Objective To investigate the effect of the teaching method of self design experiment in biochemistry experiment teaching.Methods A total 196 students of Grade 2013 majored in clinical medicine from the Medical College of Shanxi Datong University,were randomly divided into two groups.Students in the control group used traditional teaching method,while students in experimental group were taught with designed experiment teaching method,choosing the experimental project independently,designing and operating the experimental,then summarizing the experiment.After the end of the experiment,the experimental results of each group were evaluated,and the questionnaires were distributed to two groups of students.The teaching effect and the influence on the students were investigated.SPSS 13.0 was used for data processing and the data was made test and t test.Results The experimental grade analysis showed that experimental group was obviously higher than control group in the total score[(83.50 ± 3.27) vs.(65.62 ± 4.20)] and grade of test report[(25.27 ± 1.55) vs.(19.21 ± 2.01)],there was statistically significant (t=33.24,P=0.034;t=23.59,P=0.025),experimental group had significant(t=13.71,P=0.000) higher scores than control group in experimental test scores [(23.41 ± 2.27) vs.(19.42±1.78)],but there was no statistically significant difference (t=23.12,P=0.136) in usually scores[(34.29 ± 2.17) vs.(26.91 ± 2.30)].Survey results showed that the design experiment teaching had very obvious advantages than the traditional teaching method in students' self-study ability (P=0.000),the ability to solve problems (P=0.000) and team spirit of cooperation (P=0.000) culture.Conclusion Compared with traditional teaching method,the self-designed experimental teaching method was better in stimulating students' study interest and analyzing and solving the problem,laying a good foundation for clinical practice of Medical College Students.

Objective To determine the risk factors for development of early acute renal failure (ARF) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in patients with normal renal function.Methods Sixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients aged 28-64 yr weighing 35-88 kg undergoing OLT were studied.Their preoperative serum Cr and BUN were within normal range.Early ARF was defined as serum Cr≥132 μmol/L and/or BUN≥18 mmol/L within 24 h after operation.The patients were divided into 2 groups: ARF group and non-ARF group.Arterial blood samples and urine specimens were collected before induction of anesthesia for determination of blood β2-micreglobulin(β2-MG) and urinary β2-MG and N-acetyl-β-D-glucurenidnse (NAG). Factors including preoperative liver function,preoperative blood and urinary β2-MG,the amount of urine output and bank blood infused during operation,MAP during anhepatic and neohepatic phase,the amount of vnsoactive drugs and diuretics used during operation,hypotension and arrbythmia during operation were recorded.The risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis.Results Logistic analysis indicated that serum β2-MG higher than normal value before operation and persistent hypotensien during operation were closely correlated with development of early ARF after OLT.Conclusion Serum β2-MG higher than the normal value before operation.and persistent hypotension during operation are the risk factors for early ARF after OLT.

Diagnosis of acute heart ischemia induced by coronary artery spasm(CAS)is not clear yet.We have systematically studied the histopathological,enzyme-histochemical and ultrastructural of the autolytic and the ischemic changes ofthe raf's heart induced by the injection of the pitutrin into the rat's sublingualvein.The PTAH stain demonstrated that some irregular transverse bands hadappeared in the muscular fibers.The adenosine triphosphatase activity in smallarteries was decreased.The author suggests that the results are helpful fordignosis of acute heart ischemia caused by CAS.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery from anesthesia in the patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) with propofol anesthesia.Methods One hundred and ten patients of both sexes,aged 18-50 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective MECT with general anesthesia,were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n =55 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg (in normal saline 10 ml) over 10 min in group D,while normal saline 10 ml was infused intravenously over 10 min in group C.Propofol 1.5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 0.5 mg/kg were injected intravenously,and MECT was performed in the two groups.The emergence time was recorded.The development of cardiovascular events,nausea and vomiting,respiratory depression,headache,somnolence and agitation during recovery from anesthesia was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of nausea and vomiting,headache and agitation during recovery from anesthesia was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the emergence time,and incidence of hypertension,tachycardia,respiratory depression and somnolence during recovery from anesthesia in group D (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine (intravenously infused in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min before anesthesia) can raise the quality of recovery from anesthesia in the patients undergoing MECT with propofol anesthesia.

Objective To explore the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation(NMES) on hyolaryngeal structural movement in post-stroke dysphagia.Methods Thirty patients with post-stroke dysphagia were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =10) namely group A,group B and group C.On the basis of routine swallowing training,medication and rehabiliation given to group C,group A was provided with VitalStim therapy on both suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles,while group B was only on suprahyoid muscles lasting 2 weeks.Before and after treatment,the Video Fluoroscopy Swallowing Study (VFSS) was carried out and the upward and forward displacement distances of the hyoid and thyroid cartilage when swallowing pap were measured.Moreover,water swallow test,dysphagia severity scale and DOSS scores were used to assess the swallowing function.Results After 2 weeks' treatment,the water drinking test score,dysphagia severity scale and DOSS scores increased significantly in all groups than before treatment.The water drinking test score of group A (2.40 ± 1.26) and group B (2.10 ± 0.99),dysphagia severity scale of group A (5.30 ± 1.89) and group B(5.20 ± 1.69),as well as the DOSS level of group A (5.20 ± 1.40) and group B (5.10 ± 1.45) were significantly better than the control group.However,no significant difference was observed in all measurements between group A and group B.The group B revealed a significantly increase in anterior hyoid excursion distance of (12.15 ± 7.59) mm,much bigger than that before treatment and that of group A and B after treatment.Conclusion NMES on the basis of traditional swallowing training can improve the swallowing function of post-stroke dysphagia patients,and NMES on suprahyoid muscles can further induce an increase in anterior hyoid excursion.

Objective To evaluate the effects of propofol,etomidate and midazolam on gap junction function in rats in vitro and in vivo.Methods Experiment Ⅰ NRK52E cells were seeded in 6-well plates with the density of 1.0 × 105/ml and randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 wells each):control group (group C),propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E) and midazolam group (group M).In group C,NRK52E cells were cultured in DMEM-F12 culture medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum.In P,E and M groups,propofol,etomidate and midazolam (with the final concentrations of 15,8 and 4μmol/L,respectively) were added to the culture medium,respectively,and the cells were then incubated for 1 h.Parachute dye-coupling assay was used to measure the gap junction function in NRK52E cells.Experiment Ⅱ Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 2 months,weighing 220-280 g,were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =6 each):propofol group (group P),etomidate group (group E),midazolam group (group M),and control group (group C).In P,E and M groups,propofol 100 mg/kg,etomidate 6 mg/kg and midazolam 5 mg/kg were injected intraperitoneally once a day for 3 consecutive days,respectively.The equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group C.The animals were sacrificed at 30 min after the last administration and the renal cortex was harvested to measure the gap junction function using tissue scrape and load assay.Results Compared with group C,the gap junction function was significantly decreased in P and E groups (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in the gap junction function in group M (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Propofol and etomidate significantly inhibit the gap junction function in NRK52E cells and renal tissues in rats,but midazolam produces no effect.

AIM: According to the functions of Lumbago Suppositiory (Radix Aconiti, Ramulus Cinnamoni, Moschus, etc) (LS), we observed the connection among anti-inflammatory, analgesia and promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis. METHODS: Rat chemical radiculoneuritis model was set up to observe influence of LS on inflammation, pain threshold, gait and PLA_2 in serum, content of adrencorticoids and adrenalin. Cold accumulation type of blood stasis symptom model was built up to observe the influence of LS on blood rheological property, effect of LS on mouse's micro-circulation in ears was also observed. RESULTS: Lumbago Suppository inhibited inflammation of rat radiculoneuritis model obviously and had recovery of functions for gait and pain threshold. And it also could reduce the content of PLA_2 in serum and raise the level of adrenocorticoids and adrenalin. It also obviously changed "blood stasis symptom”, rat blood rheological property and auricle micro-circulation of mouse. CONCLUSION: Lumbago Suppository's functions of anti-inflammatory and analgesia have strong relation ships with promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis.

Objective To observe the effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) at different intensities on functional swallowing and the velocity of hyolaryngeal excursion in post-stroke dysphagia.Methods Thirty stroke survivors with dysphagia were randomly divided into a control group,an NMES group and an intensive NMES group,each of 10.All 3 groups received conventional swallowing training,while the patients in the NMES group also received NMES at 30 ～ 80 Hz in an intensity of ≤ 25 mA once a day and those in the intensive NMES group received it twice a day.Before,as well as 2 and 4 weeks after the treatment,video fluoroscopy when swallowing pap was used to determine the superior and anterior excursion distances of the hyoid and larynx and the excursion's duration and the corresponding velocity.A water drinking test (WDT) was also administered,and dysphagia severity scale (DSS) and penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) ratings were assessed.Results After the treatment,significant improvement was observed in the average WDT,DSS and PAS scores of all three groups compared to before the treatment.The average WDT score of the intensive NMES group was significantly better than that of the control group after 2 weeks of treatment.After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment,the average DSS of the intensive NMES group was significantly better than that of the control group,while the intensive NMES group's average PAS score was significantly better than those of both of the other groups.The average anterior hyoid excursion velocity of the intensive NMES group was significantly faster than those of the other two groups after both 2 and 4 weeks of treatment.Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the PAS score was significantly correlated with the anterior hyoid excursion velocity.Conclusion Two NMES sessions a day are superior to only one session in improving functional swallowing after stroke.It better promotes quick movement of the body parts involved.

The relationship of the nose tip position and the skull figures which were measured from the lateral craniographs in 49 ladies of 17～19 age living in Shenyang was studied. The figures measured on craniographs were analyzed by multiple stepwise regression analysis on IBM-PC/XT computer, and the regressoin equations for estimating the nose tip position of female in Shenyang were obtained. Cases in which the errors were within 2 mm were 71.43 to 77. 55 percent.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with improved snare for colorectal polyps and submucosal tumors.Methods The clinical data such as clinical pathological characteristics, en bloc resection rate, curative resection rate, complications and follow-up results of 20 patients with colorectal polyps or submucosal tumors, who were treated by ESD, were retrospectively analyzed.Results 20 patients (total 24 lesions) with colorectal polyps or submucosal tumors were performed ESD operation successfully, in which 16 cases (total 20 lesions) were treated by ESD with improved snare (the trial group), 4 cases were treated by ESD with HOOK knife (the control group).The surgical success rate was 100.0% (24/24), the en blot resection rate was 100.0% (24/24). The mean polyps diameter in the trial group was (2.4 ± 0.9) cm (1.2~4.0 cm), while that in the control group was (2.2 ± 0.6) cm (1.5~3.0 cm). The mean procedure time in the trial group was (83.3 ± 23.9) min (45.0~120.0 min), while the control group was (66.2 ± 15.4) min (45.0~80.0 min), compared with the control group, the trial group need more times to complete the operation. The postoperative pathology as follows: 15 cases were adenoma (including 3 cases of adenoma with partial gland high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia), 1 case was hyperplastic polyp, 1 case was high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, 2 cases were neuroendocrine tumor (total 4 lesions) 1 case was stromal tumor. Except for 1 case of stromal tumor from the muscularis propria was taken full thickness resection, no patient appeared complications such as hemorrhage, perforation, infection. No patient need intraoperative and postoperative surgical treatment.Conclusion Improved snare can be used to endoscopic submucosal dissection for large colorectal polyps and submucosal tumors safely and effectively, expanded the use and indications of snare in endoscopic resection, but need more times to completed the operation.