BACKGROUND:When immunological rejection occurs following liver transplantation,liver cells are destroyed by infiltrated T lymphocytes,leading to progressive deterioration of hepatic function owing to reduction of liver cells.Induction of immunological tolerance of liver transplantation remains a challenge.OBJECTIVE:To observe the influences of pretransplant intraportal infusion of recipient blood into donor on the apoptosis of hepatic allograft-infiltrating T lymphocytes in rats.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:A randomized,controlled,animal experiment was performed at the Organ Transplant Unit,China University between May 2002 and May 2004.MATERIALS:Inbred rats were developed into models of orthotopic liver transplantation.Twenty-four female ACI rats(RT1a)served as donors,and an additional twenty-four male LEW rats(RT11)served as recipients.METHODS:A modification of cuff method was employed for orthotopic liver transplantation in rats.Twenty-four recipient rats recipient blood was infused into each donor rat via the portal vein.All blood infusions were performed 7 days prior to liver transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Rat survival time,serum content of γ- interferon,histological changes of hepatic allograft,number of dendritic cells in the hepatic allograft,and T lymphocyte apoptosis following liver transplantation.RESULTS:Rat survival time was significantly longer in the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group than in the control group(P＜0.01).At 3 and 5 days after liver transplantation,the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group exhibited significantly higher serum content of y- interferon than the control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences in rat survival time and serum content of γ- interferon were found between intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood and intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood groups and control group(P＞0.05).In the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group,infiltrated T lymphocytes in the hepatic allograft were significantly reduced,and a large number of donor-sourced dendritic cells were detected.The number of apoptotic cells per square millimeter of hepatic tissue was significantly higher in the intraportal infusion of non-recipient blood group than in the control group(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Pretransplant intraportal infusion of recipient blood into donor can prolong the survival time of hepatic allograft and promote the apoptosis of hepatic allograft-infiltrating T lymphocytes.

Objective: To investigate the possibility and diagnostic efficiency of ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT bone scan after oral administration (PO) by comparing with that of intravenous injection (IV). Methods: Fifty patients (19 males, 31 females; average age: (52.8±11.7) years) with cancer who underwent PET/CT scans after oral and intravenous administration of ¹⁸F-NaF respectively with an interval of 2-7 d from June 2015 to September 2016 were prospectively enrolled. Single-phase ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT was performed 60 min after IV, and dual-phase ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT was performed 60 and 120 min after PO. All PET/CT images were reviewed, lesions were counted, and maximum standardized uptake value (SUV_max) and target/non-target (T/NT) ratios were calculated and compared. Paired t test was used. Results: Forty-one patients (15 males, 26 females; average age: (53.5±10.4) years) who finished all PET/CT scans were enrolled. The images at 120 min after PO was visually similar to the images at 60 min after IV. Three modalities detected the same cases and lesions (35 positive cases: 25 malignant, 8 benign, 2 cases with indefinite diagnosis; 302 lesions: 172 malignant, 108 benign, 22 ambiguous lesions). The SUV_{max-PO60 min} and SUV_{max-PO120 min} were lower than the SUV_{max-IV60 min} in the same lesion (18.22±12.64, 26.60±19.49 vs 28.07±16.34; t values: -12.36 and -3.59, both P<0.05). A total of 194 lesions were included for T/NT ratio analysis. T/NT_{IV60 min}, T/NT_{PO60 min} and T/NT_{PO120 min} were 2.76±1.30, 2.87±1.50, 2.98±1.42, respectively, and T/NT_{PO120 min} was higher than T/NT_{IV60 min} (t=3.18, P<0.05). Conclusion ¹⁸F-NaF PET/CT images after PO, especially at 120 min post-PO, has similar diagnostic power of lesion-detection and SUV_max-measurement with IV.