Objective To investigate the relationship between heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1),glutathione S-transferase (GST) and cerebral atherosclerosis.Methods Cerebralvascular status was assessed with color flow Doppler sonography,transcranial Doppler (TCD),magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)or/and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in patients with cerebral atherosclerosis (mild,moderate,and severity).Serum HO-1 and GST were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results In comparison between case and control groups,there was significant difference in age,hypertension,cerebral infarction,uric acid,and HO-1 (P =0.041,0.008,0.000,0.036,and 0.001).The level of serum HO-1 in the severe atherosclerosis was lower than that in the mild and moderate atherosclerosis (P =0.000 and 0.002).Logistic regression was used to find the association of HO-1 and the degree of cerebral atherosclerosis (P =0.000).Conclusions HO-1 might be related to cerebral atherosclerosis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery from anesthesia in the patients undergoing modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) with propofol anesthesia.Methods One hundred and ten patients of both sexes,aged 18-50 yr,weighing 45-80 kg,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective MECT with general anesthesia,were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n =55 each) using a random number table:control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D).Dexmedetomidine was infused intravenously in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg (in normal saline 10 ml) over 10 min in group D,while normal saline 10 ml was infused intravenously over 10 min in group C.Propofol 1.5 mg/kg and succinylcholine 0.5 mg/kg were injected intravenously,and MECT was performed in the two groups.The emergence time was recorded.The development of cardiovascular events,nausea and vomiting,respiratory depression,headache,somnolence and agitation during recovery from anesthesia was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the incidence of nausea and vomiting,headache and agitation during recovery from anesthesia was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant changes were found in the emergence time,and incidence of hypertension,tachycardia,respiratory depression and somnolence during recovery from anesthesia in group D (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion Dexmedetomidine (intravenously infused in a dose of 0.5 μg/kg over 10 min before anesthesia) can raise the quality of recovery from anesthesia in the patients undergoing MECT with propofol anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the effect of leptin (LEP) pretreatment on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) induced apoptusis in human L02 liver cells. Methods Human L02 liver cells were obtained from pharmacology laboratory, Zhong-Shan University and cultured in DMEM liquid culture medium in an incubator filled with 5% CO_2 at 37℃. The cells were divided into 6 groups ( n = 6 each) : group control (group C) ; grouphypoxia-reoxygenation (group H/R); group Ⅰ-Ⅳ pretreatment with LEP 100, 200, 400 and 800 μg/L + H/R. In group H/R and group Ⅰ-Ⅳ L02 cells were exposed to 95% N_2-5% CO_2 for 12 h followed by 12 h reoxygenation. In group Ⅰ-Ⅳ the cells were pretreated with LEP 100, 200, 400, 800 μg/L respectively before H/R. At the end of 12 h of reoxygenation, the cells were centrifuged and the supematant was collected for determination of ALT and AST concentrations. Apoptosis in L02 cells was detected by Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect Bax and Bcl-2 mRNA expression. Results (1) ALT and AST concentrations were significantly increased after H/R. The increase in ALT and AST concentrations was ameliorated by pretreatment with LEP. (2) The H/R-induced apoptotic changes of the cells were attenuated by pretreatment with LEP. (3) The Bax mRNA and Bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly increased in group H/R as compared with group C. Leptin pretreatmcnt significantly reduced Bax mRNA expression and increased Bcl-2 mRNA expression as compared with group H/R. Conclusion LEP pretreatment can decrease H/R-indtwed apoptosis in the L02 liver cells by down-regulation of Bax mRNA expression and up-regulation of Bcl-2 mRNA expression.

Objective:To assess the effect of isokinetic muscle strength training on cognitive function and motor function of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Forty patients with AD were randomly assigned to trial group and control group.All patients in both groups received conventional treatment,while the patients in the trial group received isokinetic muscle strength training at the same time.After two months,the cognitive function and motor function were assessed.Results:After two months,the trial group showed improvement in cognition CAMCOG whereas the control group declined.Compared to the control group,the trial group presented significant improvement on the functional capacity such as Berg balance,timed-up and go,as well as Functional reach.Conclusion:Isokinetic muscle strength training may be recommended as an augmentation treatment for patients with AD.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of dexmedetomidine on the quality of recovery from anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) with propofol anesthesia.Methods:Sixty patients of both sexes, aged>65 yr, weighing 45-80 kg, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰor Ⅱ, scheduled for elective ECT with propofol anesthesia, were assigned into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C) and dexmedetomidine group (group D). Dexmedetomidine was intravenously infused in a dose of 0.2 μg/kg (in normal saline 10 ml) over 10 min starting from onset of anesthesia induction in group D, while normal saline 10 ml was given instead in group C. Propofol 1.0-1.5 mg/kg was intravenously injected slowly.Succinylcholine 0.7 mg/kg was intravenously injected after the eyelash reflex disappeared, and oxygen was delivered via a mask to assist artificial ventilation.The mask was removed when the muscle twitching disappeared during depolarization, treatment was performed with an ETC apparatus, and electroencephalogram was monitored.The electrical stimulus intensity was set according to the age of the patient during ECT treatment, and the initial intensity was set at 0.5 times the age of the patient. When the postictal suppression index was less than 80%, a higher level of stimulus intensity was used in the next ECT treatment (the difference between adjacent intensity levels was 25.2 mc, which was 5% of the total stimulus intensity). After the end of ECT procedure, participants were manually ventilated with a mask, and the patients were transferred to postanesthesia care unit when the spontaneous breathing was completely restored.The time to recovery of spontaneous breathing and emergence time were recorded.The development of adverse cardiovascular events, nausea and vomiting, respiratory depression, headache, drowsiness, agitation and delirium during recovery from anesthesia was also recorded. Results:Compared with group C, the incidence of agitation, delirium, hypertension and tachycardia during recovery from anesthesia was significantly decreased, and no significant change was found in the other variables in group D ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Dexmedetomidine can improve the quality of recovery from anesthesia in elderly patients undergoing ECT under propofol anesthesia.

ObjectiveTo investigate the preventive and curative effect of Chaishao Liujunzi Tang （CSLJZT） on colonic mucosal injury induced by dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） in mice with ulcerative colitis （UC） and its mechanism. MethodFifty Balb/c male mice were randomly divided into normal group， model group， CSLJZT low-dose group， CSLJZT high-dose group， and sulfasalazine group. Except for the normal group， other groups were given 2.5% DSS freely for 7 d， and were given drug intervention after successful modeling for 7 d. Bodyweight， feces， and other general physiological statuses of mice were recorded every day， and disease activity index （DAI） scores were calculated.The colon length was measured， and stained by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining to observe the morphological changes of the colon.The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the content of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， myeloperoxidase （MPO）， and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in the serum. Western blot was used to determine the protein expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， inhibitor-kappa binding protein （IκB）， Caspase-1， and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） in the colon tissues. ResultAs compared with the normal group， mice in the model group had significantly decreased body weight （P<0.01）， severe diarrhea and hematochezia， and significantly increased DAI score （P<0.01）. As compared with the model group， the decreasing trend of body weight was significantly alleviated in the CSLJZT groups （P<0.01）， diarrhea and hematochezia were significantly improved， DAI score was significantly decreased （P<0.01）， and colon length increased （P<0.05）. HE staining showed that the pathological damage of colon tissue was significantly improved and the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced in the CSLJZT groups as compared with the model group. As compared with the normal group， the serum levels of IL-1β and MPO were significantly higher （P<0.01） and SOD levels were significantly lower （P<0.01） of mice in the model group.Compared with the model group， the treated group reduced the serum IL-1β and MPO levels （P<0.01）， and raised the SOD level （P<0.01）. The results of Western blot showed that as compared with the normal group， the expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， Ccaspase-1， and NLRP3 proteins were significantly increased （P<0.01）， whereas the expression level of IκB protein was significantly decreased （P<0.01） in the colonic tissue of mice in the model group. As compared with the model group， the expression levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB， Caspase-1， and NLRP3 proteins were decreased （P<0.01）， whereas the expression level of IκB protein was increased （P<0.01） in the colonic tissue of mice in the CSLJZT groups. ConclusionCSLJZT improves the inflammatory injury of the colon tissue in DSS-induced UC mice through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.