Objective To explore the application value of 3.0T magnetic resonance perfusion weighted imaging(PWI)in the rat late brain glioma model.Methods C6 glioma cells were injected stereotactically into the right caudate nucleus of 32 Wistar rats.In 3 weeks after inoculation,the conventional MRI and PWI were performed.The relative cerebral blood volume(rCBV)values were recorded and compared with the pathological results.Results The tumor formation in 30 inoculated rats were confirmed by the sub-sequent pathological examination,with the tumor formation rate of 100%.PWI showed that rCBV values of the brain glioma region and the contralateral mirror image brain tissue were 262.61±72.82 and 189.39±57.21,the difference between them was statisti-cally significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The rat late brain glioma model is suitable for the study on the blood volume of brain tumor tissues.

Objective To evaluate the application of embolic material, iron oxide nanoparticles?lipiodol?gelatin in the improvement of therapeutic effect of microwave ablation in vitrogelatin phantom model and in vivo VX2 renal tumors model. Methods After preparing new embolic material containing nano Fe2O3, in vitro model experiment was firstly conducted to verify the temperature distribution of the microwave ablation. Further verification was performed in bilateral renal VX2 tumors in rabbit model. A total of 10 (20 kidneys) New Zealand White rabbits bearing renal VX2 tumors were treated by renal artery embolization and CT guided microwave ablation, in which left kidneys were treated by material containing nano Fe2O3 in iodized oil and right kidneys were treated by renal embolization with super liquid iodized oil as a control. The same microwave ablation time and power were used for both kidneys. CT perfusion and histopathological examinations were performed to determine the renal perfusion parameters, tumor histopathology and tumor?related angiogenesis. Results In vitro experiments, when nano Fe2O3 was present in the local area at 1cm from the microwave needle at 20 and 60, the temperature reached(59.1 ± 1.7)° C, (95.5 ± 4.5)° C vs.(31.1 ± 2.5)and(45.6 ± 3.5)° C in the controls. Our present results strongly suggested that local nano Fe2O3 particles absorbed microwave and shielded microwave energy transferring to the surrounding tissue. Before and immediately after renal VX2 tumor embolization, blood flow significantly reduced from (31.4 ± 10.6) to (6.1 ± 9.9) ml · 100 ml-1 · min-1. Our pathology findings indicated nano Fe2O3?lipiodol-gelatin embolic agent stored in endovascular regions, while no penetration into the renal parenchyma happened. Conclusions This in vitro model and in vivo experiment suggest that the new embolic material containing nano Fe2O3 may help to improve heat efficiency of MWA microwave, and it is feasible to administer it through transcatheter arterial embolization approach for the microwave ablation therapy of kidney cancer.

Purpose In order to find out a means that can both meet clinical requirements and reduce radiation dosage in the diagnosis of malignant biliary obstruction, the study aims to evaluate the image quality and the radiation dose of low tube voltage enhanced CT (100 kVp) in displaying malignant biliary obstruction in metal stents. Materials and Methods Between January 2012 and March 2014, 9 patients with highly suspected recurrent occlusion after biliary stent procedure were admitted in Peking Union Medical College Hospital and underwent high resolution three-phase dynamic enhanced CT scan. The CT images on portal veinal phase were reconstructed through the curved planar reformation and the CT values of 184 slices were evaluated along the pathway of the biliary stent. The reconstructed image quality was analyzed when the tube voltage was 140 kVp and 100 kVp respectively, and the different tumor-to-liver contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for each lesion, mean image noise, and figure of merit (FOM) between the two data sets were also compared. Results As the tube voltage decreased from 140 to 100 kVp, image noise increased from (19.88±3.62) HU to (24.22±4.24) HU (P<0.001), CNR increased by 15% and FOM improved by 50%. Conclusion A low tube voltage CT technique (100 kVp) improves tumor-to-liver CNR and significantly reduces radiation dose, therefore it is valuable in the manifestation of malignant obstruction in metal stents.

Objective: To investigate the quality of life among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into improving the quality of life among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis. Methods: Patients with occupational pneumoconiosis in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021 were retrieved from the National Occupational Disease and Health Risk Factors Monitoring Information System. Participants' demographics, diagnosis of pneumoconiosis, stage of pneumoconiosis, pulmonary function and medical expense were collected through questionnaire surveys, and the quality of life was measured using a Chinese version of the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The quality of life was descriptively analyzed among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis by disease stage, pulmonary function, expense for disease diagnosis and treatment and educational level. Results: A total of 244 patients with occupational pneumoconiosis were enrolled, including 225 men (92.21%). The participants had a mean age of (75.20±9.42) years, and mean duration from dust contact to pneumoconiosis onset of (13.11±9.89) years. The scores for physical functioning, role-physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health were (64.03±31.22), (45.14±44.22), (56.34±26.60), (40.80±19.80), (59.14±17.35), (68.41±19.67), (47.03±44.08) and (61.15±17.06) points among patients with occupational pneumoconiosis, which were all lower than the national constant (P<0.05). Lower scores were measured for physical functioning [(31.17±23.40) points], bodily pain [(45.21±19.50) points] and vitality [(47.00±20.70) points] among patients with stage Ⅲ occupational pneumoconiosis, for physical functioning [(32.27±24.24) points], role-physical [(12.88±30.70) points], bodily pain [(37.44±20.43) points], general health [(14.76±17.17) points], vitality [(38.79±19.33) points], social functioning [(53.33±17.08) points], role-emotional [(9.09±26.71) points], and mental health [(53.21±17.25) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients with severe pulmonary function damages, and for physical functioning [(30.97±27.40) points], bodily pain [(37.77±24.34) points], general health [(19.10±18.62) points], vitality [(38.39±23.78) points], social functioning [(55.89±21.00) points] and mental health [(55.35±20.35) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients that had personal payments for pneumoconiosis diagnosis and treatment expenses exceeding 30% of annual household incomes, while higher scores were measured for physical functioning [(66.36±17.33) points] and role-physical [(59.09±45.10) points] among occupational pneumoconiosis patients with an educational level of high school and above (all P<0.05). Conclusions The quality of life was low among occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Jinhua City from 2009 to 2021. Stage of pneumoconiosis, pulmonary function, medical expenses and educational level were identified as factors affecting the quality of life among occupational pneumoconiosis patients in Jinhua City.

Objective To study the feasibility and effectiveness of liquid embolic agent HEMA-MMA in the arterial embolization therapy for the rabbit renal VX2 tumor models. Methods Renal VX2 tumor models were inoculated with the method of percutaneous CT-guided implantation of a small fragment of tumor into the inferior pole of the right kidney and were embolized when the max diameter was 1.5 cm. One model was embolized with the mixture of HEMA-MMA and carbonyl iron powder and was harvested immediately after embolization, the sample was fixed by paraformaldehyde for histopathological examination with methylene blue staining and HE staining to demonstrate the sizes of the vessels that the HEMA-MMA could reach. The remaining models were treated with pure HEMA-MMA by superselective or nonselective embolization (SSE or NSE). In SSE group, only the renal artery branch supplying the tumor was superselectively catheterized and embolized until the presence of“artery casting”change. In NSE group, the microcatheter was catheterized into the main renal artery then the whole renal artery branches and the renal capsular artery were embolized simultaneously until the presence of“artery casting”shape. Non-enhanced CT scans at immediate postoperation, on postoperative day 1 and day 3 were performed. The enhanced CT scans at the postoperative 1, 2 , 4 and 6 weeks were performed. Necrotic zone of the tumor was defined as non-enhancement in parenchyma phase, residual tumor was defined as delayed enhancement around the necrotic zone or obvious thickness and enhancement of the adjacent renal capsule. When detecting residual tumor, the model was followed up another 1 week and then harvested for histopathological examination. If there was no residual tumor and lung metastasis in 6 weeks follow-up after operation, we defined this as complete necrosis and then harvested the kidney for histopathological examination. Results Eleven of the 12 rabbits were successfully inoculated VX2 tumors. The mixture of HEMA-MMA and carbonyl iron powder deposited in the arterial vessels demonstrated mazarine in methylene blue staining and brownness in HE staining. The diameter of the tumor vessels which the agent could reach was 30—150 μm, there was no embolic agent detected in the venous blood vessels. 5 models were performed with superselective embolization and the other 5 were embolized with nonselective embolization. The embolic agent demonstrated high density and obviously deposited in the surrounding zone of the tumor on immediate postoperative CT images, density of the surrounding zone decreased accompanied by density increase in the central area of the tumor on the first day postoperative CT images. Density difference between the embolism zone and normal renal tissue disappeared on the third day postoperative CT images accompanied by swelling changes of the embolized area. Residual tumor was detected in all 5 superselectively treated cases (2 in 1 week, 3 in 2 weeks), which located in the area of junctional zone and subrenal capsule. The necrotic zone was demonstrated coagulative necrosis on histopathologic images, the boundary between the residual tumor and the necrotic zone was clearly showed both on histopathologic images and gross specimen. Renal capsular artery participating in the residual tumor blood supply was also shown on gross specimen. There was no residual tumor and lung metastasis detected in nonselective treated group during the period of 6 weeks follow-up. Atrophy of the whole tumor-burdened kidney was shown on gross specimen and complete coagulative necrosis of the total tumor and the renal capsule adjacent to the tumor was demonstrated on histopathologic images. Conclusions Liquid embolic agent HEMA-MMA can embolize tumor blood vessels with a diameter of 30—150 μm. The renal capsular artery participates in the blood supply of the VX2 kidney tumor, so only superselective embolization of the renal artery branch with this liquid embolic agent may not induce the whole necrosis of the tumor, but complete necrosis of the tumor can be obtained by embolizing of all the tumor vessels and the adjacent normal renal arteries with this liquid embolic agent.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of interventional catheterization via saphenous artery route in treating hepatic and renal lesions, to compare its advantages and disadvantages with trans-femoral approach catheterization, and to discuss the feasibility of using saphenous artery route to replace femoral artery approach.Methods A total of 24 rabbits bearing VX2 liver and kidney tumor were randomly divided into via femoral artery catheterization group (control group,n=8) and via saphenous artery catheterization group (study group,n=16). Surface distribution and variation of saphenous artery were recorded. After the saphenous artery was isolated, blood vessel was punctured with a 22 G needle, through which a 0.018 inch micro guide wire together with a 5-F micro catheter sheath was inserted into the artery, then, a Y-valve was connected to the sheath. DSA was performed to determine the diameters of the saphenous artery, femoral artery and iliac artery. The used time for isolating the artery and indwelling the sheath, the depth of sheath insertion, the success rate of catheterization, the incision infection rate and the occurrence of claudication in both groups were recorded, and the results were compared. Results Saphenous artery could be clearly observed on body surface in 91.67%of rabbits (22/24). Successful insertion of catheter sheath was achieved in all rabbits of both groups. The used time of isolating artery, the depth of sheath insertion, the incision infection rate and the occurrence of claudication at 7 and 14 days after the treatment in the study group were(367.30±37.30) seconds, (20.20±2.60) mm, 0%, 6.25%and 0%respectively, while those in the control group were (978.20±156.30) seconds,(58.60±9.50) mm, 37.50%, 62.50% and 25% respectively. The differences in above mentioned measurement items between the two groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The used time of indwelling the sheath and the occurrence of claudication at one day after the treatment in the study group and in the control group were (42.80 ±9.90) seconds, 70% and (43.60 ±7.0) seconds, 100%respectively, and no statistically significant differences existed between the two groups (P>0.05). The diameters of the saphenous artery, superficial femoral artery, common femoral artery, external iliac artery and common iliac artery were (1.29±0.12) mm,(1.91±0.27) mm, (2.18±0.15) mm, (2.22±0.13) mm and(2.39± 0.15) mm respectively. Conclusion In rabbits, the saphenous artery is usually superficially located, its anatomical variation rate is very low, and its internal diameter can match 5- F micro catheter sheath. Catheterization via saphenous artery is convenient, time-saving with less damage and fewer complications. Therefore, in treating hepatic and renal lesions in rabbits the catheterization via saphenous artery can be used as the technique of first choice to replace the femoral approach catheterization.

Objective To evaluate the role of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) signal passway on the expression of Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha (RhoGDIα) in hypertensive rats. Methods Protein and mRNA expressions of RhoGDIα in aortae of 4, 12 and 18 week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 4) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n= 4) were examined by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Aortas from SHR and WKY were analyzed using immonuchemical staining to locate the RhoGDIα in the aorta. The RhoGDIα expression in aorta of hypertensive rat model of aorta coarctation (ACR, n = 6) was also analyzed using Western blotting. Furthermore, The effect of mechanical strain at 10 % elongation on expression of RhoGDIα in vascular smoothmuscle cells (VSMCs) in the presence or absence of L-158809, an antagonist for AngⅡ type 1 receptor, was also evaluated by Western blotting. Results No significant difference of RhoGDIα expression was found between SHR and WKY at 4-week-old and 12-week-old. However, in 18-week-old group, RhoGDIα was significantly highly expressed in SHR than that of WKY at both mRNA and protein levels. RhoGDIα was located in the media of the aorta. Expression of RhoGDIα protein was upregulated in aortas of ACR at 2 and 4 weeks as compared with the controls. The expression of RhoGDIα in VSMCs was inhibited by mechanicalstrain at 10 % elongation, and further decreased by treatment of L-158809. Conclusion RhoGDIα is upregulated in aortae of the hypertensive rats. AngⅡ signal passway may be involved in the process of regulating expression of RhoGDIα.

To investigate the mechanism of moxibustion in regulating cellular apoptosis in rat's precancerous lesion of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:Seventy-four rats were randomly allocated to normal group,model group and moxibustion group,and the diethylic nitrosamine (DEN) was used to establish HCC model. Moxibustion with moxa cone which is as big as a grain of wheat was performed on acupoint Zusanli (ST 36),3 cones for each acupoint and 0.5 mg for each cone,the treatment was given once a day,totally 16 weeks. Then the changes in the body weight,liver weight and thymus weight,a morphological change in the liver tissue and changes in γ-GT and GST were observed;Immunohistochemical staining method was adopted to observe the tendency of changes in relevant apoptosis genes such as C-myc,N-ras and mutant type P53,and the influence of moxibustion on cell cycle modulation genes such as cyclinD1,CDK4 and p16. Results:Moxibustion could reduce the activities of γ-GT and GST in the blood,obviously decrease the protein expression of relevant apoptosis genes such as C-myc,N-ras and mutant type P53 and markedly inhibit the over-expression of relevant cell cycle modulation genes such as cyclinD1 and CDK4 and the mutation of cell cycle modulation gene p16. Conclusion:Moxibustion might play a certain role in relieving HCC precancerous lesion and its action mechanism might be related to the regulation on partial apoptosis genes.

Objective To investigate the key technical points of microvascular decompression (MVD)for the treatment of primary glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN)and its efficacy. Methods From July 2011 to October 2016,18 consecutive patients with primary GPN treated with MVD at the Department of Neurosurgery,Xuanwu Hospital,Capital Medical University were enrolled retrospectively. All patients received magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)examination before procedure. The anatomical relationship between glossopharyngeal nerve / vagus nerve and peripheral blood vessels were identified. Seventeen of them were treated via suboccipital retrosigmoid approach,one were treated via far lateral approach. None of the patients were treated with nerve root rhizotomy. Results Eighteen patients had paroxysmal severe pain in tongue,pharynx,tonsil or deep ear canal and other parts before procedure. Preoperative MRA indicated and confirmed in the surgery that the offending vessels were the trunks or their branches of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery in this group of patients. During the operation,the offending vessels were removed from the out brainstem areas of the glossopharyngeal nerves and vagus nerves under the direct vision in order to ensure that the blood vessels and nerves no longer contacted with each other. There were no complications, such as disability and death,cerebrospinal fluid leakage,and intracranial infection. All the patients were followed up after procedure;the mean follow-up period was 1-62 months. The symptom of pain disappeared completely in 17 of them. The Numberical Rating Scale (NRS)score for pain were 0. The pain in one patient was not relieved. The NRS score was 8 at discharge;it was the same as before procedure. Three patients had mild hoarseness,throat discomfort after procedure. They were relieved gradually in the follow-up period. Conclusion MVD is a safe and effective method for the treatment of GPN. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery is the most common offending artery. Preoperative imaging examination and clear decompression during the procedure are very important. The cutting off of glossopharyngeal nerves and vagus nerves needs to be handled with care.

Objective To compare the safe zone and safe angles between males and females for screw placement on the medial iliosciatic plate for acetabular posterior column using 3D reconstruction technique.Methods Normal pelvic CT scans of 52 adults (27 males and 25 females;aged from 18 to 74 years,averaging 47.2 years) were obtained to create pelvic 3D models.After the acetabulum was thickened by 5 mm,the width (d) of the safe zone for placement of the medial iliosciatic plate was measured.After the vertical distance (w) between the vertex of the obturator canal and the greater sciatic notch was measured,the ratio (r) of d/w was calculated.The recombined innominatum model was cut through the center of the acetabulum with a plane perpendicular to the quadrilateral plate and the greater sciatic notch.The cross-section was marked as M.In males,4 points at distances of 1.0 cm,1.5 cm,2.0 cm and 2.5 cm anterior to the greater sciatic notch were marked.At the 4 points,the angulations (∠ a,∠b,∠ c and ∠ d) between the quadrilateral plate and the tangent line of the outer edge of the thickened acetabulum model were measured on the cross-section M.In females,3 points at distances of 1.0 cm,1.5 cm and 2.0 cm anterior to the greater sciatic notch were marked before ∠a,∠b,and ∠c were measured.The differences in the above parameters were compared between males and females.Results The width (d) of the safe zone for placement of the medial iliosciatic plate was 28.56 ±2.44 mm in males and 24.36 ±2.47 mm in females;the ratio (r) was 0.61 ± 0.07 in males and 0.54 ± 0.05 in females.The safe angulations for screw placement in males,∠ a,∠b,∠cand ∠d,were 88.04°±3.18°,77.81°±3.85°,68.01°±4.11°and56.81°±4.81° while those in females,∠a,∠b and ∠c,were 91.29°±4.52°,76.23°±3.82° and 62.79°±3.51°,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between males and females in values of d,r,∠ a and ∠ c (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In fixation of acetabular posterior column fractures using medial iliosciatic plate,the differences between males and females should be taken into account.Besides,specific safe angles should be chosen according to the position of the plate.