Objective To study the effects of density,phosphorous(P),and nitrogen(N)fertilizers on yield and quality of Andrographis paniculata.Methods Randomized block design in yield was used and HPLC was used to analyze the content of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide.Results Plant height,fresh weight,dry weight,content of dehydroandrographolide were influenced significantly by density.The quality character and economic yield of content of andrographolide,dehydroandrographolide,total content of both andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide were significantly influenced by P nutrition.The economic yield of dry weight,content of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide,and total content of both andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide were influenced significantly or extreme significantly by N nutrition.P and the interaction of P and N fertilizer extremely influenced the economic yield.The relative influences between plant weight and dry weight was extremely significance,that between quality character and quality character,that between quality character and economic yield were significant or extremely significant.Conclusion When planted with 1.8?105 /hm2,fertilizered with P2O5 540 kg/hm2 and pure N 225 kg/hm2,the hightest economic yield is gained.

Objective: To understand the prevalence of myopia among primary and secondary school students in minority areas of Yunnan Province, and to explore the influence of outdoor activities and short-distance use of eyes, so as to provide a basis for early myopia intervention. Methods: In October 2020, the survey was conducted among 1 782 primary and secondary school students in three cities of Yunnan through a multi stage random cluster sampling method. All subjects underwent a questionnaire survey and the visual acuity examination at baseline. The first follow-up was conducted in October 2021 to obtain 1 691 valid samples, and the second follow-up was conducted in May 2023 to obtain 1 367 valid samples. Factors associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students were explored by using generalized estimating equations. Results: The prevalence rates of myopia in 2020, 2021 and 2023 were 52.64%, 61.62% and 69.35%, respectively, showing an increasing trend ( χ 2 trend =91.77, P <0.05). The results of multivariate regression analysis on the generalized estimation equations showed that age at baseline ( OR =1.31), girls ( OR =1.76), Hani ethnicity ( OR =0.75), Bai ethnicity ( OR =0.69), parental myopia ( OR =1.97-2.29), parents often reducing children s exercise time for homework or tutoring ( OR =1.35), less than 1 time or 2-3 times of ball sports per week ( OR =1.27, 1.20 ), reading and writing in the classroom during the break ( OR =1.27), reading in direct sunlight occasionally ( OR =1.20), using only desk lamp for writing at home ( OR =0.71), more than 1 hours of short-distance eye use for a break once ( OR =1.23) were associated with myopia among primary and secondary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions Outdoor activities and short-distance use of eye among primary and middle school students in minority areas in Yunnan province are suboptimal. Enhancing the related environmental and behavioral factors can effectively mitigate the occurrence and progression of myopia.

Objective To study the effect of matrine on Calpain and MAP-2 in rats with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE).Methods In accordance with the random number table ,60 Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups randomly: normal group,model group,dexamethasone(DEX)-treated group(1mg/kg),high-dose matrine(MAT)-treated group(250mg/kg),middle-dose MAT-treated group(200mg/kg) and low-dose MAT-treated group(150mg/kg).The EAE models were induced by immunized spinal cord extracts of guinea pig with complete Freunds'adjuvant.Rats of three MAT-treated groups and DEX-treated group were injected intraper-itoneally with MAT and DEX daily for 16 days respectively,whereas rats of normal group and model group were injected intraperitoneally with normal saline.Clinical signs of rats in six groups were observed daily .Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) was used to analyze histopathological evaluation of spinal cord .μ-Calpain,m-Calpain and MAP-2 in spinal cord were determined using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively .Results Compared with the model group[(2.85 ±0.78)points],the clinical scores were significantly decreased in high-dose-MAT group[(1.28 ± 0.59) points], middle-dose-MAT group [(1.45 ±0.64) points] and low-dose-MAT group [(2.09 ± 0.71)points](t =5.345,4.314,2.869,all P <0.05).The HE score of rats in model group[(2.49 ±0.29)points] was significantly higher than that in high-dose-MAT group[(1.04 ±0.26) points],middle-dose-MAT group [(1.29 ±0.20) points] and low-dose-MAT group[(1.77 ±0.24)points] (t =5.185,4.274,3.629,all P <0.01).The levels of μ-Calpain mRNA and m-Calpain mRNA in the three MAT-treated groups were significantly lower than those in model group(t =10.656,9.418,7.044,all P <0.01;t =6.332,5.416,3.978,all P <0.01).In addition,the expression of MAP-2 in the spinal cord of EAE rats showed a marked elevation after MAT treatment (t =12.841,9.924,7.038,all P <0.01).Conclusion Matrine may be an effective therapeutic approach for EAE by inhibiting Calpain and increase MAP-2 expression.

Pace of life and work of people is accelerating nowadays, and hospitals keep improving their services, which gives rise to the decoction and delivery service from the third party vendors for traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Given the quality control standards for the TCM decoction service as issued by Zhejiang and other regions, the systems of supervision and assessment remain incomplete.Authors of the paper introduced a project improvement team, composed of Chinese medicine pharmacy, Chinese medicine experience specialists, vendors of Chinese medicine decoction and express delivery companies, hence establishing a " three-in-one" supervision system of Internet+TCM decoction and delivery service. This practice can optimize the assessment indexes, strengthen the assessment system of assessment transformation and supervision system for patient medication.It proves that the practice contributes to higher quality and safety of TCM decoction and delivery service, improves the ability and level of TCM services, and ensures the medication safety of patients.

Objective: To explore the related factors of myopia among children and adolescents in Yunnan Province, and to predict and evaluate the influencing factors, so as to provide a scientific theoretical basis for the prevention and control of myopia. Methods: From March 9 to 14, 2023, 848 students from 6 primary and secondary schools in Dali and Lijiang of Yunnan Province were selected by multi stage stratified random cluster sampling method for visual acuity detection and questionnaire survey on myopia related factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to establish a Nomogram prediction model for the selected influencing factors. Results: The overall myopia rate of the respondents was 68.3%, the myopia rate of boys (63.4%) was lower than that of girls (72.9%), and the myopia rate of primary school students (46.7%) was lower than that of junior high school students (81.1%), and the difference was statistically significant（ χ 2=8.71, 108.07, P <0.05). Daily eye exercises, activities outside the teaching building during recess, having daily sleep time of 7-9 and >9 h, having both parents without myopia were negatively correlated with the occurrence of myopia in children and adolescents in Yunnan Province ( OR=0.64, 0.63, 0.56, 0.28, 0.48, P < 0.05 ). The reading and writing time after school ≥3 h per day and parents unrestricted time to play video games were positively correlated with myopia ( OR=1.94, 1.78, P <0.05). Based on the influencing factors, a Nomogram prediction model was established to quantitatively evaluate the risk of myopia. The results showed that greater risk for myopia was associated with sleep duration, parental history of myopia, and the time spent reading and writing after school every day. Conclusion Both genetic factors and environmental factors are related to myopia in children and adolescents. The prediction model of nomogram is beneficial for screening high risk factors of myopia and taking corresponding prevention and treatment measures.

Objective To assess ocular biometric parameters among primary and secondary school students from Naxi,Bai and Han ethnic groups in Yunnan Province.Methods The school-based study was conducted in October 2020.A total of 724 second-,third-and seventh-graders were selected from Dali and Lijiang,where Bai and Naxi ethnic groups inhabit,using a stratified cluster sampling method to receive questionnaire surveys and eye examinations.Non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent(SE),axial length(AL),anterior chamber depth(ACD),corneal radius of curvature(CR),central corneal thickness(CCT),white-to-white(WTW)distance,and the AL/CR ratio were measured.Covariance analysis was used to examine the differences in SE and ocular biometric parameters in terms of ethnicity,sex and grade,while Pearson correlation was used to test the associations among the said indicators.Results There were no significant differences in daily outdoor time,screen time and sleep time among the three ethnic groups regardless of grades(all P＞0.05).The mean CCT of Naxi students was lower than that of Han and Bai students[grade 2 and grade 3:(542.48±39.76)μm vs.(553.81±31.83)μm and(559.27±32.79)μm;grade7:(538.86±34.91)μm vs.(547.41±33.55)μm and(548.26± 32.98)μm,all P＜0.05],while no significant differences were found in the other ocular biometric parameters among the three ethnic groups(all P＞0.05).Among the seventh-graders,the SE,AL and AL/CR ratio of Naxi students were signifi-cantly different from those of Han and Bai students(all P＜0.05).The AL,CR,ACD,CCT,WTW distance,and mean SE were lower in girls than in boys(all P＜0.05).Compared with grade 2 and grade 3,students of grade 7 had longer AL,deeper ACD and thinner CCT(all P＜0.05),while no significant differences were found in CR and WTW distance(all P＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that the AL/CR ratio was highly correlated with SE(r=-0.78,P＜0.05).Conclu-sion Multiethnic primary and secondary school students may face similar environmental risks.Yet,disparities in ocular biometric parameters caused by ethnicity,sex and age should be noted.

Objective    To investigate the risk factors for anastomotic leakage after McKeown esophagectomy, and to establish a risk prediction model for early clinical intervention. Methods    We selected 469 patients including 379 males and 90 females, with a median age of 67 (42-91) years, who underwent McKeown esophagectomy in our department from 2018 to 2019. The clinical data of the patients were analyzed. Results    Among the 469 patients, 7.0% (33/469) patients had anastomotic leakage after McKeown esophagectomy. Logistic analysis showed that the risk factors for anastomotic leakage were operation time >4.5 h, postoperative low albumin and postoperative hypoxemia (P<0.05). A prognostic nomogram model was established based on these factors with the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.769 (95%CI 0.677-0.861), indicating a good predictive value. Conclusion    Operation time >4.5 h, postoperative low albumin and postoperative hypoxemia are the independent risk factors for anastomotic leakage after McKeown esophagectomy. Through the nomogram prediction model, early detection and intervention can be achieved, and the hospital stay can be shortened.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription in the treatment of infertility induced by idiopathic asthenozoospermia （iAZS） with kidney-Yang deficiency and collateral obstruction syndrome and its effect on sperm DNA damage and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the seminal plasma. MethodsA total of 112 eligible patients who met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into an observation group （56 cases） and a control group （56 cases）. The patients in the observation group were treated with herb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription，while those in the control group received levocarnitine oral liquid. The primary observation indicators included spouse pregnancy rate，progressive motility （PR），and total sperm motility，and the secondary observation indicators included sperm DNA fragmentation index （DFI），SOD in the seminal plasma， and improvement of TCM syndromes. The treatment cycle was 12 weeks. Before and after treatment，the PR，total sperm motility，sperm DFI，SOD in the seminal plasma， and TCM syndrome scores were recorded. The patients were followed up for 12 weeks and the pregnancy status of spouses within 24 weeks （half a year） was recorded. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated. ResultThe pregnancy rate of spouses in the observation group was 15.69% （8/51）， higher than 3.85% （2/52） in the control group （χ²=4.118，P<0.05）. The total effective rate of the observation group was 88.24%（45/51）， superior to 69.23% （36/52）in the control group （Z=-3.402，P<0.01）. After treatment， PR， total sperm motility，sperm DFI， SOD in the seminal plasma， and TCM syndromes of the two groups were improved compared with those before treatment （P<0.05）， and the observation group was superior to the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionHerb-partitioned moxibustion on the navel combined with Yishen Tongluo prescription in the treatment of iAZS-induced infertility patients with kidney-Yang deficiency and collateral obstruction syndrome can increase PR，total sperm motility， and SOD level in the seminal plasma， reduce sperm DFI，improve the TCM symptoms of patients， and improve the pregnancy rate of spouses. The mechanism may be attributed to the fact that this treatment can increase the SOD level in the seminal plasma of patients，enhance the body's antioxidant function，protect sperm from oxidative stress damage，and reduce sperm DFI.

Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent programmed cell death characterized by reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxide accumulation, which is different from cell apoptosis, pyroptosis, necrosis or autophagy. Ferroptosis plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis and tumor development. Recent studies have shown that natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells through glutathione (GSH)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) pathway, iron metabolism, lipid metabolism or other mechanisms. It has been reported that more than 30 natural medicinal ingredients can induce ferroptosis in tumor cells with multiple pathways and multiple targets. This article reviews the current research progress on the antitumor effects of natural medicinal ingredients through inducing cell ferroptosis.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Ferroptosis ; Humans ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Reactive Oxygen Species