Osteoarthritis is mainly caused by the degenerative changes of cartilage and cartilage extracellular matrix,while Aggrecanases degradate Proteoglycans which are the major components of cartilage.This review includes three aspects:(1) We have concluded the major enzymes(ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) which regulate the metabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix.Meanwhile,we have summarized the structure of aggrecanases(ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) and introduced the function of each regional structure;(2) We have concluded the way cytokines and glycosaminoglycans regulate the metabolism of aggrecanases,and discussed the regulation and control principle of cytokines and glycosaminoglycan;(3) We have summarized the majority of inhibitors to the aggrecanases,introduced the endogenic inhibitors,and put our emphasis on the extrinsic inhibitors(chelating agents,polypeptides and so on).Through deeper research on the enzymes,it will help us further understand the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis,and open up new avenues to clinical treatment.Abstract:SUMM ARY Osteoarthritis is mainly caused by the degenerative changes of cartilage and cartilage extra-cellular matrix,while Aggrecanases degradate Proteoglycanswhich are the major components of cartilage.This review includes three aspects:(1) W e have concluded the major enzymes(ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) which regulate the metabolism of cartilage extracellular matrix.Meanwhile,we have sum-marized the structure of aggrecanases(ADAMTS-4 and ADAMTS-5) and introduced the function of each regional structure;(2) W e have concluded the way cytokines and glycosam inoglycans regulate the metab-olism of aggrecanases,and d iscussed the regulation and control principle of cytokines and glycosam inogly-can;(3) W e have summarized the majority of inhibitors to the aggrecanases,introduced the endogenic inhibitors,and put our emphasis on the extrinsic inhibitors(chelating agents,polypeptides and so on).Through deeper research on the enzymes,it will help us further understand the pathogenesis of osteoar-thritis,and open up new avenues to clinical treatment.

T lymphocyte subset and NK cells in the blood of SCI patients were measured by APAAP(Alkaline Phosphatase Antialkaline Phosphatase) in order to study the change of immune function in SCI patients.The results showed that cell mediated and non specific immune function in SCI patients was decreased. It plays a role in the rehabilitation of SCI patients to increase immune function.

Objective As the intracranial aneurysm diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) examination,the patient's cerebral vessels models of intracranial aneurysms were built by 3D Printer.According to the models,the size,shape,orientation of the aneurysms,as well as the relationship between the parent artery and the branch vessels were analyzed to provide reference for craniotomy.Methods The 11 patients with intracranial aneurysms diagnosed by DSA were prospectively selected in this study from May 1,2016 to June 30,2016.The DSA data of the patients were output in DICOM format,after format conversion and three-dimensional reconstruction by MIMICS software,the selected target regions were modeled by 3D printers in different proportions (1∶1 and 1∶3).Results The cerebral vascular 3D printing models could reflect the shape,size and distribution of the cerebral vascular and orientation of the intracranial aneurysms.It could also show the relationship between the aneurysm and parent arteries along with vascular branches.It was showed that the original size and different amplified model could provide reference for the aneurysm clipping surgery.Conclusion The 3D printing technology can be used into the production of human cerebral vascular models,which can provide a physical model for diagnosis and treatment of intracranial aneurysms,and it can also provide useful reference for preoperative and intraoperative aneurysm clip selection and clamping method decision during the aneurysm clip surgery.

H 1-antihistamines are widely used in the treatment of various allergic diseases, but there are still many challenges in the safe and rational use of H 1-antihistamines in pediatrics, and there is a lack of guidance on the prescription review of H 1-antihistamines for children.In this paper, suggestions are put forward from the indications, dosage, route of administration, pathophysiological characteristics of children with individual difference and drug interactions, so as to provide reference for clinicians and pharmacists.