Objective To investigate the expression pattern of transcription factor,paired homebox 6(Pax6) in rat whisker hair follicle.Methods Whisker hair follicle was collected from 5 7-day-old SD rats.Immunohistochemical assay was carried out to detect Pax6 in the follicle.Pax6 mRNA expressions and its splicosome,Pax6-5a were detected by RT-PCR.Whisker hair follicle was primarily cultured to harvest rat hair follicle bulge cells.Then expressions of Pax6,CD34,?6-integrin,and Ki67 were detected in the obtained cells by immunofluorescent method.Results Pax6 was positively expressed in rat whisker hair follicle.The mRNA expression of Pax6-5a was stronger than that of Pax6.The primarily cultured cells expressed CD34 and ?6-integrin in the membrane.Pax6 was mainly located in the nuclei of the cells with Ki67,and little in the cytoplasm.The proliferative ability of the cells was correlated with the location of Pax6 protein.Conclusion Pax6 expresses in rat whisker hair follicle.Its expression patterns indicate that it may be involved in the formation and function of whisker hair follicle.

Objective To analyze the status and the distribution of causes of injuries as well as disease burden in children under 5 years old in Sichuan Province.Methods The death information cards of children who died because of injuries in Sichuan Province in 2012 were analyzed,and the years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were calculated to evaluate the disease burden.Results 22.87％ (1 502/6 567) of children lost their lives because of injuries,the mortality of injury was 4.13‰,63.45％ of children died at the age between l and 4,and most of the children died at home or on the road; The top 3 causes of children death of injuries below 5 years old were drowning,accidental suffocation and traffic accidents.The years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were 73.05 years and 58.30 years.Conclusion Injury is one of the most mainly risk factor of health and life of children,the government should further prevent and control children injuries.

Objective To obtain the Hiwi gene encoding full-length and construct human Hiwi adenoviral vectors carrying green luorescence protein (GFP), and to establish foundation for a further study on Hiwi function and mechanism of inducing leukemia stem cell differentiation and apoptosis.Methods All coding areas of human Hiwi gene full length were amplified using method of overlapping extension PCR technology, and the full length coding aeras were inserted into the vector of Flag-IRES-hrGFP carrying GFP with Gateway technology to construct pDown-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP. The cloning vector pDown-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP and expression vector pAV. Des1d were used for homologous recombination reaction to obtain recombinant adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3× flag-IRES-hrGFP.The positive clones were selected by PCR to extract the recombinant adenovirus plasmid and to pack into recombinant Ad-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP adenovirus. Results The human recombinant Hiwi was successfully cloned and the recombinant adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3×flag-IRES-hrGFP was found to be successfully constructed via restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing methods. The adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3×flag-IRES-hrGFP was transfected into the HEK293A cells using lipofectamine mediated gene transfection method. Under fluorescence microscope, the transfected cells with green fluorescence could be observed.Conclusion The expression plasmid of adenovirus vector pAV.Ex1d-Hiwi-3 × flag-IRES-hrGFP is successfully constructed and it can express in HEK293A cells.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of micafungin in the treatment of invasive fungal infections (IFI) in patients with acute leukemia.Methods A total of 133 IFI patients with acute leukemia received micafungin 150 mg once daily for 14 days.The clinical and mycological efficacies were evaluated on (7±2) days and(14±2) days of treatment.Meanwhile,the adverse events were recorded.The normally distributed data was compared using analysis of variance and nonnormal distributed data was analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test.Results Among 133 IFI patients with acute leukemia,116 finished the 14-day micafungin treatment.The total clinical efficacy was 94.8% and the total mycological efficacy was 75.0% at (14±2) days of treatment.The fungus eliminate rates were 82.9%,66.7% and 55.6% against Monilia,Aspergillus and others,respectively.The clinical and mycological efficacies of (14±2)-day treatment were both higher than those of (7±2)-day treatment(X2=6.060,34.416.both P<0.05).The clinical efficacy was not related with age,sex,IFI diagnose,types of leukemia and combinative drugs (X2=26.541,P<0.05).The incidence of drug-related adverse events of micafungin was 3%among 133 patients,which included skin rash in 3 eases, diarrhea in 1 case. Only one case was discontinued because of severe skin rash and micafungin was well tolerant in other patients. Conclusion Treatment of micafungin 150 mg daily for 14 days is effective and safe in IFI patients with acute leukemia.

Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a serious progressive muscular dystrophy.Reports in recent years about abnormal lipid in DMD patients have increased, yet little attention has been paid to liver lipid.This study aimed to explore the effect of dystrophin gene defect on liver lipid synthesis.7-week-old mdx male mice were used as DMD model.The conditions of liver function, liver lipid accumulation and liver lipid synthesis were determined through liver tissue morphological examination, blood biochemical examination, and detection of hepatic gene and protein expression.The results showed that lipid droplets in liver of mdx mice increased significantly.The contents of total cholesterol and triglyceride in liver, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in serum increased.The gene and protein expression of hepatic lipid synthesis-related enzymes such as fatty acid synthase, acetyl CoA carboxylase, and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1-c were up-regulated.These results showed accumulation of liver lipid in 7-week-old mdx male mice.

Objective:The data mining method was used to analyze the medication rules of the ancient prescriptions for yin deficiency syndrome, so as to provide reference for clinical treatment of yin deficiency syndrome.Methods:We searched the database of ancient prescriptions, selected the prescriptions for yin deficiency syndrome, used the Ancient and Modern Medical Case Cloud Platform V2.2.3 to count the frequency and attribute of drug use, and carried out hierarchical cluster analysis to find the core prescription. MATLAB was used to analyze the association rules, and the law of drug compatibility was found. The Pajek64 5.13 was used for complex network analysis to find out the core traditional Chinese medicine.Results:There were 467 prescriptions that meet the requirements, 302 kinds of drugs were used in total. The four properties of the drugs were mainly cold, the five flavors mainly sweet, the meridian of the drugs mainly kidney meridian. The core drugs were Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Ophiopogonis Radix, Rehmanniae Radix, and Poria. The most commonly used drug pair was Dioscoreae Rhizoma- Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, the second was Corni Fructus- Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Poria-Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata. The commonly used drugs can be clustered into two categories. Conclusion:We can preliminarily reveal that the ancient medication law of yin deficiency syndrome is mainly nourishing Yin liquid and reducing fire, paying attention to nourishing kidney yin, using Yin nourishing medicine often combined with medicine of tonifying lung, liver, spleen yin and diverging to reduce fever. It can provide certain reference for clinical treatment of yin deficiency syndrome.

The protein kinase B(Akt)pathway can regulate the growth,proliferation,and metabolism of tumor cells and stem cells through the activation of multiple downstream target genes,thus affecting the development and treatment of a range of diseases.Thioesterase superfamily member 4(THEM4),a member of the thioesterase superfamily,is one of the Akt kinase-binding proteins.Some studies on the mechanism of cancers and other diseases have shown that THEM4 binds to Akt to regulate its phosphorylation.Initially,THEM4 was considered an endogenous inhibitor of Akt,which can inhibit the phosphorylation of Akt in diseases such as lung cancer,pancreatic cancer,and liver cancer,but subsequently,THEM4 was shown to promote the proliferation of tumor cells by positively regulating Akt activity in breast cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma,which contradicts previous findings.Considering these two distinct views,this review summarizes the important roles of THEM4 in the Akt pathway,focusing on THEM4 as an Akt-binding protein and its regulatory relationship with Akt phosphorylation in various diseases,especially cancer.This work provides a better understanding of the roles of THEM4 combined with Akt in the treatment of diseases.

Objective To explore the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 in alleviating heat stress-induced testicular injury in mice.Methods A total of 20 C57BL/6 male mice(6～8 weeks old)were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=5).The mice from the control group and heat stress(HS)group were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mL/(kg·d)0.9％normal saline for 14 d,while those in the HS+Rg1 group and the Rg1 group were given an intraperitoneal injection of 20 mg/(kg·d)for 14 d,and then on the 7th day after administration,the mice in the HS group and the HS+Rg1 group had the lower abdomen put into a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min as a single heat stress after being anesthetized with 4％chloral hydrate.Mouse spermatocytes GC-2spd(ts)were divided into control group(routine culture for 48 h),HS group(placed in a 43 ℃ water bath for 30 min after 36 h of conventional culture,and cultured till the end of 48 h),HS+Rg1 group(50 μmol/L Rg1 treatment followed by heat stress injury),and Rg1 group(no heat stress injury).In 1 d after modeling,the eyeball blood samples were collected to detect serum testosterone with ELISA,and the testicles were extracted to observe the morphology and weighed to calculate the testicular index.HE staining was used to observe the histopathology of testis,and corresponding reagents and kits was employed to detect the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)and activities of catalase(CAT)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in testis tissue.After the epididymal sperm were collected,the sperm concentration and motility were analyzed by computer-assisted sperm analysis(CASA)system.In in vitro experiments,cell apoptosis was detected with TUNEL staining,the protein levels of Nrf2,Keap1,HO-1,Bax,Bcl-2 and Caspase3 were detected with Western blotting,and the mRNA levels of GCLC,GCLM and NQO1 were detected by RT-qPCR.Results Rg1 prevented the decreases in testicular weight and testicular index caused by heat stress,reduced the damage of testicular tissue structure,prevented the decrease of sperm concentration and vitality,antagonized the decreasd number of Leydig cells and serum testosterone level,reduced the accumulation of MDA in testicular tissue,and enhanced the activities of CAT and SOD.Rg1 treatment alleviated the apoptosis of GC-2spd(ts)cells,down-regulated the expression of Bax,Caspase3 and Keap1 proteins,enhanced the expression of Bcl-2,Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins,and increased the transcriptional levels of Nrf2 target genes GCLC,GCLM and NQO1.Conclusion Rg1 has no significant effect on the structure and function of mouse testes,but it can effectively improve the ability of mouse testes to resist heat stress injury,which may be related to the activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway,the improvement of antioxidant enzyme activity,and the reduction of apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.