Objective To measure the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-a( TNF-a) in the cervical intervertebral disk of patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy ( CSM) ,study the role of IL-6 and TNF-a in the pathogenesis of CSM.Methods 40 degenerative cervical vertebral disk tissues were collected from CSM cases;20 normal tissues of vertebral disk were taken as control.The contents of IL-6 and TNF-a were detected by ELISA.Results The contents of IL-6 and TNF-a in disk of CSM sufferers increased significantly compared with the control group (P<0.01).Conclusion The results of the present study indicated that IL-6 and TNF-a may be involved in the pathogenesis of CSM.

Objective To analyze death causes in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiac rupture.Methods The patients who were admitted with cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2014 were enrolled.These patients were divided into death group and survival group.Then statistical analysis was performed for the clinical data of these patients in two groups,Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors with statistical significance.Results A total of 59 patients diagnosed cardiac rupture after acute myocardial infarction were enrolled in this study,including 50 patients died,and 9 patients survived.There were significant differences between the two groups of patients with clinical baseline data.Compared with the survival group,death group had higher age ((69.94 ± 9.24) years old vs.(61.56 ± 9.14) years old,t =2.511,P =0.015),the higher incidence of malignant arrhythmia (22.0％ vs.0,x2 =4.070,P =0.044),the lower proportion of alcohol abuse (12.0％ vs.44.4％,x2 =5.704,P =0.017),higher fasting blood glucose ((8.97 ±3.98) mmol/L vs.(6.06± 1.25) mmol/L,t =4.153,P＜0.01) and triglycerides ((1.78±0.50) mmol/L vs.(1.39±0.20) mmol/L,t =4.146,P＜0.01),higher proportion of pulmonary arterial hypertension(22.0％ vs.0,x2 =4.070,P =0.044) and brain natriuretic peptide (406.50 (110.00,570.28) ng/L vs.33.00 (20.00,176.00) ng/L,P=0.004),smaller the left ventricular end diastolic diameter((47.76±5.13) mm vs.(52.22 ±4.66) mm,t =-2.434,P =0.018).The use of fondaparinux sodium (26.0％ vs.0,x2 =4.920,P =0.027),heparin (48.0％ vs.88.9％,x2 =5.138,P =0.023) and nitrates (72.0％ vs.100.0％,x2 =5.361,P =0.021)were significantly differences.The occurrence of acute heart failure in patients in death group was significantly higher than the survival group (11.0％ vs.0,x2 =3.258,P =0.071),but the difference was not significant.Logistic regression analysis showed that old age (OR =1.151),fasting blood glucose (OR =1.974)and heart rupture were significandy correlated (P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Cardiac rupture patients have a high mortality rate after myocardial infarction.Advanced age and fasting blood glucose were risk factors,while the use of common heparin is protective factor.Patients should be evaluated in a timely manner to assess the prognosis and to take targeted measures.

Objectives To analyze the characteristics of serum protein electrophoresis(SPE)in chronic heart failure(CHF) patients,evaluate prognostic value and explore the reason of it preliminarily.Methods Retrospective exploration of 6 1 8 chronic heart failure patients in study cohort (CHF cohort)and 70 patients with normal cardiac function in control cohort was made to comp are the difference of serum protein electrophoresis.Then,CHF Patients were tracked down by phone to discuss the correlation between adverse event rate (re-hospitalization rate or mortality rate)and their SPE.Last,the multiple linear regression analysis of SPE and biochemical indicators was made to explore the reason of the abnormality.Results Pa-tients of CHF cohort appeared to have significantly rising beta 1-gobulin(6.01±1.06)%,compared with control cohort(t=3.417,P<0.001).Post-discharge adverse event rate displayed by the curve demonstrated that patients with beta 1-gobulin higher than or equal to 6% had much more adverse event rate than those with beta 1-gobulin less than 6%,in 7 to 24 months after discharged from the hospital,which had been proved by the Chi-square test of 0.031(P<0.05).Multiple linear regres-sion analysis showed that beta 1-globulin and serum creatinine,uric acid,and sodium were significantly correlated.Conclusion CHF patients had higher beta 1-gobulin of SPE probably because of immunoactivation,which may increase their re-hospi-talization rate ormortality rate after hospital discharge.Meanwhile,growing beta 1-gobulin is closely correlated with blood creatinine,uric acid and blood natrium and becomesa risk of kidney dysfunction due to hypoperfusion and accumulation of se-rum immunoglobulin.

Objective To investigate the high risk factors,pathology and clinical features in fatal pulmonary embolism in the elderly patients with malignant tumor,and to analyze the characters of the embolus and provide experimental data for clinical prevention and treatment offatal pulmonary embolism.Methods Autopsy and clinical data of 19 malignancy cases with fatal pulmonary embolism admitted to Beijing Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.Results 33.9％ of total pulmonary embolism were from malignant diseases (19/56).Saddle and massive pulmonary embolism were in 84.2％ of total 19 cases,and micro-embolism cases were in only 15.8％.The 84.2％ of embolisms were from pulmonary thromboembolism,15.8％ from tumor emboli,and 5.26％ from fungi emboli.Pulmonary adenocarcinoma was the most common (36.5％),the second was pancreatic cancer (15.8％).In all the clinical symptoms,78.9％ of symptoms were dyspnea,15.8％ were syncope.Tachycardia and cyanosis were the common physical signs.Conclusions Malignant tumor is an important risk factor for pulmonary embolism in elderly patients.There are various kinds of emboli in pulmonary embolism in elderly patients with malignant tumor.We should comprehensively consider the causes of pulmonary embolism and give the reasonable and effective treatment to the patients.

This study aimed at optimizing the extraction process of Bi Xie Fen Qing (BXFQ) drink using ultrasound-microwave cooperation with central composite design-response surface method in comparison with the traditional decoction process.Taking microwave frequency,amount of water,extraction time as the main detection factors,diosgenin,glycyrrhizic acid and the extract yield were tested as the evaluation indexes;and taking an integrated score as response value for response surface and contour,predictive analysis was carried out and the optimum extraction conditions were achieved.It was found that the optimum extraction process of BXFQ drink was identified:the microwave frequency was 434 W,water addition was 18.4 times,extraction time was 9.3 mins and the ultrasonic frequency was fixed at 50 W.Under the optimum process,the diosgenin extraction yield rate was 23.17％ (mg· g-1),extraction yield rate of glycyrrhizic acid was 0.64％ (g·g-1),and the extraction yield rate of extractum was 34.12％ (g·g-1).All the indexes were superior to those of the traditional method.It is concluded that the composite design-response surface method is suitable for the extraction optimization of BXFQ drink with favorable predictability of the mathematical model.The optimized ultrasoundmicrowave cooperation was easy to operate with high extraction efficiency.It is suitable for industrialized production with the provision of a scientific reference for the modern formulation development of BXFQ drink.

Aim Toinvestigatingtheinductionof CYPs in hepatocytes or HepG2 cells by triptolide(TP) andthepossiblemechanism.Methods AfterTPtreat-ment,the expression of CYPs in rat primary hepato-cytes or human HepG2 cells was detected by real-time PCR and Western blot assays.Specific inhibitors or gene knockdown method were employed to analyze the possiblemechanism.Results Theexpressionof CYP1A2,2C7,2C11,2C12,2D2,2E1 and 3A1 in rat primary hepatocytes was induced by TP.The fold was 19,2,31,3,21,88 and 34 at 50 nmol·L-1, respectively while at 100 nmol·L-1 it was 20,5,30,23,61,83 and 38,respectively.In HepG2 cells,the expression of human CYP1A1,2B6,2C9,2C19, 2D6,2E1 and 3A4 was also induced by TP.The ac-tivities of nuclear receptor PXR and CAR were inhibi-ted.TP upregulated p53 expression,and the induction of several CYPs caused by TP was blocked when p53 wasinhibited.Conclusions TPinducesCYPsexpres-sion in rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells.Nuclear re-ceptors may not be involved in TP induced CYPs, while the mechanism may partly attribute to p53.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with different parts of heart rupture. Methods Patients diagnosed for AMI complicated with cardiac rupture from January 2010 to December 2015 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were collected. All of them were divided into free wall rupture group and ventricular septal perforation group according to the rupture site. Clinical features, hospital related examination results, treatment and prognosis of these two groups were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 120 patients with AMI complicated with cardiac rupture were included in the study, including 64 patients with free wall rupture, and 56 patients with ventricular septal perforation. Compared with the ventricular septal perforation group by the single factor analysis, the patients in free wall rupture group had higher age (year: 68.88±9.31 vs. 63.86±8.68, t = 3.039, P = 0.003), lower body mass index [BMI (kg/m2): 22.74±2.07 vs. 25.21±2.99, t = -5.203, P = 0.000], higher rate of history of renal insufficiency (12.5% vs. 1.8%, χ2 = 4.942, P = 0.026), higher level of aspartate transaminase [AST (U/L): 76.00 (38.33, 197.50) vs. 33.50 (19.00, 137.50), Z = -2.788, P = 0.005], triglyceride [TG (mmol/L): 1.68±0.50 vs. 1.36±0.70, t = 2.903, P = 0.005], total cholesterol [TC (mmol/L): 4.21±0.74 vs. 3.87±1.01, t = 2.081, P = 0.040], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C (mmol/L): 1.12±0.91 vs. 0.91±0.32, t = 2.910, P = 0.004] and cardiac troponin I [cTnI (μg/L): 18.83 (4.48, 81.68) vs. 0.82 (0.08, 8.50), Z =-5.011, P = 0.000], lower level of blood urea nitrogen [BUN (mmol/L): 7.11±3.11 vs. 10.14±6.97, t = -2.999, P = 0.004], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP (ng/L): 169.00 (98.50, 485.75) vs. 793.00 (478.75, 1 426.25), Z = -5.739, P = 0.000], and D-dimer [μg/L: 219.00 (141.00, 315.75) vs. 310.50 (188.75, 532.00), Z = -2.607, P = 0.009], smaller left ventricular end diastolic diameter [LVEDD (mm): 48.58±5.17 vs. 53.65±6.63, t = -4.631, P = 0.000] and left ventricular end systolic diameter [LVESD (mm): 33.54±5.40 vs. 37.24±6.53, t = -3.397, P = 0.001], lower proportion of left ventricular aneurysm formation [14.1% (9/64) vs. 76.8% (43/56), χ2 = 47.851, P = 0.000] and pulmonary arterial hypertension [20.3% (13/64) vs. 53.6% (30/56), χ2 = 14.368, P = 0.000], higher usage rate of aspirin [100% (64/64) vs. 75.0% (42/56), χ2 = 18.113, P = 0.000], clopidogrel usage rate [82.8% (53/6) vs. 46.4% (26/56), χ2 = 17.578, P = 0.000], ticagrelor usage rate [12.5% (8/64) vs. 1.8% (1/56), χ2 = 4.924, P = 0.026], and common heparin usage rate [53.1% (34/64) vs. 10.7% (6/56), χ2 = 24.174, P = 0.000], lower usage rate of nitrates [70.3% (45/64) vs. 85.7% (48/56), χ2 = 4.063, P = 0.044], higher percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) operation rate [42.9% (27/64) vs. 12.5% (7/56), χ2 = 13.388, P = 0.000], lower coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery rate [7.8% (5/64) vs. 48.2% (27/56), χ2 = 24.930, P = 0.000], success rate of CABG surgery [60.0% (3/5) vs. 100% (27/27), χ2 = 8.233, P = 0.004], and incidence rate of cerebral infarction in hospital [1.6% (1/64) vs. 10.7% (6/56), χ2 = 4.554, P = 0.033], higher hospital all-cause mortality [85.9% (55/64) vs. 23.2% (13/56), χ2 = 47.851, P = 0.000]. The differences of other indicators were not statistically sig nificant. Conclusions Patients with AMI complicated with free wall rupture usually have more risk factors and worse prognosis. These two types of patients should be treated with target.

This study was aimed to establish a HPLC method for the determination of isogarcinol. Daojin Inertsil WP300 C18 (4.6 mm× 150 mm, 5μm) was employed with methanol and water (75?25) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature was set at 40°C. The detection wavelengthγ was set at 277 nm. The results showed that the linear range of isogarcinol was 0.005 7-0.039 9μg. The average recovery rate was 99.58%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was 1.25%. The contents of isogarcinol inGarcinia mangostana,Garcinia oblongifolia,Garcinia oligantha,Cratoxylum cochinchinense andCalophyllum membranaceum were 0.285%, 0.199%, 0.857%, 0.161% and 0.006%, respectively. Isogarcinol was not detected inCratoxylum formosum orCalophyllum inophyllum. It was concluded that the method was convenient, accurate with high sensitivity, good stability and repeatability. It can be used for determination of isogarcinol content in Chinese herbal medicine.

In order to improve the yield and simplify the operation, the synthesizing process of JAK3 inhibitor tofacitinib citrate was improved based on the analysis of the methods previously published.Using 2, 4-dichloro-7H-pyrrolo [2, 3-d] pyrimidine and (3R, 4R)-1-benzyl-N, 4-dimethylpiperidin-3-amine dihydrochloride as starting materials, tofacitinib citrate was obtained through four steps of nucleophilic substitution, catalytic transfer hydrogenation, cyanide acetylation and citrate salt, and its crystal form was consistent with the original research.After optimization, the yield was better than those reported in literature, and the mild reaction conditions were suitable for industrial production.

Objective To prepare scutellarin liposomes and to investigate the pharmacokinetics in rats. Methods The liposomes of scutellarin coated with carbopol were prepared with the film dispersion method.Minicolumn centrifugation method was applied to measure the encapsulation efficiency (EE) before and after coating. SD rats were randomly divided into three groups, which were given intragastric administration of scutellarin suspension, scutellarin liposomes, and carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes, respectively. And then the pharmacokinetic parameters were compared. Results Carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes after intragastric administration in rats showed pharmacokinetic characteristics of two-compartment model. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of scutellarin suspension,scutellarin liposomes,and carbopol-coated scutellarin liposomes were as follows:AUC0-∞(50.03±13.45) μg?h?mL-1 ,(78.99±20.28) μg?h?mL-1 ,and (107.97±27.26) μg?h?mL-1 , respectively. Conclusion After coated liposomes, the oral bioavailability of scutellarin 1iposomes can be significantly improved,and the maximum drug concentration also increased.