Objective To investigate the change of plasma marinobufagenin (MBG) level and the expression of its receptor Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in renal biopsy specimens of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients. Methods Twenty-eight CGN patients and 14 healthy people were enrolled in the study. The plasma MBG concentration was measured by competitive inhibition ELISA system. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were applied to detect the expression of NKA in renal biopsy specimens of 28 CGN patients and analyzed by semi quantitively. Results Compared with healthy controls, CGN patients had significant lower plasma MBG concentration [(0.579±0.214) nmol/L vs (0.715±0.154) nmol/L, P＜0.05], without further significant difference between CGN patients with hypertension and with normal blood pressure [(0.595±0.231) nmol/L vs (0.557±0.197) nmol/L, P＞0.05]. Meanwhile, proximal tubular staining of NKA was decreased compared with normal controls. The NKA positive staining area of the CGN group was lower than that of normal controls [2.1% (0.5%-6.2%) vs 5.6% (3.5%-10.8%), P＜0.01] and correlated with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (r=0.551, P＜0.01).Conclusion Decreased plasma MBG level and its receptor expression on proximal tubules may play a role in the regulation of sodium in CGN.

Objective To investigate the association of vitamin D receptor gene (Apa1,Bsm1,Taq1) polymorphisms with autoimmune liver diseases risk.Metiods Case control test documents were retrieved through Pubmed,Ovid,Medline,and Web of science databases,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria included in this study.The design of experiments,the characteristics of the object of study,research results was excerpted,STATA version 12.0 software were used.The correlation intensity was demonstrated with odds ratio (OR) and 95％ confidence interval (CI).Results A total of 6 publications containing 9 studies (7 studies about primary biliary cirrhosis,2 studies about autoimmune hepatitis) published from January 2000 to February 2012 were identified and 844 cases and 1 522 controls were included.The combined results based on all studies showed that there was a statistically significant link between Apa 1 and autoimmune liver diseases (OR =0.85,95％ CI 0.74-0.96,P =0.058,for a vs.A; OR =0.75,95％ CI 0.58-0.97,P =0.212,for aa vs.AA;OR =0.78,95％ CI 0.63-0.98,P =0.235,for Aa vs.AA; OR =0.77,95％ CI 0.63-0.94,P =0.231,for Aa/aa vs.AA),while the Bsm 1 and Taq 1 didn' t show the association with autoimmune liver diseases.Conclusion The current meta-analysis shows that Apal may be a low-penetrant risk factor for autoimmune liver diseases.Bsm1 and Taq1 don't show the association with autoimmune liver diseases.

Objective There are three categories of bioaerosol laser telemetry systems according to the light source configuration parameters:namely traditional lidar(light datection and ranging,laser radar), micro-pulse lidar and pseudo-random modulation(lidar).The system source parameters,which impact the degree of danger and detection sensitivity of the system, need to be optimized.Methods With reference to the USA laser product safety standards and by establishing the corresponding mathematical model of a lidar, the three categories of lidar source configuration were compared according to signal to noise ratio(SNR) and security before the repetition rate, pulse energy, divergence angle, distance and other dangerous impact factors were calculated.Results The results showed that to ensure eyesafety, the use of the pulse frequency should be set at 55 kHz for the highest SNR under the micro-pulse lidar excitation mode.Conclusion The eyesafety requirements impact the excitation of light source of a bioaerosol telemetry system.

Objective To compare two separation medium of isolation of adult rat cardiomyocytes , and to observe the characteristics of excitation-contraction coupling of cardiomyocytes .Methods The isolated adult rat heart was hanged on to the Langendorff apparatus for aortic counter-current perfusion and collagenase digestion using two different separation medium.The single cardiomyocytes were cultured and infected with adenovirus . The morphological features of cardiomyocytes were observed with microscope and fluorescent microscope . The shortening-re-lengthening features of sarcomere and the intake-discharge features of calcium were simultaneously recorded by IonOptix equipment .Results 70%rod-shaped with clear-striation adult rat cardiomyocytes could be obtained with the stated two separation medium and cultured in serum-free medium for more than 7 days.GFP could express more than 7 days when the cardiomyocytes were infected with adenovirus .Cardiomyocytes obtained by the first separation medium could not contract with the electrical stimulation, while cardiomyoctyes obtained by the second separation medium could be used for the detection of excitation -contraction coupling .The shortening fraction of sarcomere was 11.61%±2.15% and the relaxing time was ( 0.177 ± 0.031) s.The amplitude of calcium transient was 30.79% ±9.74 % and the decaying time of calcium transient was (0.300 ±0.074) s.Conclusion With the stated two separation medium , adult rat cardiomyocytes can be well isolated , cultured and infected with adenovirus .The second separation medium can be used for the detection of excitation-contraction coupling characteristics .

Objective Sperm quality can be affected by many factors .The aim of this study was to observe the effects of di-etary n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFAs) on sperm concentration and motility . Methods Twenty healthy B6 male mice were equally randomized to a control and an experimental group to be fed with standard diet and standard diet +10%arachidonic acid (AA), respectively, both for 8 weeks.Then the testes and epididymal tails of the mice were collected for observation of the changes in the microstructure of the epididymal tissue and determination of sperm motility and concentration . Results Compared with the con-trol group, the experimental animals showed significantly decreased serum levels of α-linolenic acid ( ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and linoleic acid (LA) (P <0.01), but dramatically increased the levels of AA and n-6/n-3 PUFAs (P<0.01).The latter also exhibited remarkable reduction in sperm concentration (7 ×106/mL vs 80 ×106/mL, P<0.01), sperm motility (27%vs 86%, P<0.01). Conclusion High levels of dietary n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratios reduce sperm concentration and motility in mice .

Objective To evaluate the effect of enteral nutritional support for the liver cancer patients with precise hepatetomy under fast track process model. Methods 82 patients were prospectively randomized into enteral nutrition group (n = 41) and parenteral nutrition (n = 41). The hemoglobin (HB), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) and total lymphocyte count (TLC) were measured on 3 days before operation and 7 days after operation respectively. The two groups were compared in terms of time for anal exhaust and defecation after surgery , the postoperative hospital stay, the gastrointestinal adverse reactions and complications after surgery. Results The nutrition and immunity indicators on day 7 after operation were significantly poorer and lower than on day 3 before operation in the parenteral nutrition group (P<0.05); the declines of TP and ALB were significantly contained in the enteral nutrition group (P<0.05). The time for anal exhaust and defecation in the enteral nutrition group was advanced 15.1 h and 27.9 h on average, compared to the parenteral nutrition group and control group, respectively. The rate of adverse reaction was significantly lowered (17.3%vs. 40.4%, P<0.05). The rate of complications in the enteral nutrition group was significantly lower than the parenteral nutrition group (P>0.05). Conclusion Enteral nutritional support under fast track process model for the liver cancer patients undergoing precise resection could improve clinical outcome.

Objective: To investigate the neural connections between Shenmen (HT7)-heart and the brain by observing the tracing viruses co-labeled brain nuclear groups after injection of the pseudorabies viruses (PRV), the reverse transsynaptic virus tracer carrying different fluorescent protein genes, into the myocardium and Shenmen (HT7) point, respectively.Methods: Pseudorabies virus 531 (PRV531) carrying the green fluorescent protein gene and pseudorabies virus 724 (PRV724) carrying the red fluorescent protein gene were injected into the left ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point area of the left forelimb of six C57BL/6 mice, respectively. After 120 h, whole brain tissue was extracted under 4％ paraformaldehyde perfusion to prepare brain sections. Neuronal co-labeling with the tracing viruses was observed under fluorescence microscopy. Results: Co-labeled signals from the mouse ventricular wall and Shenmen (HT7) point region were found at all levels of the mouse central nervous areas, such as the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata. The number of co-labeled neurons was higher in the primary motor area, the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, the subceruleus nucleus, and the paramedian reticular nucleus. Conclusion: There is a neural connection between Shenmen (HT7), the heart, and the brain, which may be most closely related to the autonomic nervous system.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease. Joint deformity and dysfunction can occur in the late stage of the disease,which is seriously harmful to human health. Anti-inflammatory factors (AIC), as a protective factor, together with pro-inflammatory factors (PIC) play important roles in the pathogenesis and progression of RA. It is widely accepted by the majority of scholars that the decrease of AIC and the increase of PIC in RA can aggravate the systemic and local inflammatory reactions and accelerate the articular cartilage and subchondral bone destruction, resulting in further progress of RA. A new generation of biological therapy for RA targeting at AIC is in the ascendant. Therefore ,it is important to understand the role of AIC in the pathogenesis of RA. From the perspective of the relationship between AIC and RA and the mechanism, this article reviews the research progress in this field, which provides new concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.

Objective To develop a multi-channel dry type biochemistry sensor with a compact structure and high measurement accuracy.Methods The principle of double beam compensation based on reference LED was applied to improve the measurement accuracy.The complex splitting system was replaced by MXN fiber bundle and free-form surface lens to make the instrument more compact and lightweight.Use of the adaptive amplification photoelectric detection improved the measurement accuracy while simplifying the process.Results and Conclusion It has been proved by experiments that this sensor has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, little interference and compact construction. This sensor may well meet the requirements of dry type biochemistry analysis.

Objective To construct expression vectors of calmodulin(CaM)mutants N2 and C2,and to express,purify,and identify the mutant proteins,in order to study the interactions between CaM and calcium channels. Methods The cDNA of N?lobe and C?lobe of CaM were used to prepare the cDNA of N2 and C2. Next,the recombinant cDNAs were cloned into a pGEX?6p?3 plasmid,and the recombinant plasmids were trans?ferred into E.coli BL21 cells. The transfected BL21 cells were stimulated with IPTG. The fusion proteins were extracted by ultrasonication and puri?fied by using GS?4B beads. Finally,protein activity was identified by the pull?down assay. Results Both the restriction digestion map and the DNA sequence identification results confirmed that the recombinant plasmids were successfully constructed. SDS?PAGE results showed high purity and concentration of N2 and C2 proteins. Their activities and binding abilities with the calcium channel fragment were confirmed by the pull?down assay.Conclusion In this study,expression vectors of N2 and C2 are successfully constructed,and physiologically active N2 and C2 CaM mutant proteins are obtained.