Objective: To investigate the expressions of Fas, FasL in papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland tissues and their tumor infiltrating lymphocytes(TIL), and its relationship with apoptosis and Fas, FasL in thyroid tumors.Methods: We detected the apoptotic rate and the expression of apoptotic related gene Fas in 43 cases of papliiary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland with flow cytometry. The expression Fas and FasL were measured in 43 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland, 28 cases of thyroid adenoma,43 paplillary adenocarcinoma of thyroid gland TIL,17 thyroid adenoma TIL using flow cytometry.Results: 19 cases in papillary adenocarcinoma showed low expression of Fas protein with an average apoptotic rate of 3.71% and 24 cases had high expression of Fas with an apoptotic rate of 7 26%(P

Objective To compare HER-2 state in breast cancer tissue deteced by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) and analyze their correlation. Methods HER-2/neu protein expression and gene amplification were detected by FISH and IHC in 56 newly-diagnosed cases of female breast cancer from July 2008 to July 2009. Results Of the 56 patients, HER-2 protein expression (-), (+), (++), (+++) was 9 cases (16.1%), 29 cases (51.8%), 11 cases (19.6%) and 7cases (12.5%) respectively; 26 cases (46.4%) had HER-2 gene amplification while 30 cases (53.6%) didnt have. Type of HER-2 gene amplification was mainly HER-2(++) and HER-2(+++), and according gene amplification rate was 72 7% and 100%. HER-2 (+) gene amplification rate was 37.9 %(11cases) and no gene amplification was found in HER-2(-) tissue. The HER-2 positive rate using two methods had significant difference(χ2=19.778,P<0.01). HER-2(-) and HER-2(+++) had good consistency with the FISH results(Kappa=0.969),but HER-2(+) and HER-2(+ +) were poorly consistent with the FISH results(Kappa=0.271). Conclusions IHC is the preliminary screening method for detection of HER-2 expression. HER-2(-) and HER-2(+++) have good consistency with the gene amplification, and can guide clinical treatment. Some patients with HER-2(+) and HER-2(++) have HER-2 gene amplification. FISH is needed for targeted therapy.

Objective To determine the clinical implications of internal mammary node biopsy for neoplasm stage,treatment,and prognosis in patients with breast cancer.Methods Internal mammary node biopsy via intercostal space was performed in 229 cases of breast cancer.Anatomical location of internal mammary nodes was recorded.Results Internal mammary node biopsy was successfully finished in 220 patients.There were 56 cases (24.45％ ) with internal mammary nodes metastasis,126 cases (55.02％ ) with axillary nodes metastasis,43 cases (34.13％ ) with regional metastases in both the axillary and internal mammary lymph nodes and 13 cases ( 12.62％ ) with internal mammary node metastasis only.Internal mammary node metastasis rate in patients with the number of positive axillary nodes ≥4 was 49.32％ (36/73).pN stage migration was seen in 56 patients with positive internal mammary nodes.There was no statistic relation between internal mammary nodes metastases and tumor location ( x2 =0.661,P =0.719).70.7％ patients with medial/central tumors and 50.7％ patients with the number of positive axillary nodes ≥4 were free from internal mammary node radiotherapy on account of internal mammary node biopsy.There was no complication such as pneumothorax or haemorrhagia.Conclusions Internal mammary node biopsy from intercostal space is a reliable surgical technique and can improve pN stage in some breast cancer patients.With internal mammary node biopsy,patients with a negative internal mammary node can be prevented from radiation to internal mammary nodal areas.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes of serum concentration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium after thyroid surgery and compare the changes among different modes of operation. MethodsFrom Aug. 2006 to Dec. 2009, 470 patients accepted thyroid surgery. The serum concentration of PTH and calcium in different groups was measured and compared before and 1 day after surgery. According to the extent and similarity of the surgery, patients were classified into 7 groups and they were compared in terms of postoperative changes of PTH and serum calcium. Statistical analysis was performed. ResultsThe serum concentration of PTH and calciurn decreased significantly after surgery in all patients except for those receiving unilateral and bilateral partial thyroidectomy. Compared with unilateral lobectomy, surgeries such as bilateral subtotal thyroidectomy, unilateral thyroidectomy with contralateral subtotal thyroidectomy, bilateral near-total thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy resulted in more dramatic decreases of serum concentration of PTH and calcium and higher incidence of hypocalcemia ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The comparison between patients receiving CLND or not had the same result. Conclusions Almost all kinds of thyroid surgery affect the parathyroid function. The wider the surgery, the higher the possibility of postoperative hypoparathyroidism. The indications and criteria of different types of thyroid surgery are essential for hypoparathyroidism prevention. In some cases, vitamin D and calcium are recommended for preventive purpose.

Objective To explore the pattern of cervical nodal metastasis and the clinical significance of total thyroidectomy plus functional neck lymphadenectomy in papillary thyroid carcinoma patients. Methods Clinical and pathological data of 172 patients with papillary thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy plus functional neck lymph node dissection at Jinan Military General Hospital were retrospectively reviewed, including patient demographics, extent of surgery, parathyroid hormone level,recurrence, tumor pathology, such as tumor size, multifocality, capsular invasion, vascular invasion,extrathyroidal extension, and lymph node status. Results Of the 172 functional neck dissection patients (47 ambilateral), the incidence of lymphonodus metastasis in regions Ⅵ, Ⅳ and Ⅲ was 96. 3% ,78. 5%and 62.1% respectively. Rate of nodal metastasis was higher in patients with extracapsular invasion than in patients with no invasion ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). Serum parathyroid hormone levels significantly decreased immediately postoperatively in total thyroidectomy plus functional neck dissection and remained low for several weeks thereafter ( P ＜ 0. 01 ). The 5-, 10- and 15-year survival rate was ( 98. 83 ± 0. 82) %, (98. 23 ± 1.02 ) % and (96. 42 ± 1.43 )%, respectively. Conclusions Therapeutic neck lymph node dissection for papillary thyroid cancer is recommended for cervical nodal metastasis patients. Total thyroidectomy plus functional neck dissection is important in the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer.

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Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of INTRABEAM in breast conserving surgery for early stage breast cancer.Methods Clinical data of 43 cases of early breast cancer undergoing INTRA-BEAM intraopetative radiotherapy from Jan.2013 to Dec.2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All cases underwent breast conserving surgery combined with 20 Gy INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy.The postoperative incision,incidence of local complications and acute radiation injury were recorded after surgery.Breast recovery,the cosmetic effects,early overall survival,recurrence-free survival,and non-metastatic survival were followed up.Results All cases were given breast conserving surgery associated with INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy (20 Gy),with median radiotherapy time of 31 mins ranging from 25 to 39 mins.Five cases underwent postoperative whole breast irradiation.Major early complications included incision infection (1 case),postoperative effusion (5 cases),radiation area skin pain (4 cases).The short-term follow-up survey showed that the satisfaction rate was 93.0％.The overall survival rate,recurrence free survival rate and metastasis free survival rate was 100％ respec tively.Conclusion Breast conseving surgery combined with INTRABEAM intraoperative radiotherapy for early breast cancer patients is safe and feasible.