G1 phase of cell cy-cle. (4) Compared with B7-H3+A549 cells, B7-H3-A549 cells showed suppressed migration and invasion. (5) Enhanced expression of Bad and Caspase-3 and decreased expression of Bcl-2, P-AKT and MMP-9 were detected in B7-H3-A549 cells as compared with those in B7-H3+A549 cells, but no significant difference in the total AKT was observed. Conclusions Knocking down the expression of B7-H3 molecule in A549 cells could inhibit cell proliferation and invasion, induce cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase and promote cell apoptosis.

Objective:To explore the inhibitory mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion on tumor growth in colitis-associated colorectal cancer(CAC)based on histone lysine demethylase 4D(KDM4D). Methods:Inbred male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group,a CAC group,a herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group,and an inhibitor group.Except the normal group,rats in the other three groups were treated with azoxymethane(AOM)combined with dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)to make CAC rat models.Rats in the normal group and the CAC group did not receive interventions;rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group received moxibustion at Qihai(CV6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST25),2 cones for one point each time,once a day for 30 d with 1-day rest every week;rats in the inhibitor group received intraperitoneal injection of KDM4D inhibitor,5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline(5-c-8HQ),once a day for 30 d.After intervention,the general condition,colon length,tumor number and volume,and histopathological colon changes were observed.The expression of adenomatous polyposis coli(APC),axis inhibitor(Axin),cyclin D1,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-7 and MMP-9 mRNAs were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),cleaved caspase3,KDM4D,APC,and Axin proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:Compared with the normal group,the general condition was poor,the colon length was significantly shortened(P<0.01),the number and volume of colonic tumors were increased(P<0.01),the structure of glandular duct was obviously disordered with"back-to-back"and cowall phenomenon,and also high-grade adenocarcinoma formed;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly increased(P<0.01),while cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were significantly increased(P<0.01),while APC and Axin were significantly reduced(P<0.01)in the CAC group.Compared with the CAC group,the general condition was improved,the length of colon was significantly increased(P<0.01),the number and volume of the colonic tumors were reduced(P<0.05),and the colon tissues showed epithelial cell proliferation with enlarged and deep staining nuclei,dysplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration;the protein expression levels of PCNA and KDM4D were significantly reduced(P<0.01),while the cleaved caspase3,APC,and Axin were significantly increased(P<0.01);the mRNA expression levels of cyclin D1,MMP-7,and MMP-9 were reduced(P<0.05),while the APC and Axin were increased(P<0.05)in the colon tissues of rats in the herb cake-partitioned moxibustion group and the inhibitor group. Conclusion:Herb cake-partitioned moxibustion regulated abnormally expressed KDM4D in CAC rats,activated APC and Axin,the upstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway,inhibited abnormally activated downstream molecules of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.This may be a key mechanism of herb cake-partitioned moxibustion in inhibiting CAC tumor growth.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of macroscopic enlarged lymph node on the clinicopathological characteristics of stage II colorectal cancer, and to explore the potential mechanism.

METHODSClinicopathological data of 116 consecutive patients with stage II colorectal cancer, who underwent colorectal radical resection and were identified as stage II colorectal cancer without mesenteric metastasis by postoperative pathology, in our department between December 2001 and December 2002 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were examined by the surgeons with gross appearance to decide the enlarged lymph nodes as metastasis during operation. There were 43 patients with macroscopic enlarged lymph nodes and 73 without such lymph nodes. Survival rate was compared between the two groups. Impact of macroscopic enlarged lymph node on the prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer was analyzed. Structure of macroscopic enlarged lymph node was observed. CK expression in 107 macroscopic enlarged lymph nodes from 43 cases was examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) of the whole group was 83.5%. The 10-year DFS of patients with macroscopic enlarged lymph nodes was 75.9%, which was significantly lower than 89.3% (P=0.038) of patients without macroscopic enlarged lymph nodes. Univariate analysis showed that macroscopical enlarged lymph node (P=0.038), perioperative blood transfusion (P=0.004), number of retrieved lymph nodes (P=0.016), concomitant disease (P=0.003), and preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level (P=0.050) were related to the prognosis of all the 116 patients. Multivariate analysis showed that macroscopical enlarged lymph node (P=0.044), number of retrieved lymph nodes (P=0.021), and perioperative blood transfusion (P=0.032) were independent prognostic factors. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining indicated that enlarged lymph nodes had hyperplasia reaction. Immunohistochemistry showed that among 107 enlarged lymph nodes, 1 had macrometastases, 1 micrometastasis, 4 isolated tumor cell (ITC), and the rest 101 had no positive CK expression.

CONCLUSIONMacroscopic enlarged lymph node indicates a poor prognosis in patients with stage II colorectal cancer.

Carcinoembryonic Antigen ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Disease-Free Survival ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Micrometastasis ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

Objective:To analyze the current allocation situation and equity of Class B large medical equipment in China,and provide references for reasonably optimizing the allocation of medical equipment.Methods:Based on the allocation data of Class B large medical equipment in China at the end of the 13th Five Year Plan period,the agglomeration degree method was used to evaluate the equity of equipment allocation in various regions from the dimensions of geography,population,and economic development.Results:The current allocation of Class B large medical equipment per million population was 3.19,and the eastern region(3.64)was higher than the central region(3.42),the central region(2.24)was higher than the western region.The agglomeration degree of medical equipment based on geographical area showed that most of the equipment in the eastern region was in a rich state,and the allocation equity was relatively good in the central region,but generally poor in the western region.The agglomeration degree of medical equipment based on population distribution was higher in the eastern region than in the central region and even higher in the western region.The equipment in the eastern region could basically meet the demand of the local population,while the allocation in the central and western regions was slightly insufficient.The distribution of medical equipment agglomeration degree based on economic development varied significantly among different regions,and the allocation equity of central region was generally better than that of eastern and western regions.Conclusion:The total allocation of Class B large medical equipment in China is not high,and the government needs to continue planning and improving it.The distribution of medical equipment allocation based on geography,population and economic development is unbalanced among the eastern,central and western regions.Improving the equity of medical equipment allocation also needs to consider regional differences and characteristics according to local conditions.

Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. Studies have shown that more than 50% of patients with colorectal cancer will experience metastasis. After systematic treatment, patients with resectable colorectal cancer could obtain favorable 5-year survival rate. However, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis constantly obtain poor prognosis. In spite of the development of medical treatment, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis can be treated by multiple approaches, such as interventional therapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy, clinical efficacy is relatively low. Hence, clinicians divert extensive attention to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation, as an emerging treatment in recent years, is expected to improve clinical prognosis of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis. In this article, research progress in liver transplantation for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis was reviewed, mainly including the historical overview, recent results, prognostic factors, adaptation criteria, relationship with systemic treatment, liver source shortage and donor allocation, aiming to provide reference for liver transplantation for patients with colorectal liver metastasis.