Cancer is unquestionably the greatest worldwide threat to humanity. With fewer side effects, natural anticancer medicines are the most prevalent. Anticancer benefits of dietary polyphenols could be achieved through carcinogen elimination, cancer cell signalling alteration, antioxidant enzymatic activities, and apoptosis-inducing substances, according to the likely approach to anticancer effects of dietary polyphenols research. This study aims to investigate the apoptosis induction mediated by Moringa oleifera in in vitro and other molecular targets in vivo in all types of cancer studies, as well as to describe the most recent and comprehensive research on antioxidant and anticancer characteristics. The terms "molecular target", "signalling pathway", "apoptosis", "Moringa oleifera extract", "mechanism of action", "cancer", "tumour", "carcinoma", and "melanoma" were used to search four online databases, PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, for relevant articles published between 2009 and 2019.

Objective: This study estimated nationally representative medical expenditures of gynecologic cancers, described treatment patterns and assessed key risk factors associated with the economic burden in the United States. Methods: A retrospective repeated measures design was used to estimate the effect of gynecologic cancers on medical expenditures and utilization among women. Data were extracted from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (weighted sample of 609,787 US adults) from 2007 to 2014. Using the behavioral model of health services utilization, characteristics of cancer patients were examined and compared among uterine, cervical, and ovarian cancer patients. Multivariable linear regression models were conducted on medical expenditure with a prior logarithmic transformation. Results: The estimated annual medical expenditure attributed to gynecologic cancers was $3.8 billion, with an average cost of $6,293 per patient. The highest annual cost per person was ovarian cancer ($13,566), followed by uterine cancer ($6,852), and cervical cancer ($2,312). The major components of medical costs were hospital inpatient stays (53%, $2.03 billion), followed by office-based visits (15%, $559 million), and outpatient visits (13%, $487 million). Two key prescription expenditures were antineoplastic hormones (10.3%) and analgesics (9.2%). High expenditures were significantly associated with being a married woman (p<0.001), having private health insurance (p<0.001), being from a low- and middleincome family (p<0.001), or living in the Midwest or the South (p<0.001). Conclusion The key risk factors and components were well described for the economic burden of gynecologic cancers. With a growing population of cancer patients, efforts to reduce the burden of gynecologic cancers are warranted.

Introduction: Most of the authors currently agree that congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV) or idiopathic clubfoot can be effectively treated with the Ponseti method instead of extensive soft tissue surgery. This study was conducted to investigate whether there is a difference in the outcome between starting treatment before one month of age or after that age. Methods: This is a retrospective study on babies with CTEV treated in University Malaya Medical Centre from 2013 to 2017. The 54 babies (35 boys and 19 girls) were divided into two cohorts, Group 1 that had treatment before the age of one month, and Group 2 that had treatment after one month old. The number of cast changes, rate of full correction, and rate of relapse after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results: Of the 54 babies, with 77 CTEV treated during the period, our outcome showed that the mean number of cast change was 5.9 for Group 1 and 5.7 for Group 2. The difference was not statistically significant. All the affected feet (100%) achieved full correction. One foot in the Group 1 relapsed, while three feet in Group 2 relapsed, but the difference was also not statistically significant. All of the relapsed feet were successfully treated with repeated Ponseti method. Conclusions: Treating CTEV using Ponseti method starting after one month was not associated with more casting change of higher rate of relapse

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common form of congenital heart disease. Adult patients with CoA may be asymptomatic or may present with hypertension. Over the last few years, endovascular management of adult patients with CoA emerged as the preferred strategy. Stent implantation, though technically challenging, offers the best and most lasting therapy. In this paper, we will review technical considerations and outcome of patients undergoing stent implantation for CoA.
Adult ; Angioplasty, Balloon ; Aortic Coarctation ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Stents

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common form of congenital heart disease. Adult patients with CoA may be asymptomatic or may present with hypertension. Over the last few years, endovascular management of adult patients with CoA emerged as the preferred strategy. Stent implantation, though technically challenging, offers the best and most lasting therapy. In this paper, we will review technical considerations and outcome of patients undergoing stent implantation for CoA.

OBJECTIVETo establish the antibacterial activity of lanthanides complexes with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand L.

METHODS(N, N'-bis (1-naphthaldimine)-o-phenylenediamine) was prepared from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2:1. The antimicrobial activity of the resultant Ln (III) complexes was investigated using agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques; the latter was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations for each compound investigated.

RESULTSMost of Ln (III) complexes were found to exhibit antibacterial activities against a number of pathogenic bacteria with MICs ranging between 1.95-250.00 µg/mL. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterial species to [LaL(NO3)2(H2O)](NO3) complex while Shigella dysenteriae and Escherichia coli required a relatively higher MIC (250 µg/mL). The complexes La (III) and Pr (III) were effective inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Sm (III) complex was effective against Serratia marcescens. On the other hand, Gd (III), La (III) and Nd (III) were found to be more potent inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than two of commonly used antibiotics. The remaining Ln (III) complexes showed no remarkable activity as compared to the two standard drugs used.

CONCLUSIONSTetradentate Schiff base ligand L and its complexes could be a potential antibacterial compounds after further investigation.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Bacteria ; drug effects ; Disk Diffusion Antimicrobial Tests ; Lanthanoid Series Elements ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ligands ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Schiff Bases ; chemistry

Objective: To establish the antibacterial activity of lanthanides complexes with a tetradentate Schiff base ligand L. Methods: (N, N'-bis (1-naphthaldimine)-o-phenylenediamine) was prepared from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde with o-phenylenediamine in a molar ratio of 2:1. The antimicrobial activity of the resultant Ln (III) complexes was investigated using agar well diffusion and micro-broth dilution techniques; the latter was used to establish the minimum inhibitory concentrations for each compound investigated. Results: Most of Ln (III) complexes were found to exhibit antibacterial activities against a number of pathogenic bacteria with MICs ranging between 1.95-250.00 μg/mL. Staphylococcus aureus was the most susceptible bacterial species to [LaL(NO3)2(H2O)](NO3) complex while Shigella dysenteriae andEscherichia coli required a relatively higher MIC (250 μg/mL). The complexes La (III) and Pr (III) were effective inhibitors against Staphylococcus aureus, whereas Sm (III) complex was effective against Serratia marcescens. On the other hand, Gd (III), La (III) and Nd (III) were found to be more potent inhibitors against Pseudomonas aeruginosa than two of commonly used antibiotics. The remaining Ln (III) complexes showed no remarkable activity as compared to the two standard drugs used. Conclusions: Tetradentate Schiff base ligand L and its complexes could be a potential antibacterial compounds after further investigation.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: With the exception of bicuspid aortic valves, atrial septal defects (ASDs) are the most common congenital heart lesions found in adults. A mortality and morbidity benefit has clearly been demonstrated in the treatment of this lesion in younger patients. However, the benefits of ASD closure are less well defined in the elderly. We report our experience with transcatheter ASD closure and detail its impact on functional status and right ventricular remodeling as indicators of right heart failure in patients greater than 60 years of age. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients (median age 70 years) underwent ASD closure at a single center during an eight-year period. Data were collected and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Transcatheter closure was successful in all patients. No major complications occurred during the periprocedural or follow-up periods. Complete defect closure was documented in 97% of patients during follow-up. All patients improved by at least one New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class. Following ASD closure, no patient was in NYHA III or IV. The median right-ventricular end-diastolic diameter decreased from 39 mm to 26.6 mm (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Atrial septal defect closure is safe and effective in elderly patients. Our data and prior published data consistently demonstrate that even patients greater than 60 years of age experience improvement in functional status and right ventricular remodeling. Therefore, patient age should not influence the decision of whether an ASD should be closed.
Adult ; Aged ; Aortic Valve ; Bicuspid ; Follow-Up Studies ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial ; Humans ; New York ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventricular Remodeling

Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; instrumentation ; methods ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Treatment Outcome