Objective To observe the brain regions activated during calculation in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and in normal subjects.Methods Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was applied.Sixteen right-handed persons with left TLE were selected as the left TLE group,and sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group.The fMRI data was collected as each subject performed simple additions,subtractions and abdication subtractions.Statistical parametric mapping was used to compare the activated brain regions between the two groups.Results The error rate in the calculations was significantly higher in the left TLE group,and their average reaction time was significantly longer.There were aslo significant differences between the two groups in terms of brain activation patterns.Compared with the control group,the left TLE group exhibited hypo-activity in regions such as the left paracentral lobule,the posterior central gyrus,the bilateral inferior parietal lobule,the left angular gyrus,the bilateral supramarginal gyrus,the left middle frontal gyrus,the left superior gyrus,and also in the bilateral posterior cingulate,insular lobule,superior and inferior temporal gyrus,right hippocampus,parahippocampal gyrus,thalamus and cerebellum.The TLE subjects exhibited hyper-activity in the bilateral superior parietal lobule,the bilateral anterior cingulate,as well as in the right,middle and inferior frontal gyrus.Conclusion Our results support a significant functional reorganization of calculation-related neuronal networks within and between the hemispheres in TLE patients.The frontal and parietal lobes may play a compensatory role in the reorganization of the calculation function.Task-related fMRI technology can provide useful information for non-invasive assessment of mathematical computing and cognitive function in TLE patients.

To adapt to the new training program and requirement of MOE , a reform in Chinese curricula, textbook selection and editing, and teaching evaluation method was carried out to strengthen medical Chinese teaching and improve the students' overall Chinese proficiency. Detailed measures in-cluded adjusting the class hour, formulating Chinese reading and writing syllabus, Chinese listening and speaking syllabus and graded vocabulary, evaluating the effect through Chinese proficiency test, learning evaluation and file cover evaluation. After the reform, attendance rate was improved obviously, plagiarism rate was declined obviously and students were highly praised by teacher during the internship and practice.

The development and application of embolic agents is a very important step to vascular embolotherapy and many studies about it have been done at home and abroad.We must know their characteristics very well and choose situable embolic agents and interventional methods.Besides we also need to manufacture even ideal embolic agents.This text reviews the advance and application of many kinds embolic agents.

The toxicity of HCN inhaled via the respiratory tract in dogs and the therapeutic effects of DMAP and AmNO2 for such form of HCN intoxication were studied. The LD50 of HCN when inhaled was 850.4?80.4?g/kg.When the dosage of 2?LD50 of HCN was given to the experimental animals, the signs of intoxication developed rapidly. Uneasiness, struggling, strident barking, and respiratory excitation were observed several seconds after the exposure. Subsequently there was spasm of the extensors and rigidity of the extremities. Finally general inhibition and paralysis ensued. Respiration and heart beat stopped 6 and 7 minutes after exposure. If DMAP (3.25 mg/kg intramuscularly) or AmNO2 (2 ampules through inhalation) was administered 15 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals was 90% or 100% respectively.When the dosage of 4?LD50 of HCN was inhaled and the two drugs were administered 45 seconds after exposure, the survival rate of the animals treated with DMAP remained as high as 90% (9/10) .But the survival rate of those treated with two ampules of AmNO2 or even three ampules reduced to 20% or 40% respectively.The amount of HCN inhaled during respiratory intoxication, the problems of early diagnosis and the administration of DMAP at the site of accident were analyzed and discussed.

Objective: To study the efficacy,safety and relative characteristics of formulated Chinese medicinal herbs as a vascular embolizing agent. Methods: We prepared a mixture as a vascular embolizing agent from several Chinese medicinal herbs,they served as anticarcinogen and/or coagulant according to the Chinese Pharmacopeia.We studied the characteristics of the mixture through embolizing the hepatic artery in eight pigs with it. Results: The mixture was prepared as a suspension.It was easily injected through catheters and showed good histocompatibility and hemo-compatibility without pyrogenetic response and toxicity.The mixture mainly embolized peripheral arteries,maintaining occlusion for 5 weeks and without formation of collateral circulation.We found injuries of normal hepatic tissues as slight hepatocyte hydrops and focal endochyloma necrosis through optical and electronic microscope. Conclusion: This suspended mixture of Chinese medicinal herbs is safe and effective as a potential peripheral embolizing agent.

Objective To summarize that the distant interval metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) patients who have been examined by 18F-FDG PET/CT and analysis the diagnostic efficacy of doctors using PET/CT device.Methods 75 patients were divided into three groups including primary patients without any treatment and patients in treating and patients after radiotherapied.The distant interval metastasis sits,incidence and their difference were analyzed.We adopt five grades to diagnose distant interval metastasis of NPC.And we choose the difference grade as cut off point to draw ROC curve and then decide the best diagnostic cut off point.Result There are 22patients in the first group and 2patients in the second group and 51patients in the third group in all 75paients.The incidence of distant interval metastasis in the first group is 59.1% and third 68.6% and there are statistical significance between groups(P=0.0001).The most frequent sites of distant interval metastasis is the distant interval lymph nodes(38.67%) and the second is skeleton(36%) and the third is liver(25.33%).ROC curve indicate that third one is the best cut off point because of doctors using PET/CT device can acquire the optimal sensitivity(86.36%)and specificity(88.24%) and accuracy(76.8%).Conclusion The incidence of distant interval metastasis is higher and the most frequent part is distant interval lymph nodes.And the doctors using PET/CT device diagnose the distant interval metastasis of NPC efficacy is higher.

Objective To investigate the character of aquaporin-1(AQP-1)expression in adrenal gland in diabetes mellitus and evaluate adrenal gland damage and function alterations by DWI with multiple b values. Methods Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected by computer and randomized into 2 groups:untreated controls(n=10)and diabetes(DM)(n=10). Rats in diabetes group were fed with high-sucrose and high-fat diet, controls were fed with common diet. After fed with high-sucrose and high-fat diet for 4 weeks, rats in diabetes group were injected with streptozotocin(STZ). Forty days after diabetes induction with streptozotocin(STZ), MR imaging was performed in a 7.0 T scanner. Venous blood from the tails was collected before MRI scan to measure blood glucose, blood glucose more than 16.7 mmol/L wasregarded as diabetic status. All the rats underwent DWI with 18 b values(0 to 4500 s/mm2). Maps of pure diffusion coefficients(D), pseudo-diffusion coefficients(D*)and ultra-high ADC(ADCuh)were acquired. Rats were sacrificed after MRI scan for adrenal gland histopathology, AQP-1 immunohistochemistry analysis and AQP-1 optical density(OD)measurements. Student t test was used to compare the difference of D*, D, ADCuh and OD of AQP-1 between two groups. Results Eight diabetic animals developed hyperglycemia(two rats died during the modeling process). MRI scan was performed in all of the 18 rats. Signal intensity of D*map, D map and ADCuh map decreased gradually. ADCuh increased significantly in DM animals(0.24 ± 0.06) × 10-3mm2/s compared with control animals(0.18 ± 0.07) × 10-3 mm2/s(P<0.05), whereas there was no significant difference found between the two groups in their respective D*and D values(P>0.05). There was a noticeable increase in the AQP-1 labeling in the adrenal cell membrane and cytoplasm in DM animals compared with control animals. DM rats showed an increased OD value of AQP-1 in adrenal gland compared with the control animals(P<0.05). Conclusions We found significantly higher AQP-1 expression in adrenal gland in DM animals compared with controls. Ultra-high b-Values DWI may work as a useful way for noninvasive evaluation the change of adrenal function in DM.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of PET-CT brain imaging and resting-state fMRI in preoperative localization of temporal lobe epileptic (TLE)focus.Methods PET-CT and resting-state fMRI were performed in 17 patients with refractory TLE,who then underwent surgical treatment.Seventeen healthy volunteers matched with gender and age were recruited as the control group.The resting-state fMRI images were post processed by SPM5 software.Regional homogeneity(ReHo) values of the whole brain and bilateral hippocampus were obtained and analyzed.PET-CT images were analyzed by visual analysis method and asymmetry index method and the standardized uptake value (SUV) of bilateral hippocampus were obtained.The ReHo values and SUV of the bilateral hippocampus were compared by two independent samples t-test,and analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for optimized diagnostic threshold.Pearson correlation analysis was employed for evaluating the correlation between the SUV and ReHo values of bilateral hippocampus.The consistency between the diagnostic accuracy of PET-CT and resting-state fMRI was assessed by Kappa consistency test.The outcome of the patient group was compared with that of the control group,and with the pathological results,to evaluate the diagnostic value of the two modalities for preoperative localization of temporal lobe epileptic focus.Results Regional or comprehensive low metabolism of 18F-FDG in temporal lobes was presented in all 17 patients,and 11 patients out of 17 showed lateral decreased ReHo value.The diagnostic accuracy of the two examinations was 70.6％ (12/17) and 64.7％ (11/17) for PET-CT and resting-state fMRI respectively compared with pathological results,and could be increased to 76.5％ (13/17) when the two methods were combined for diagnosis.The ReHo values of the TLE group (0.34 ± 0.12)were significantly lower than those of the control group (0.46 ± 0.07) (t =3.230,P =0.003).The sensitivity and specificity of resting-state fMRI were 88.2％ and 94.1％ respectively when the ReHo value was 0.36.There was significant difference between the SUV of the affected (4.17 ±0.63) and healthy side(4.77 ±0.56) of hippocampus in TLE group(t =2.930,P =0.006).The sensitivity and specificity of PET-CT were 88.2％ and 64.7％ respectively when SUV was 4.23.The two values could be used as a threshold in the localization of temporal lobe epileptic focus.Consistency of lesion detection was revealed between PET-CT and resting-state fMRI though it was not high,and the Kappa value was 0.49.However,no correlation was detected between the SUV and ReHo value using Pearson correlation test(r =0.280,P =0.314).Conclusion Combined PET-CT brain imaging and resting-state fMRI as a multi-modality imaging method might improve the diagnostic accuracy of the TLE focus's localization.

Objective To evaluate spiral CT in diagnosing vascular complications of pancreatitis. Methods The clinical and surgical results and the CT findings of 316 patients with acute or chronic pancreatitis were comparatively analyzed. Special attention was paid to the CT findings of the patients with peritoneal hemorrhage and vascular abnormality. CT Hu of celiac blood effusion was measured. Pseudoaneurysms, phlebothrombosis and venous thrombosis of peripancreatic vessels in CT enhancement were carefully analyzed. Results Acute pancreatitis was found in 275 out of the 316 patients, and chronic pancreatitis in 41 cases. Among those with acute pancreatitis, 20 had peritoneal cavity vascular complications. In the 13 cases of peritoneal cavity hemorrhage(including 5 patients complicated with digestive tract hemorrhage), CT identified 11 with as regional or diffuse slight high density fluid collections, and failed in 2 cases. CT scans detected gastric varices in 4 out of 7 patients with digestive tract hemorrhage. Of those with chronic pancreatitis, CT found celiac artery pseudoaneurysm in one, spleen artery pseudoaneurysm in one and splenic vein thrombosis with gastric varices in one. Conclusions (1)Regional or diffuse slight high or high density fluid collections were common CT findings of peritoneal cavity hemorrhage. (2)Enhanced spiral CT scanning could demonstrate peripanreatic vascular pseudoaneurysms. (3)Varices in gastric fundus and necrosis in pancreatic body and tail often indicate the formation of spleen venous thrombosis.

Objective To explore early aberrant change of the function and grey matter volume within default-mode network in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by Independent component analysis and voxel-based morphometry.Methods Twenty-nine T2DM patients and thirty-three healthy control subjects were recruited in this study between May 2014 and January 2015,and the demographic and clinical data (fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c level) were obtained.General cognition was assessed by MMSE and MoCA in all subjects.Resting-state fMRI and T1-weighted imaging were performed in all subjects.Then the z-maps of default-mode network were obtained from Resting-state fMRI by independent component analysis,and the grey matter volumes were extracted by VBM.Finally,two-sample t-test was performed in the function and grey matter volume of DMN between two groups,and pearson correlation coefficients among zFC values extracted from significantly different brain regions,grey matter volumes and durations of T2DM patients were calculated.Results Patients with T2DM showed decreased Z value around the right anterior cingulated cortex and the right medial pre-frontal cortex(cluster=121,t=-3.81,P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in grey matter volume between the two groups,and no correlation between Z value or duration and grey matter volume was found.Conclusions It suggests the abnormality of connectivity of default-mode network may precede the abnormality of grey matter volume in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.The DMN might be a new potential tool in monitoring the change of cognition in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.