Objective To observe apoptosis and its relationship between the expression of caspase-3 and programmed cell death 5 (PDCD5) protein in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats and to investigate the injury mechanism after intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 54 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation and intracerebral hemorrhage groups, and the latter were redivided into 3,6, 12 hours, days 1,2,3, 5, and 7 subgroups (n = 6 in each group). A model of intracerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting 50 μL autologous tail artery blood into the caudate nucleus. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL method. The expressions of Caspase-3 and PDCD5 was observed by immunohistochemistry. Results The apoptotic cells were found in perihematoma tissue of rats at 3 hours,they reached the peak at day 2 to day 3 and reduced gradually after 3 days. Caspose-3 and PDCD5 positive cells were found in perihematoma tissue of rats at 3 hours, they reached peak at day 1 to day 2 and reduced gradually after 3 days. The numbers of Caspase-3 (r =0. 971, P ＜0. 01 ) and PDCD5 (r = -0. 334, P ＜0. 01 ) positive cells were positively correlated with those of apoptotic cells in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Conclusions The perihematoma tissue of intracerebral hemorrhage in rats existed apoptosis, and it was consistent with the expressions of Caspase-3 and PDCD5. Caspase-3 and PDCD5 may promote apoptosis in perihematoma tissue after intracerebral hemorrhage.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the occurrence of ADR induced by over-the-counter(OTC)drug in order to guide the rational use of drugs. METHODS:45 cases of ADR induced by OTC drug were analyzed retrospectively in terms of patient's gen-eral information,allergic history,allergenic drugs,reason for drug use,route of administration,incubation period,days of hospi-talization,clinical manifestation,treatment,outcome,etc. RESULTS:Among 45 patients,there were 14 male and 31 female. The patients were mainly 20-30 year-old(31.1%). Three patients had previous history of allergy(6.7%). Most ADR were induced by oral drugs(82.2%). Reasons for drug use were mainly disease of respiratory system(23 cases,51.1%). The results of causality as-sessment were positive in 3 patients(6.7%),probable in 35(n=77.8%),and possible in 7 patients(15.6%). ADR were mainly induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs,57.8%),Chinese patent medicine (20.0%),drugs for external use (17.8%). The clinical manifestations mainly included exanthematous drug eruption (33.3%),erythama multiforme drug eruption (24.4%),urticarial drug eruption(13.3%). CONCLUSIONS:NSAIDs are the main allergenic drugs,and ADR induced by OTC traditional Chinese medicine can not be ignored. To improve medical knowledge and skills of the public and the scientific use of OTC drug are beneficial to improve the clinical treatment level.

Objective:To study feasibility of preparing artificial antigen by membrane coated with hapten-carrier.To compare the Emodin-BSA membrane antigen immunogenicity and specificity against the liquid antigen.Methods:Emodin-BSA-PVDF membrane was prepared by the method that BSA was coated on PVDF membrane and the BSA was coupled with Emodin-couplint agent derivative.Rats were immunized by subcutaneous implantation.The immunogenicity and antibody specificity were characterized using Emodin-CA or Chrysophanol-CA or Physcion-CA membrane immunoassay. Results: The immunogenicity of Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen was higher than Emodin-BSA liquid antigen;the specificity for three anthraquinones was almost the same(P>0.05). Conclusion:Emodin antiserum generated using Emodin-BSA coated membrane antigen has a high immunogenicity and specificity to Emodin.The results show it is feasible that membrane coated with hapten-carrier is used as artificial antigen.

Animals ; Biocatalysis ; Cattle ; Enteropeptidase ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Humans ; Models, Molecular ; Oryzias ; metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; Substrate Specificity

Objective:To investigate the clinical application of multimodal low-opioid combined with saphenous nerve block analgesia in elderly patients undergoing knee arthroplasty.Methods:This study is a randomized controlled study.A total of 60 elderly patients who underwent elective knee arthroplasty in the Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from January 2021 to December 2021 were selected and divided into 2 groups by numerical randomization: mode low opioid analgesia regimen group(observation group)and traditional analgesia regimen group(control group), 30 cases in each group.Observation group: (1)Preemptive analgesia: Oral celecoxib 200 mg, qd.from 3 days before surgery, the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)score was used to evaluate the cognitive function; (2)Intraoperative analgesia: After the prosthesis was installed, choose to inject analgesics around the knee joint(ropivacaine 200 mg, morphine 5 mg, epinephrine 0.25 mg, dexamethasone 5 mg/100 ml normal saline, also known as "cocktail" solution); (3)Postoperative analgesia: After the operation, continuous saphenous nerve block(0.2% ropivacaine, 2 ml/h)was performed under ultrasound guidance, and the dose of nerve block was adjusted according to the degree of rehabilitation training.Control group: no special treatment before and during the operation, traditional postoperative patient-controlled intravenous analgesia(PCIA)was used after the operation, the formula WAs as follows: sufentanil(2 μg/kg)+ flurbiprofen axetil(200-300 mg)+ Tropisetron(5-10 mg). The numerical rating scale(NRS)scores were observed and recorded 1 day before surgery, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after surgery; the time of the first active straight leg raising after surgery, the time of landing; the range of motion(ROM)of the knee joint 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery; the American Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score(HSS)at 14 days, 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery; serum substance P(SP)and interleukin-6(IL-6)concentrations 1 day before surgery and 48 hours after surgery, and adverse events were recorded.Results:Compared with the control group, the patients in the observation group had lower NRS scores at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours after the operation( t=27.705, 27.532, 21.739, 25.780, all P<0.05); the first active straight leg raising time and the time of landing earlier after the operation, and the knee joint at 3, 7, and 14 days after the operation, the range of motion(ROM)was better( t=35.496, 43.716, 3.766, 5.216, 6.009, all P<0.05). And the American hospital for special surgery knee score(HSS)was higher at 14 days, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery( t=19.247, 32.337, 22.651, all P<0.05), but there was no significant difference at 6 months after surgery.Simultaneously, the serum SP and IL-6 concentrations in the observation group 48 h after the operation were (431.0±11.3)ng/L and(11.9±2.7)ng/L, respectively.Compared with the control group(442.5±15.6)ng/L, (14.4±2.9)ng/L( t=5.362, 4.144, both P<0.05). Compared with the control group, which were lower than those in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was lower, the length of hospital stay was shorter in the observation group( χ2=4.630, t=3.311, P=0.031, 0.002), and the other indicators had no statistical differences(all P>0.05). Conclusions:Multimodal low-opioid combined with saphenous nerve block analgesia can significantly reduce perioperative pain in elderly patients undergoing knee arthroplasty, improve early postoperative mobility, and speed up postoperative functional recovery.

Objective:To explore the effect of spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia on atelectasis in patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.Methods:A total of 60 patients aged 18-60 years scheduled for laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors under general anesthesia in the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from October 2021 to August 2022 were selected. The body mass index was 18.5-28.0 kg/m 2 and the American Society of Anesthesiology grade wasⅠ-Ⅱ. All patients were divided into the spontaneous breathing group (group S, 30 cases) and the controlled breathing group (group C, 30 cases) according to the random number table method. Patients in group S received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate (pumping at the speed of 200 ml/h) and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) for anesthesia induction; patients in group C received 0.2-0.3 mg/kg etomidate and 2 μg/kg remifentanil (slowly injected more than 30 s) and 0.2 mg/kg cisatracurium. After bispectral index (BIS) decreased to 80, the patients had no response to the language stimulation; and then the mask was used to closely fit the face and maintain spontaneous breathing in group S; patients in group C received manual positive pressure ventilation. Atelectasis scores were collected immediately after endotracheal intubation (T 1) and 15 min after transferring to the recovery room (T 3), and oxygenation index (OI) was collected 5 min after endotracheal intubation (T 2) and at T 3. The postoperative pulmonary complication (PPC) on the 3rd day after the operation was recorded. Results:A total of 56 patients were finally enrolled, 27 cases in group S and 29 cases in groups C. Compared with group C, the atelectasis score of group S at T 1 and T 3 decreased [T 1: (2.4±0.8) scores vs. (4.2±0.7) scores, t = -9.12, P < 0.001; T 3: (8.2±1.8) scores vs. (10.5±1.6) scores, t = -4.96, P < 0.001]. The OI increased at T 2 and T 3 in group S [T 2: (334±11) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (323±13) mmHg, t = 3.45, P = 0.001; T 3: (362±23) mmHg vs. (347±25) mmHg, t = 2.31, P = 0.025]. The incidence of PPC was 20.7% (6/29) and 18.5% (5/27), respectively in group C and group S on the 3rd day after the operation, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2 = 0.04, P = 0.838). Conclusions:Maintaining spontaneous breathing during induction of general anesthesia can reduce atelectasis caused by general anesthesia and improve oxygenation for patients undergoing laparoscopic resection of gastrointestinal tumors.

Objective To explore relevant factors of drinking relapse after alcohol withdrawal for patients with alcohol dependence. Methods 130 patients with pure alcohol dependence who were admitted from January 2012 to February 2013 were selected. They received withdrawal treatment and were followed-up after discharge. They were assigned to relapse group and non-relapse group. The relations between drinking relapse and clinical characteristics, socio-demographic data, family environment and cognitive functions during withdrawal period in the two groups were analyzed. Results Excepted for 21 patients who were out of touch, there were 67 patients in the relapse group and 42 patients in the non-relapse group. Amount of drinking, frequency of drinking, personality changes, emotional symptoms, being single/divorced, finan-cial situation, education years, and family history of alcoholism before the treatment between the two groups were signifi-cantly different (P<0.05). Intimacy, emotional expression, independence, entertainment, organization, controlling and con-tradictoriness in the family environment between the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05). During withdrawal pe-riod, total response number, number of completed classification and correct response rate of attention (DST and CPT-IP), memory (S/VM, SS and DS) and execution (WCST) between the two groups were significantly different (P<0.05). Amount of drinking, emotional symptoms, family intimacy, family organization, family independence, attention and execu-tion were independent influencing factors of drinking relapse for patients with alcohol dependence after withdrawal (P<0.05). Conclusion Patients with alcohol dependence have a large capacity for alcohol previously, and patients with emo-tional symptoms, in lack of intimacy, organization and independence in family environment, or in lack of attention and ex-ecution during withdrawal period are highly likely to relapse. Management of family environment and psychological thera-py should be attached great importance so as to improve patients' cognitive function during withdrawal period.

Objective: To investigate fast food consumption behaviors among 4th and 5th grade primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas in Qinghai Province, and to provide scientific basis for nutrition education and intervention measures for school age children in agricultural and pastoral areas. Methods: Using multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 969 fourth and fifth grade students were selected from 10 primary schools in 4 counties and districts in 3 cities of Haidong City, Hainan Prefecture and Haixi Prefecture from Qinghai Province. Self administered questionnaires were used to investigate the fast food consumption behaviors of participants. Results: The proportions of senior primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province who had consumed western fast food and traditioal fast food in the past week were 45.8% and 75.6%, respectively, with statistically significant differences ( χ 2=290.24, P <0.05). The times of traditional fast food consumption in the past week among boarding students were higher than that of non boarding students( Z =6.44,5.84, P <0.05). The main reasons for senior primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province to choose to consume western fast food were that it was delicious (84.7%), nutritious (62.6%), clean and hygienic (57.4%), and a better environment (57.0%). The top 4 reasons for chousing Chinese fast food were yummy(83.8%),nutritious(82.8%),clean and healthy(67.4%),and good environment(53.5%). Among the surveyed primary school students, 64.7% believed that diet structure of Chinese fast food was reasonable, 43.0% believed that the nutritional value of Chinese fast food was high, and 39.4% believed that the energy content of western fast food was high. Conclusion Fast food consumption is a common dietary behavior of senior primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province. Relevant departments should strengthen the nutrition education related to fast food, promote the dissemination of health knowledge, enable students to develop a good lifestyle and reduce fast food consumption.

Objective: To study the consumption of beverages among senior primary school students in rural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, China, in order to provide evidence for the development of nutrition and intervention strategies. Methods: A multi stage stratified cluster random sampling method was employed to select 969 primary school students in grades 4 and 5 from 10 schools in Hainan Autonomous Prefecture, Haixi Autonomous Prefecture and Haidong City. All participants completed a questionnaire survey on daily beverage consumption. The Chi square test was performed to compare differences in reported rates of beverage consumption among students in different groups. Results: The proportion of students who consumed beverages at home, school and elsewhere were 96.9%, 64.5% and 84.9%, respectively. The most popular beverages consumed at home were milk and yogurt ( 63.1 %), tea water (53.0%), and tea drinks (52.4%). The most popular beverages consumed at school were tea(29.8%), milk and yogurt (27.8%) and tea drinks (18.4%), while the most popular beverages consumed in other places were tea drinks ( 42.0 %), carbonated drinks (38.1%) and milk and yogurt (35.0%). The top five reasons for choosing a given beverage were taste delicious (81.2%), nutritious (57.6%),healthy and clean(52.6%),many students like to drink(39.6%),family members often drink(37.7%). Conclusion The consumption of beverages was popular among students, and sugared beverages represented a large proportion of the beverages consumed. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the food environment and provide effective nutrition education for students, so as to encourage the consumption of healthy beverages and cultivate healthy eating behaviors.

Objective: To understand the current situation regarding snack food consumption among grade 4 and grade 5 primary school students in agricultural and pastoral areas of Qinghai Province, China, and to provide a scientific basis for nutrition education and intervention strategies. Methods: Multistage stratified cluster random sampling was employed. The research included 969 fourth and fifth grade students were selected from 10 primary schools in four counties and districts of three cities in Haidong City, Hainan Prefecture and Haixi Prefecture in Qinghai Province. The self report questionnaire method was used to investigate the current status regarding snack food consumption in this population. Results: The proportion of students who consumed snack food at home, school and elsewhere were 98.2%, 88.5% and 75.4%, respectively. Male students reported a lower rate of snack consumption at school than female students ( χ 2=9.66). The fifth grade students reported a higher rate of snack consumption at home and other places than the fourth grade students ( χ 2=10.31, 6.77). The reported rate of snack consumption of students in the rural was higher than that in the county( χ 2=6.03,100.53, 24.77). The reported rate of snack consumption of boarding students at home was lower than that of non-boarding students ( χ 2=7.22), while the reported rate of snack consumption at school was higher than that of non-boarding students ( χ 2=9.04）（ P <0.01). The most popular snacks consumed at home included fruits and vegetables, cereals and nuts (76.9%, 67.2%, 63.7%), while the most popular snacks consumed at school were fruits and vegetables, cereals and candies (45.1%, 36.9%, 24.4%). The most popular snacks consumed in other settings included ice cream, candies and beverages(54.7%, 51.6%, 42.9%). The top three reasons for snacking were that snacks were regarded as delicious, healthy/nutritious and clean (76.9%, 65.5% and 59.0%, respectively). Conclusion Snacking is popular among students, although many snacks are unhealthy. Therefore, there is a need to improve food environments and nutrition education, so as to help students to choose healthy beverages and adopt healthy eating behaviors.