Purpose To investigate the influence of interpersonal relationship sensitivity on anxiety and depression emotion and subjective well-being for young adults epileptic patients.Methods 87 young adults epileptic patients were divided into interpersonal relationship sensitive group ( study group) and normal group ( control group),according to sensitivity factor ≥ 3 in the symptom checklist(SCL-90).Self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS),self-rating depression scale (SDS) and general well-being scale (GWB) were then established and analyzed.Results The scores on interpersonal relationship sensitivity factor of the study group and control group were 3.64 ±0.51 and 2.73 ± 0.43,respectively,which had remarkable difference ( t =8.91,P ＜ 0.01 ).There were 47 patients with interpersonal relationship sensitivity among the 87 patients,accounting for 54.02％.The scores on SDS and SAS of the study group were higher than control group (P＜0.01 ).The scores on GWB of the study group was significantly lower than the control group (P＜0.01).The scores on GWB of the study group,reflecting the factors about health,energy,satisfaction and interest to life,depression and happy emotion,and relax and nerves,were lower than control group (P＜0.01) ; while the scores on emotion and behavior control were higher than the control group with minor difference (P ＞ 0.05 ).The scores on interpersonal relationship sensitivity factor and SDS,SAS and GWB were positively correlated except for O factor of GWB.Conclusion The level of interpersonal relationship sensitivity has important influence on anxiety and depression emotion and subjective well-being in young adults epileptic patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of mental toughness level on positive and negative emotion and mental health in children with epilepsy.MethodsIn accordance with the International League against epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome in 1989 International Classification of young children with epilepsy,160 cases were sampled.Based on the Adolescent Resilience Scale ( HKRA ) score,according to the 27％ principles of delimitation,the patients were divided into high HKRA score group and low HKRA score group,43 cases in each group.Then positive emotions and negative affect scale (PANAS),mental health test (MHT) were applied to two groups.Results,Except family support dimension,the others HKRA dimension and total score were higher in female children with epilepsy than those in male patients,there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01 ).The positive affect score were higher in high HKRA score group than that of low HKRA group ; and negative emotion was significantly lower than that in low HKRA group (P＜ 0.01 ).Except physical symptom dimension,other dimensions and total score of HKRA in high HKRA score group were higher than those in low HKRA group,there was significant difference (P＜ 0.01 ).Children with epilepsy HKRA score was positive correlation with positive emotion score but negative correlation with negative affect scores (P ＜ 0.01 ) ; in addition to physical symptom,HKRA score and MHT score,and all the other dimensions were negatively related (P＜0.01 or 0.015).ConclusionThe mental toughness level are significantly related to children's epilepsy patients with positive and negative emotion and mental health status.A high level of mental toughness can increase positive emotional experience,and reduce the negative emotional experience of children with epilepsy.

Objective To investigate the illness-related stigma in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis B and C and its effects on interaction anxiousness and general self-efficacy.Methods Forty-eight patients with chronic hepatitis B ( CHB),41 patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and 29 healthy volunteers were enrolled.Hepatitis-related Stigma Questionnaire (HRSQ) produced by researchers was used to assess stigma in patients of both CHB and CHC.All patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated by Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS),General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ).Results Hepatitis-related stigma was common in both CHB and CHC.The most common positive items and their percentages of CHB and CHC were rejection in job seeking (81.2％,75.6％ ), keeping conditions about hepatitis secret (72.9％,75.6％ ),feeling discrimination in society (66.7％,56.1％ ) and rejection in mate selection (60.4％,61.0％ ),and the rarest ones and percentages were feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease (35.4％,31.7％ ) and being understood only by patients with the same disease (33.3％,26.8％ ).Differences of positive percentages of any items between CHB and CHC were not statistically significant (P ＞0.05 ).One-way ANOVA showed that difference of IAS scores among three groups of participants was not statistically significant ;and GSES score of CHB(2.41 ± 0.45 )was not statistically different from that of CHC (2.49 ±0.60 ),but they both were lower than that of healthy control (2.78 ± 0.52) (F=4.648,P =0.011 ).The multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the item feeling much different from others of HRSQ entered the formula of CHB IAS score (B =4.861,adjustment R2 =0.106),and the item being understood only by patients with the same disease of HRSQ entered the formula of CHC IAS score (B =6.745,adjustment R2 =0.113);negative coping dimension score of SCSQ ( B =- 0.424),the item feeling discrimination in society ( B =-0.359) and feeling lowest stress together with patients with the same disease ( B =-0.274) entered the formula of CHB GSES score (adjustment R2 =0.280).Conclusion Illness-related stigma is common in outpatients with chronic viral hepatitis,which probably raises patients' interaction anxiousness and weakens the general selfefficacy of patients with hepatitis B and C.

Objective To study the condition of benzodiazepines use in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) patients and the relationship with the first benzodiazepine(BZD) prescription.Methods 70 outpatients with GAD were investigated retrospectively and divided into either research group( n = 54, M21, F33; age (18 ～73)year) or control group( n= 16,M7,F9; age( 18 ～53)year) based on whether the first prescription included BZD or not.Results The duration and dose of BZD used in research group ( separately (9.7 ± 4.4) months, ( 1.6 ± 0.7 ) mg/d) were significantly higher than those in control group ( separately(2.3 ± 2.4) months, (0.9 ± 0.9 ) mg/d) (P＜0.01).The long-term use of BZD was positively related to whether the first prescription include BZD or not,patients' insomnia on first visit,the duration of follow-up and the dose of BZD,which showed significantly difference (P＜ 0.05 ).The standardized rates of long-term use of BZD and dependence in research group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusion Prescribing BZD on the first visit is partly responsible for the long-term use of BZD and doctors should better be very careful of prescribing BZD on first visit.

Objective To explore the effects of amisulpride on the cognitive function in first-episode schizophrenia patients.Methods 64 patients in first-episode schizophrenia were divided into two groups randomly according to the method of tossing a coin,then treated with amisulpride or risperidone respectively for 12 weeks.The efficacy and adverse effect were evaluated with positive and negative scale (PANSS) and treatment emergent side effect scale (TESS) before treatment and after treatment for 2 weeks,4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks.Before and after treatment for 12 weeks,cognitive function of all the patients was blindly evaluated with Wechsler Scale-revised China (WMS-RC),Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST) and Trail Making test A and B.Results After 12-week treatment,statistical difference was found in amisulpride(44.7 ± 6.7) and risperidone (45.2 ± 7.4) groups (P ＜ 0.01).But no statistical difference was found between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The cognitive function in firstepisode schizophrenia was damaged obviously.In two groups,the scores in recognize,association,comprehend,back a few and MQ of WMS and TAT-A,TAT-B were improved significantly after treatment for 12 weeks (P ＞ 0.05).These items of WCST were improved more remarkably than baseline (amisulpride (20.63 ± 13.06),(28.75 ± 15.72),(43.17 ±22.13),(3.62 ±2.21),P＜0.05; risperidone(20.41 ±13.82),(29.31 ± 16.12),(42.78 ± 21.42),(3.67 ± 2.32),P ＜ 0.05).The improvement in the scores of WCST were statistical difference compared with control group(P ＜ 0.05).But statistical difference was no found between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The study shows that the cognitive dysfunction in first-episode schizophrenia can be improved by amisulpride,and the efficacy was similar with risperidone.

Aim To study the analgesic effect of geraniol on neuropathic pain and to explore the possible mechanism.Method A neuropathic pain rat model of Spared Nerve Injury(SNI) was established to measure changes in the threshold of paw withdrawal before and after i.p.administration of geraniol.Patch clamp whole-cell recording was performed to measure activity of sodium channels using ipsilateral L3/L4/L5 dorsal root ganglion(DRG) cells isolated from the SNI rats.In addition, HEK 293 cells expressing hNav1.7 and hTRPA1 channels were used for measuring the changes in channel activities with or without geraniol by whole-cell patch clamp.Results Geraniol had a fast analgesic effect on hypersensitivity of mechanical pain in the SNI model.It significantly inhibited sodium channels on DRGs isolated from SNI rats and hNav1.7 but not hTRPA1 channels expressed by HEK293 cells.However, high concentrations of geraniol facilitated the activation of HTRPA1 channel stimulated by AITC.Conclusion Geraniol may abirritate hypersensitivity of mechanical pain in the SNI model by specifically inhibiting Nav1.7 channel activity on the DRG cells.

ObjectiveTo explore the personality traits of Han Chinese women with recurrent depression.MethodsAssessed by the Big Five Inventory (BFI),a comparison research was conducted between 118 Han Chinese women with recurrent depression and 65 sex,race and culture background matched health controls.Results Han Chinese women with recurrent depression scored lower in extraversion,conscientiousness and openness ( 17.93± 5.43,30.24 ± 5.94,30.03 ± 7.33 ) than matched controls ( 20.72 ± 3.79,31.94 ± 3.84,32.75 ± 5.32 ),while scored higher in neuroticism (21.38 ± 3.91) than the later one ( 27.57 ± 6.19 ).A binary logistic regression model,with group (case vs.control) as dependent variable and extroversion,conscientiousness,openness and neuroticism as independent variables,was built to assess each personality dimension's independent impact on recurrent depression.It came out to be that only extraversion ( OR =0.881,95％ CI =0.083-0.966,P=0.007) and neuroticism ( OR =1.225,95％ CI =1.134-1.323,P ＜ 0.01 ) were statistically significantly associated with recurrent depression ( P＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn the big five personality model,extraversion and neuroticism might act as independent personality traits to impact Han Chinese women with recurrent depression in a positive and negative way respectively.

This study examined the effect of nicotine on the expression of mutant p53 (mt-p53) in bladder cancer rats. The rat models of bladder cancer were established by infusing N-methyl-nitroso-urea (MNU, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 8 weeks) into the bladder. Pathological examination on the bladder was conducted to confirm the establishment of the model. All the bladder cancer rats were randomly divided into an MNU group and 3 nicotine groups. In the nicotine groups, the rats were intragastrically administered nicotine at different concentrations (25, 15, 5 mg/kg respectively) 3 times per week for 8 weeks. The mt-p53 expression was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The results showed that rat bladder cancer models developed histopathological changes of bladder transitional cell carcinoma. The positive rate of mt-p53 expression in the 3 nicotine groups (25, 15, 5 mg/kg) was 75.00%, 58.33% and 41.67% by the 14th week, respectively, significantly higher than that in the MNU group (33.33%) (all P<0.05). The mt-p53 expression rate was positively correlated with the medication dose and time (P<0.05). It is concluded that nicotine may play an important role in the development of bladder cancer partially by increasing the expression of mt-p53.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of overexpressed proinflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy (CP).MethodsLevels of tumor necrotic factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum of 31 CP children, 20 healthy children (as controls), 37 neonates with CP risk factors such as hypoxic-ischemic injury and/or perinatal infection, and 20 healthy neonates (as controls) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) retrospectively.ResultsLevels of TNF-α and IL-6 of CP children and neonates with CP risk factors were significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P<0.05). TNF-α level of CP children was significantly higher than that of neonates with CP risk factors (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in IL-6 level between two groups.ConclusionOverexpressed proinflammatory cytokines play an important role in the pathogenesis of CP and may be an independent risk factor of CP.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and laparoscopic bile duct exploration lithotomy (LBDEL) in treatment of intra/extra-hepatic duct stones. Methods There were 110 patients whose intrahepatic stones located in Ⅰ , Ⅱ hepatic duct and 378 patients whose stones only located in the common bile duct. These patients respectively underwent LBDE combined with choledochoscope laser lithotripsy or ERCP combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) to remove the stones. Common bile ducts were performed primary suture or T tube placement in the LBDEL cases. The evaluation was carried out for perioperative complications and postoperative recovery of the surgical methods. Results The residual stone rate was 31.82% in 110 cases. The rate was higher in ERCP group (51.06%) than that in LBDEL group (17.46%) (P < 0.05). Postoperative recovery was better in LBDEL group than that in ERCP group. The residual stone rate was 8.20% in 378 cases. The rate was lower in ERCP group (3.68%) than that in LBDEL group(11.63%) (P < 0.05). Between the two groups, there had no statistical significance in postoperative recovery. The incidences of bile leakage and pulmonary infection were higher in LBDEL group than in ERCP group. The incidences of abdominal cavity infection, acute pancreatitis, digestive tract perforation and gastrointestinal bleeding were higher in ERCP group than that in LBDEL group. 2 of the 378 patients occurred death were happened digestive tract perforation which were induced during ERCP procedure. Conclusion LBDEL and ERCP demonstrated the same therapeutic effects in the treatment of common bile duct stones. However, ERCP has no large advantages in the treatment of hepatolithiasis, and shows higher complication rates. LBDEL has a significant curative effect for intra-and extrahepatic bile duct calculi and can maintain the integrity of Oddi sphincter. This technology is easy to spread to the basic-level hospital to benefit the majority of patients.