Objective To determine the expressions of transcription factor activator protein-2α (AP-2α), estrogen receptor-β (ER-β) and matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in lichen planus (LP) lesions and their significance. Methods Tissue samples were resected from the lesions of 30 patients with LP and normal skin of 30 human controls. An immunohistochemical method using streptavidin-peroxidase (SP) was performed to detect the expression of ER-β and MMP-9, reverse transcription-PCR and Western blot to measure the mRNA and protein expressions of AP-2α, ER-β and MMP-9 in these specimens. Results There was a significant decrease in the mRNA expressions of AP-2α (0.488 ± 0.039 vs. 1.008 ± 0.023, P < 0.01 ) and ER-β (0.365 ± 0.032 vs. 0.998 ± 0.036, P < 0.01), together with an increase in the expression of MMP-9 (1.237 ± 0.027 vs. 0.567 ± 0.015, P< 0.01) in the LP lesions compared with the control specimens; similar results were observed for the protein expressions of AP-2α, ER-β and MMP-9. In LP lesions, the expression of AP-2α was positively correlated with that of ER-β (R = 0.89, P < 0.01), but negatively correlated with that of MMP-9 (r = -0.91, P < 0.01). Conclusions The down-regulation of ER-β expression and up-regulation of MMP-9 expression may be ascribed to the abnormal regulation of upstream target genes mediated by the decreased expression of AP-2α, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of LP.

A mutation of intron 7, the point mutation in exon 9 was synonymous. Conclusion Two novel mutations of KEL gene are identified.

Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in those of working age.It is well known that the retinal vasculature is altered during diabetes.More recently,it has emerged that neuronal,glial dysfunction and electroretinogram changes occur in those with diabetes.Current research is directed at understanding these neuronal and glial changes because they may be an early manifestation of disease processes that ultimately lead to vascular abnormality.This review will highlight the recent advances in our understanding of the neuronal,glial dysfunction,electroretiongram changes that occur during diabetes.

Objective To study the combined effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ( ELF-EMF ) exposure (50 Hz and 3 mT) and high temperature exposure on hsp22 and hsp26 expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Methods Under the conditions of 50 Hz and 3 mT ELF-EMF,the male and female D.melanogaster was separately exposed for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃,and 35℃, respectively.The death rate, exercise capacity and the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were detected after exposure;or at 25℃and 35℃at 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, and 24 h, respectively.The hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were tested after exposure .Results After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, temperature had a significant effect (P<0.01) on the death rate, exercise capacity and the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster, but ELF-EMF had no significant effect (P>0.05).After exposure for 2 h at 25℃, 27.5℃, 30℃, 32.5℃, and 35℃, the hsp22 and hsp26 expression levels of D.melanogaster were significantly impacted(P<0.01) by gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time, and tem-perature was the most important factor .Gender, temperature, ELF-EMF and exposure time had some interaction with the results.Conclusion ELF-EMF can influence the expression levels of hsp22 and hsp26.ELF-EMF exposure contributes to heat tolerance in D.melanogaster through accelerated expression of hsp22 and hsp26.

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of fixative solutions on paraffin section of mouse lens tissue and optimize the fixing?method of paraffin section in mouse lens tissue. Methods Three kinds of conventional fixatives were selected for the test ,including the conven?tional Davison’s solution,modified Davison’s solution and 10%neutral buffered formalin. Mice eyeball tissues were fixed with three different fixa?tives,embedded,sliced and then stained with HE method. The paraffin slices were observed under the light microscope. Results The structures of lens and retina fixed in conventional Davison ’s fixative solutions were clear and intact ,and the cells were arranged regularly and compactly. There was no eyeball distortion,contraction and retinal detachment in the eyeballs fixed in modified and conventional Davison’s fixative solution. However,the ones fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin showed eyeball distortion and contraction,space and spherules. Conclusion The mice lens slides made from tissues fixed by conventional Davison ’s fixative solution are better than fixed by modified Davison ’s fixative solution and the 10%neutral buffered formalin fixed ones.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate ADR induced by dasatinib,and to provide reference for clinical rational drug use. METHODS:By means of literature metrology method,dasatinib-induced ADR cases domestically and internationally reported were analyzed. RSEULTS:A total of 63 ADR cases were induced by dasatinib,and the age of patients were mainly 41-60 years old. The most cases(25.4%)occurred within 1 month of medication. The patients mainly were from Asian countries and regions(53.9%). Organs/systems involved in dasatinib induced ADRs were mainly respiratory system(40.1%),digestive system(17.5%)and hema-tologic system(11.7%). Main clinical manifestations were pleural effusion(23 cases),pulmonary artery hypertension(15 cases), expiratory dyspnea(8 cases),diarrhea(8 cases),etc. CONCLUSIONS:Daring the use of dasatinib,great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring and prevention so as to avoid serious ADR.

A rapid resolution liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric (RRLC-Q-TOF-MS) method was established and optimized for the analysis of pharmacokinetic behavior of ginsenoside Rb2 in rats by intravenous injection administration.The metabolism of ginsenosides Rb2 in vivo rat was also explored.In the experiment,Agilent SB C18 column was selected for the sample separation with 0.1％ aqueous formic acid solution as mobile phase (A) and acetonitrile as mobile phase (B) at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min,and the injection volume was set to 5 μL.Q-TOF-MS was carried out in electron pray ionization (ESI) negative ion mode.The limit of quantification (LOQ,S/N =10) and limit of detection (LOD,S/N=3) were 0.10 and 0.08 μg/mL,respectively,and the linear range was 0.1-1.26 μg/mL.The experiment results showed that the concentration-time profile of ginsenoside Rb2 conformed to a two-compartment pharmacokinetic model after intravenous administration for rats.The mean plasma elimination half-lives were (23.58±1.10) min (t1/2α),(1306.55±147.23) min (t1/2β) for Rb2.By analyzing the urine of rats after intravenous administration and the fecal samples after oral administration of ginsenoside Rb2,it was found that the metabolites were M6,M2 (CY),F2,and C-K.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of ADC values in the evaluation of normal fetal brain development by measuring ADC values changes in specific regions with advancing gestational age.Methods Forty fetuses(gestational age:24 to 41 weeks) with normal brain underwent DWI(b value were 0 and 600 s/mm2).ADC values of the frontal white matter(WM),occipital WM,thalamus,basal ganglia,and cerebellum were measured by post-processing software.The differences among different regions' ADC values were calculated by repeated measurements of ANOVA,and simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between ADC values and gestational age.Results The mean ADC valuesof 40 fetuses were(1 800±214) ×10-6mm2/s in frontal WM,(1 400±100) ×10-6mm2/s in basal ganglia,(1 300±126) ×10-6mm2/s in thalamus,(1 700±133) ×10-6mm2/s in occipital WM and(1 400± 155) × 10-6mm2/s in cerebellum,respectively.There was significant difference in the ADC values among the five regions(F=80.813,P＜0.01).In pair-wise comparison,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus and cerebellum had no significant difference; however,others had significant difference between each other.With the increasing gestational age,ADC values of basal ganglia,thalamus,occipital WM and cerebellum decreased,and had significant negative correlations with gestational age(Pearson correlation coefficient were-0.568,-0.716,-0.830 and-0.700,respectively,all P＜0.01).In terms of ADC value,occipital WM declined fastest with gestational age,followed by cerebellum and thalamus,and the slowest was basal ganglia.Frontal ADC values showed no correlation with gestational age(P＞0.05).Conclusions Specific regions of fetal brain have specific ADC values,and ADC values of the region undergo regular change with advancing gestational age.ADC value is a specific quantitative parameter that could help to evaluate normal brain development and early diagnosis of fetal brain lesions.

BACKGROUND: There are different methods to isolate and culture human nucleus pulposus cells, and the differences in digestive enzymes components and digestion time quite are significant. So how to rapidly and efficiently harvest human nucleus pulposus cells has become a research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To optimize the digestive enzymes components and digestion methods for the preparation of human nucleus pulposus cells. METHODS: Nucleus pulposus tissue specimens were selected from three adult discs in the Department of Orthopedics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University. The acute traumatic disc tissues that outstanding to the spinal canal were taken under aseptic conditions, and then the peripheral white annulus and jel y-like nucleus pulposus in the center could be seen. According to different mixed enzyme concentration ratio, the samples were divided into two groups. The enzyme Ⅰ group was treated with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase; and the mixed enzymeⅡ group was digested with 0.25% trypsin for 30 minutes, and then treated with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase. According to digestion time, each group was divided into three subgroups: 2 hours group, 4 hours group, and overnight group. Final y, suspended cel volume was decided as 2 mL to count cells. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing fetal bovine serum was used for cel culture in vitro. Trypan blue staining was performed to count total cel number and ratio of living cells. Methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect the growth curve of nucleus pulposus cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Based on the two digestion enzyme concentration, the number of digested cells in the enzyme Ⅰ group was larger than that in the enzyme Ⅱ group after digested for 2 and 4 hours, but the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). Overnight, cellsurvival rate was decreased in the enzyme Ⅰ group after digested for 2 and 4 hours when compared with the enzyme Ⅱ group, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). After digested for 4 hours, tissue blocks disappeared, and the number of cells reached maximum. The results indicate that enzyme Ⅰgroup composite with Ⅱ col agenase is benefit for the separation of nucleus pulposus cells, and the digestion time is appropriate to 4 hours. This condition has the advantages of simple operation, high efficiency and low cost, and it considered that digestion of nucleus pulposus tissues with 0.2% Ⅱ col agenase for 4 hours is the best condition to obtain nucleus pulposus cells.