Objective To explore the prevalence and related risk factors of thyroid nodule in elderly patients(age ≥ 60 years old) with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)) in Xinjiang region.Methods Two hundreds and two elderly patients with T2DM were selected,including 91 cases of thyroid nodule(thyroid nodule group) and111 cases of non-thyroid nodule (control group).The disease history,body mass index(BMI),fasting blood-glucose (FBG),2-h postprandial blood glucose(2 h PBG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),triglyceride(TG),cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein(LDL-C) were collected for statistical analysis.Results The age,gender,BMI,TC and HbA1c had statistical difference between the two groups (P<0.05);the disease course,pulse pressure,systolic pressure,abdominal perimeter,smoking history,HDL,TG,FBG and 2 h PBG had no statistical differences netween the thyroid nodule group and non-thyroid nodule group (P>0.05).The multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that the age,gender,TC,HbA1c and BMI were the risk factors of thyroid nodule occurrence.Conclusion Conducting the thyroid nodule related imaging examination has an important clinical significance for diabetic elderly women patients with obesity and cholesterol increase.