Microbial-derived metabolites are important mediators of host-microbial interactions. In recent years, the role of intestinal microbial metabolites in colorectal cancer has attracted considerable attention. These metabolites, which can be derived from bacterial metabolism of dietary substrates, modification of host molecules such as bile acids, or directly from bacteria, strongly influence the progression of colitis-associated cancer (CAC) by regulating inflammation and immune response. Here, we review how microbiome metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), secondary bile acids, polyamines, microbial tryptophan metabolites, and polyphenols are involved in the tumorigenesis and development of CAC through inflammation and immunity. Given the heated debate on the metabolites of microbiota in maintaining gut homeostasis, serving as tumor molecular markers, and affecting the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in recent years, strategies for the prevention and treatment of CAC by targeting intestinal microbial metabolites are also discussed in this review.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Animals ; Carcinogenesis/metabolism* ; Colitis-Associated Neoplasms/microbiology* ; Fatty Acids, Volatile/metabolism* ; Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism* ; Colitis/microbiology*

Objective: To study the effect of warfarin individualized drug regimen based on gene detection on anticoagulation in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Methods: From January 2016 to June 2017, 62 patients with DVT diagnosed for the first time in vascular surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical College were analyzed retrospectively, including 33 in the individualized group and 29 in the experience group. All patients were diagnosed by Color Doppler Ultrasound (CDUS). Gender, age, the results of the initial international standardized ratio (INR) measurement, the time from the first dose to the INR standard, and whether the INR exceeds the standard in the process of increasing the dose were collected. Results: There was no significant difference in sex, age and initial INR between the two groups (P>0.05). The time of reaching the standard in the individualized group was significantly lower than that in the experience group [(13.8±6.8)d vs (17.6±7.5)d, P<0.05]; There was no significant difference in INR between the two groups (P=0.377). Conclusions For the patients with DVT for the first time, the individualized drug regimen of warfarin based on the guidance of gene detection can shorten the time of reaching the standard without increasing the risk of bleeding.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the therapeutic effect of compound glycyrrhizin on acute biliary tract infection com?bined with abnormal liver function.METHODS:The patients were randomly divided into trial group(141cases)and control group(120cases).The control group received ATP,CoA and inosine,and the trial group received compound glycyrrhizin60～120ml/d in addition to the treatment for control group.RESULTS:In trial group,113cases were remarkedly effective and28cases effective with a total effective rate of100%,and in control group,79cases were remarkedly effective and29cases effective with a total effective rate of90%.CONCLUSION:Compound glycyrrhizin has the anti-inflammatory effect and can protect the cell membrane of liver cells,shorten the hospital stay duration and decrease the occurrence of postoperative complications.