AIM: To investigate restricted expansion of TCR V? gene repertoire in patients with leukemia following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: TCR V? subfamily genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 7 cases of leukemia was amplified using RT-PCR. RESULTS: Only two-eight fragments of V? genes were detected in samples from these patients, and the detected fragments are different in different patients. CONCLUSION: TCR complexes were abnormal in all patients, part of the genes were seletively expansed and part of them were suppressed after transplantation.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of osthole （OST） on renal interstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy （DN） model mice. METHODS The diabetic mice model was established by the tail vein injection of streptozotocin once， and the DN model was established by feeding for 12 weeks after successful modeling of diabetes. Diabetic model mice were randomly divided into model group， low-dose， moderate-dose， high-dose groups （20， 40， 80 mg/kg） of OST， with 10 mice in each group. After successful modeling of diabetes， the mice were given corresponding drugs or solvent （model group） intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive 12 weeks， and the normal control group was set up at the same time. After the last administration， the levels of fasting blood glucose， 24 h urinary protein， serum creatinine （Scr） and blood urea nitrogen were tested in each group. Masson staining was used to observe the deposition of collagen fibers in renal interstitium； the expressions of E-cadherin and vimentin in renal cortex were detected by immunohistochemical staining. The protein expressions of follistatin-like protein 1 （Fstl1） and Snail family transcriptional repressor 1 （Snail1）， the phosphorylation of protein kinase B （Akt） （calculated by p-Akt/Akt） in the renal cortex were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with normal control group， the levels of fasting blood glucose， 24 h urinary protein， Scr and blood urea nitrogen， collagen fiber deposition ratio of renal interstitium， the expression of vimentin， protein expressions of Fstl1 and Snail1， p-Akt/Akt in renal cortex were increased significantly （P＜0.01）， as well as the expression of E-cadherin was decreased significantly （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， above indexes of OST groups were reversed significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS Preventive use of OST can effectively reduce fasting blood glucose level， protect renal function and inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition of DN model mice， and delay the progression of renal interstitial fibrosis ， the mechanism of which may be associated with the suppression of Fstl1/Akt/Snail1 signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE： To study on the effects of prophylactic administration of Ramulus mori polysaccharides （RMP） on inflammatory response of renal ischemia reperfusion injury （RIRI） model mice and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS： Totally 60 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided to sham operation group， model group， atorvastatin group （positive control， 15 mg/kg）， RMP low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （300， 600， 1 200 mg/kg）. Except for sham operation group， RIRI model was induced in other 5 groups. 24 h before surgery， they were given relevant medicine intragastrically， once a day， for consecutive one week. 24 h after reperfusion， the mice were sacrificed. The serum levels of Scr and BUN were detected. The morphological changes of renal tissue were observed under optical microscope. The serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-10 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， p38 mitogen-activation protein kinase （p38MAPK） and p-p38MAPK. RESULTS： Compared with sham operation group， the serum levels of Scr and BUN were significantly elevated in model group  （P＜0.01）. RIRI led to typical inflammatory response of renal tissue， widespread renal tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis， and inflammatory cells infiltration. Serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， IL-10 and TNF-α were increased significantly （P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of TLR4， p38MAPK and p-p38MAPK were increased significantly in renal cortex （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， serum levels of Scr and BUN were decreased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathological damage of renal tissue was improved in varying degrees， especially in the RMP medium-dose and high-dose groups. Serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 were decreased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Serum levels of IL-10 were further increased in atorvastatin group and RMP high-dose group （P＜0.01）， and serum level of TNF-α was decreased significantly in atorvastatin group and RMP medium-dose and high-dose groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The protein expressions of TLR4 and p-p38MAPK in renal cortex were decreased significantly in administration groups （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： RMP prophylactic administration can improve RIRI of mice， the mechanism of which may be associated with relieving the inflammatory response through inhibition of TLR4/p38MAPK signaling pathway.

AIM: To investigate the mechanism of Hexue Mingmu Tablets(HXMMT)in improving diabetic retinopathy(DR)based on transcriptomics.METHODS: Zebrafish DR models were established by 3-day glucose induction(130 mmol/L)starting at 3 days post-fertilization(dpf). Larvae were randomized into four groups: control group(CG; aquaculture water), model group(MG; 130 mmol/L glucose), low-dose HXMMT treatment group(L-HX; 130 mmol/L glucose +7.5 mg/L HXMMT), and high-dose HXMMT treatment group(H-HX; 130 mmol/L glucose +75 mg/L HXMMT), with a 3-day intervention period until 6 dpf. The area and length of eyes, and body length of zebrafish were observed by stereomicroscopy, retinal morphology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining(HE), and retinal vessel diameter was observed under fluorescence microscope. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified by RNA-sequencing(RNA-seq)technology to further elucidate the molecular mechanism of HXMMT in improving DR in zebrafish, and the sequencing accuracy was validated through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).RESULTS: HE staining demonstrated that the intervention with HXMMT significantly improved the disordered cell arrangement, widened gaps, and thickened inner nuclear layer(INL)in ganglion cell layer GCL); retinal vascular diameter quantification revealed that the retinal vessel diameter of the MG significantly increased compared with the CG, and it was significantly changed after the intervention of HXMMT, with significant efficacy in the H-HX(P<0.05); transcriptomics profiling identified 1 470 reversed DEGs, predominantly enriched in the AMPK signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, retinal developmental processes, and tight junction regulation. Technical validation confirmed strong correlation between qRT-PCR and RNA-seq data(R2=0.8571, P<0.05).CONCLUSION: HXMMT may improve retinal vascular microcirculation disorders in DR by regulating core targets including vsx1, pde6c, arr3a, plk1, fbp1b, foxo1a, pcna, and cdk1, as well as synergistically modulating processes such as retinal development in camera-type eyes, visual perception, microtubule cytoskeletal organization, tight junctions, and the AMPK signaling pathway, Foxo signaling pathway.