Pituitary adenoma,which originates from the pituitary gland,is a common tumor of the nervous and endocrine system,accounting for about 8% to 15% of the brain tumor.The peak incidence of pituitary tumor is 30 to 60 years old.Most of them show slow and limited growth,but 30% to 40% of them show aggressive growth.Surgical treatment has been the first choice so far(except for the prolactinoma),and at present,the domestic scholars advocate that the whole tumor should be cut as far as possible in the case of the most important structure,and carries on the comprehensive treatment.In this study,the comprehensive treatment of pituitary adenomas has been reviewed.

This study aimed at optimizing the extraction process of Bi Xie Fen Qing (BXFQ) drink using ultrasound-microwave cooperation with central composite design-response surface method in comparison with the traditional decoction process.Taking microwave frequency,amount of water,extraction time as the main detection factors,diosgenin,glycyrrhizic acid and the extract yield were tested as the evaluation indexes;and taking an integrated score as response value for response surface and contour,predictive analysis was carried out and the optimum extraction conditions were achieved.It was found that the optimum extraction process of BXFQ drink was identified:the microwave frequency was 434 W,water addition was 18.4 times,extraction time was 9.3 mins and the ultrasonic frequency was fixed at 50 W.Under the optimum process,the diosgenin extraction yield rate was 23.17％ (mg· g-1),extraction yield rate of glycyrrhizic acid was 0.64％ (g·g-1),and the extraction yield rate of extractum was 34.12％ (g·g-1).All the indexes were superior to those of the traditional method.It is concluded that the composite design-response surface method is suitable for the extraction optimization of BXFQ drink with favorable predictability of the mathematical model.The optimized ultrasoundmicrowave cooperation was easy to operate with high extraction efficiency.It is suitable for industrialized production with the provision of a scientific reference for the modern formulation development of BXFQ drink.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and explore related influencing factors of sarcopenia in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Methods:MHD patients aged ≥18 years old and receiving therapies of ≥3 months from March 2019 to December 2019 in Blood Purification Centre of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine were retrospectively enrolled in this study. General data of the patients were collected. Grip strength was measured by the Jamar dynamometer and the chair stand was measured by a chair of standard height to assess skeletal muscle strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Baseline data between MHD patients with and without myasthenia were compared. Logistic regression analysis method was used to analyze the influencing factors for sarcopenia in MHD patients.Results:A total of 125 MHD patients were enrolled, with 68 males (54.4%), age of (59.4±14.9) years and median dialysis age of 51.0(23.5, 101.0) months. Sarcopenia was diagnosed in 39 cases (31.2%). Compared with MHD patients without sarcopenia, age, tumor necrosis factor-α, von Willebrand factor (vWF) and proportion of using α ketones were higher, and serum carbondioxide combining power (CO 2CP), prealbumin, albumin and proportion of regular exercise were lower in MHD patients with sarcopenia (all P<0.05). Multivariable logistic regression analysis results showed that low CO 2CP ( OR=0.717, 95% CI 0.576-0.892, P=0.003), high vWF ( OR=1.037, 95% CI 1.016-1.058, P<0.001) and no regular exercise ( OR=0.309, 95% CI 0.118-0.810, P=0.017) were independent influencing factors of sarcopenia in MHD patients. Conclusions:The prevalence of sarcopenia in MHD patients is high. Low CO 2CP, high vWF and no regular exercise are independent influencing factors for sarcopenia in MHD patients.

Objective Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is one of the common complications during hemodialysis,however its diagnostic criteria are highly controversial at present.In order to fully understand the prevalence of IDH in our center and figure out which diagnostic criteria is better for Chinese maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients,we choose several IDH definitions by reviewing published literatures and analyze their association with mortality.Methods The patients were recruited from Blood Purification Center of Ruijin Hospital undergoing hemodialysis during July 2012.Pre-,intra-and post-dialysis blood pressure were recorded.Patients' clinical characteristics,laboratory results and cardiac ultrasound results were collected.Based on several IDH definitions,we investigated the prevalence rate of IDH and its frequency among MHD patients.SPSS 23.0 was used to analyze data and conduct survival analysis.Results Totally 219 MHD patients underwent 16084 hemodialysis in 6 months.The prevalence rate,overall and individual frequency of IDH fluctuated between 45.21％-100.00％,4.64％-37.60％ and 0.00％-33.00％ respectively.For every IDH criteria,the patients were recruited into the group IDH(+) if they ever met the corresponding definition,otherwise the group IDH(-).Survival analysis found that IDH (the criteria of an absolute systolic blood pressure (SBP) ＜ 90 mmHg or with a decrease of SBP≥ 20 mmHg) could decrease the risk of patients' cardiovascular mortality but was not relevant to all-cause mortality.Further analysis showed these patients had better cardiac functions mainly reflecting in lower Pro-BNP (2880 ng/L vs 6909 ng/L),lower prevalence rate of left ventricular hypertrophy (52％ vs 83％) and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (65.0％ vs 62.5％) than IDH(-) patients.No correlation was found between other IDH criteria and mortality.Conclusions The prevalence rate,overall and individual IDH frequency of IDH are of high variability when diagnosed by different IDH criteria.All IDH episodes defined by our selected definitions are of no association with all-cause mortality.An absolute SBP ＜ 90 mmHg or with a decrease of SBP≥20 mmHg can decrease the risk of cardiovascular mortality due to their better cardiac function.Large scale researches should be conducted to find optimal IDH definition and explore the association of IDH and mortality.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and ADR of ultrasound debridement combined with Huangma tinc-ture in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer. METHODS:90 diabetic foot ulcer patients were randomly divided into combination treatment group(ultrasound debridement combined with Huangma tincture wet compress),Huangma tincture group(Huangma tinc-ture wet compress) and control group (vaseline) with 30 cases in each group. 3 months after treatment,Ulcer healing rate,cure time,effective time,recovery time,cure rate and ADR were observed in each group. RESULTS:The ulcer healing rate of combi-nation treatment group was significantly higher than that of Huangma tincture group and control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05);there was statistical significance between Huangma tincture group and control group(P<0.05). Mean cure time,effec-tive time and recovery time of combination treatment group were all significantly lower than Huangma tincture group and control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05);there was statistical significance between Huangma tincture group and control group (P<0.05). Cure rate of combination treatment group was higher than that of Huangma tincture group and control group,with statis-tical significance (P<0.05);there was statistical significance between Huangma tincture group and control group (P<0.05). No ADR was found in combination treatment group and Huangma tincture group. CONCLUSIONS:The ultrasound debridement com-bined with Huangma tincture in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer improve healing rate and shorten healing time significantly with-out obvious ADR. It has good clinical efficacy.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated with different parts of heart rupture. Methods Patients diagnosed for AMI complicated with cardiac rupture from January 2010 to December 2015 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were collected. All of them were divided into free wall rupture group and ventricular septal perforation group according to the rupture site. Clinical features, hospital related examination results, treatment and prognosis of these two groups were analyzed statistically. Results A total of 120 patients with AMI complicated with cardiac rupture were included in the study, including 64 patients with free wall rupture, and 56 patients with ventricular septal perforation. Compared with the ventricular septal perforation group by the single factor analysis, the patients in free wall rupture group had higher age (year: 68.88±9.31 vs. 63.86±8.68, t = 3.039, P = 0.003), lower body mass index [BMI (kg/m2): 22.74±2.07 vs. 25.21±2.99, t = -5.203, P = 0.000], higher rate of history of renal insufficiency (12.5% vs. 1.8%, χ2 = 4.942, P = 0.026), higher level of aspartate transaminase [AST (U/L): 76.00 (38.33, 197.50) vs. 33.50 (19.00, 137.50), Z = -2.788, P = 0.005], triglyceride [TG (mmol/L): 1.68±0.50 vs. 1.36±0.70, t = 2.903, P = 0.005], total cholesterol [TC (mmol/L): 4.21±0.74 vs. 3.87±1.01, t = 2.081, P = 0.040], high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C (mmol/L): 1.12±0.91 vs. 0.91±0.32, t = 2.910, P = 0.004] and cardiac troponin I [cTnI (μg/L): 18.83 (4.48, 81.68) vs. 0.82 (0.08, 8.50), Z =-5.011, P = 0.000], lower level of blood urea nitrogen [BUN (mmol/L): 7.11±3.11 vs. 10.14±6.97, t = -2.999, P = 0.004], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP (ng/L): 169.00 (98.50, 485.75) vs. 793.00 (478.75, 1 426.25), Z = -5.739, P = 0.000], and D-dimer [μg/L: 219.00 (141.00, 315.75) vs. 310.50 (188.75, 532.00), Z = -2.607, P = 0.009], smaller left ventricular end diastolic diameter [LVEDD (mm): 48.58±5.17 vs. 53.65±6.63, t = -4.631, P = 0.000] and left ventricular end systolic diameter [LVESD (mm): 33.54±5.40 vs. 37.24±6.53, t = -3.397, P = 0.001], lower proportion of left ventricular aneurysm formation [14.1% (9/64) vs. 76.8% (43/56), χ2 = 47.851, P = 0.000] and pulmonary arterial hypertension [20.3% (13/64) vs. 53.6% (30/56), χ2 = 14.368, P = 0.000], higher usage rate of aspirin [100% (64/64) vs. 75.0% (42/56), χ2 = 18.113, P = 0.000], clopidogrel usage rate [82.8% (53/6) vs. 46.4% (26/56), χ2 = 17.578, P = 0.000], ticagrelor usage rate [12.5% (8/64) vs. 1.8% (1/56), χ2 = 4.924, P = 0.026], and common heparin usage rate [53.1% (34/64) vs. 10.7% (6/56), χ2 = 24.174, P = 0.000], lower usage rate of nitrates [70.3% (45/64) vs. 85.7% (48/56), χ2 = 4.063, P = 0.044], higher percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) operation rate [42.9% (27/64) vs. 12.5% (7/56), χ2 = 13.388, P = 0.000], lower coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery rate [7.8% (5/64) vs. 48.2% (27/56), χ2 = 24.930, P = 0.000], success rate of CABG surgery [60.0% (3/5) vs. 100% (27/27), χ2 = 8.233, P = 0.004], and incidence rate of cerebral infarction in hospital [1.6% (1/64) vs. 10.7% (6/56), χ2 = 4.554, P = 0.033], higher hospital all-cause mortality [85.9% (55/64) vs. 23.2% (13/56), χ2 = 47.851, P = 0.000]. The differences of other indicators were not statistically sig nificant. Conclusions Patients with AMI complicated with free wall rupture usually have more risk factors and worse prognosis. These two types of patients should be treated with target.

Objective To explore the incidence and associated factors of aortic artery calcification (AAC) by lateral lumbar X-ray score in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.Mehtods A total of 155 MHD patients with complete clinical data in our hospital were enrolled in the study.Lateral lumbar X-ray score of the abdominal aorta was used to determine AAC in MHD patients.Results Aortic calcification was most severe in front of the fourth lumbar segment and ameliorated in higher lumbar levels.63.63％ of MHD patients presented visible calcification in the abdominal aorta,and 28.39％ had severe calcification with more than three segments.Age (OR=1.094,P＜0.01),dialysis vintage (OR=1.013,P=0.022),triglyceride (OR=1.261,P=0.030) and phosphate level (OR=1.324,P=0.023) were risk factors of abdominal aorta calcification,however serum albumin level (OR =0.239,P=0.013) was protect factor of aortic calcification.Conclusions Incidence of AAC is quite high in MHD patients and associated with increasing of age,duration of hemodialysis,serum triglyceride,phosphate level and plasma albumin.The semi-quantitative X-ray method of determining vascular calcification is less expensive and may be widely available clinically.

Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a common and serious complication in long-term dialysis patients, who often experience multiple symptoms and a poor quality of life. Parathyroidectomy (PTX) is the best choice for severe SHPT patients with poor drug treatment. At present, the follow-up after PTX has not received sufficient attention, and the assessment of patients' clinical symptoms and quality of life is not yet adequate. In view of this, we systematically combed the changes and influencing factors of patients' quality of life and related symptoms after surgery, in order to provide reference for the practice and research of symptom management of such patients in the future.

Objective:To investigate the clinical practice of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in maintenance hemodialysis patients in Shanghai, and to better understand the changes of clinical practice for CKD-MBD.Methods:Sixty-four hospitals with qualified dialysis center in Shanghai were selected for questionnaire survey as of March 2019. The survey questionnaire included the number of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients, the implementation of CKD-MBD guidelines, the learning of CKD-MBD guidelines, the detection and distribution of CKD-MBD biochemical indicators, the treatment of hyperphosphatemia, the treatment of secondary heperparathyroidism (SHPT) and renal bone disease, and the concentration of calcium ion in dialysate. The results were compared with previous survey data in 2011.Results:There were sixty-three hospitals included in this study, with 10 168 maintenance hemodialysis patients and 4 610 maintenance peritoneal dialysis patients in Shanghai. 84.1%(53/63) hospitals implemented the guidelines smoothly, which increased by 28.5% compared with the rate (55.6%) of 2011. The successful implementation rates for guidelines in secondary and tertiary hospitals were 83.3%(25/30) and 84.8%(28/33) , which increased by 44.0% and 11.7% respectively (39.3% of secondary hospitals and 73.1% of tertiary hospitals in 2011). All hospitals carried out the detection for serum calcium and phosphorus. The rate for parathyroid hormone (PTH), total alkaline phosphatase (AKP), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D], and other bone metabolism-related biomarkers were 98.4%(62/63), 90.5%(57/63), 19.0%(12/63), 90.5%(57/63) and 42.9%(27/63), respectively; coronary artery CT, lumbar lateral X-ray plain, echocardiography, bone mineral density, and vascular ultrasound were carried out in 68.3%(43/63), 74.6%(47/63), 100.0%(63/63), 68.3%(43/63)and 69.8%(44/63), respectively. Compared with 2011, the proportion of detection for PTH, AKP, BAP, 25(OH)D, coronary artery CT, lumbar lateral film and echocardiography increased by 2.1%, 1.6%, 0.5%, 47.9%, 14.6%, 20.9% and 1.9%, respectively. The proportion of patients with serum phosphorus ranging in 0.80-1.45 mmol/L(KDIGO guideline), serum phosphorus ranging in 0.80-1.78 mmol/L(KDOQI guideline), calcium ranging in 2.10-2.54 mmol/L, and PTH ranging in 150-600 ng/L were 37.0%(3 323/8 969), 50.7%(4 571/9 018), 60.2%(5 568/9 244) and 33.2%(3 018/9 087). Compared with 2011(39.6%, 53.5% and 34.1%), the proportion of patients with ideal serum phosphorus (0.80-1.78 mmol/L) and calcium (2.10-2.54 mmol/L) levels increased by 11.1% and 6.7% respectively, and the proportion with PTH 150-300 ng/L decreased by 0.9%. The proportion of hospitals for using non-calcium phosphate binders (lanthanum carbonate from 1.9% to 87.3% and sevelamer carbonate from 14.8% to 63.5%) and surgical treatment (from 38.9% to 68.3%) for SHPT dramatically increased.Conclusions:Through the availability of medicine increases, and nephrologists gain deeper understanding in management and treatment of CKD-MBD, the detection rate for CKD-MBD indicators and the eligible rate have significantly improved compared with those in 2011. However, the comprehensive management of CKD-MBD in Shanghai still faces great challenges. It is still necessary to further improve eligible rate for serum phosphorus and iPTH, so as to provide more evidences and management strategies for integrated management of end-stage renal disease and prevention of abnormal calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients.

OBJECTIVE To learn from the self-medication tax system in Japan and improve over-the-counter drug cost sharing mechanism in China. METHODS By searching relevant policies and literature ，the evolution ，specific contents ，current situation and effects of Japanese self-medication tax system were summarized. Recommendations were put forward in the light of the actual situation of over-the-counter drug guarantee in China. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Japan has implemented the self-medication tax system since 2017. The Ministry of Health ， Labour and Welfare has made clear provisions on the preconditions for applying for the tax system and the deduction standards of the tax system ，and established a list of drugs to be responsible for the regular inclusion and discharge of the drugs under the tax system. The self- medication tax system has a remarkable effect in promoting the self-health management ，disease prevention and reducing medical expenses of Japanese residents. Our country can learn from the self-medication tax system in Japan and the experience of implementing the special deduction system for major medical conditions in China. To promote rational self-medication ，it is advisable to add a special deduction system for over-the-counter drugs into deductions in personal income tax and formulate the criteria and scope of application ，and establish a special list of over-the-counter drugs，thereby reducing the heavy burden of medical expenses of residents ，and exploring a new way to share the costs of over-the-counter drugs which is applicable to our national conditions.