Objective:To observe serum cystatin C (Cys C)level in patients before and after off-pump coronary ar-tery bypass grafting (OPCABG),and explore its relationship with coronary artery lesion.Methods:A total of 321 patients,who received OPCABG in department of heart surgery of our hospital from Aug 2013 to Nov 2013,were selected.According to number of diseased coronary vessels,they were divided into single-vessel group (n= 11), double-vessel group (n=33)and multi-vessel group (n=277).Double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure serum Cys C level in all groups.Results:The Cys C levels in single-vessel group, double-vessel group,multi-vessel group before OPCABG were (0.732 ± 0.286)mg/L, (0.807 ± 0.265)mg/L, (0.911±0.273)mg/L respectively,there were significant difference (F=3.942,P =0.038);and after OPCABG were (0.616±0.198)mg/L,(0.607±0.201)mg/L, (0.646±0.166)mg/L respectively ,there were no signifi-cant difference (F=0.493,P =0.617),namely there was no significant relationship between coronary artery disease extent and Cys C level after OPCABG,P >0.05. Conclusion:There is no significant relationship between original coronary artery disease extent and serum cystatin C level after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting,namely off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting is an effective therapeutic measure for patients with coronary heart disease.

Objective:To summarize our clinical experience in the treatment of aortic root aneurysm by aortic valve sparing root replacement.Methods:From May 2017 to October 2019, a total of 20 patients with aortic root aneurysm underwent aortic valve sparing root replacement by reimplantation method. There were 17 males and 3 females, with an average age of(35.6±15.8) years(12-63 years). There were 11 cases of Marfan syndrome, 5 cases of bicuspid aortic valve, and 1 case of redo operation. The preoperative diameter of ascending aorta was(40.6±9.7)mm, the diameter of aortic sinus was(52.2±9.2)mm, and the diameter of aortic valve ring was(27.1±3.6)mm. There were 10 cases of no or mild regurgitation, 5 cases of moderate regurgitation and 5 cases of severe regurgitation. In the whole group of patients, the root replacement of aortic valve was retained by reimplantation, and the artificial graft were selected as: 26, 28 and 30mm straight vessels, 1, 3 and 6 cases, respectively, 26 and 28mm artificial graft with valsalva sinus, 4 and 6 cases, respectively. During the operation, aortic valve cusp repair was performed in 6 cases, such as plication of the free margin( 4 cases), decalcification(1 case) and raphe release(1 case).Results:None of the patients died in hospital or underwent rethoracotomy for hemostasis. During the operation, the duration of CPB time was(171.0±25.6) minutes and the duration of cross-clamp time was(134.0±23.2) minutes. There were 12 cases of aortic valve regurgitation and 8 cases of mild regurgitation. The mean follow-up was(15.1±9.8) months(4-33 months). During the follow-up period, there were 2 cases with moderate aortic regurgitation no need reoperation, while the rest of the patients had no or mild regurgitation. There are no patients undergoing reoperation. During the follow-up, 1 patient suffered coronary artery embolism in left circumflex artery and recovered after medicine treatment.Conclusion:Reimplantation with aortic valve sparing root replacement is safe and effective in the treatment of aortic root aneurysm, and the early and mid-term follow-up results are satisfactory, which can avoid anticoagulation-related complications and is suitable for young patients.

Problem-based learning (PBL) teaching method can improve students' ability of study,analysis and problem-solving.Network platform based PBL teaching mode combines the network education and PBL teaching mode; it has clear superiority in information acquisition,communication and transmission.Furthermore,it can also solve the problem of inadequate teaching sources.Network platform based PBL teaching mode was applied in neurology teaching to investigate the best scheme and form for teaching plan compilation,network platform building-up and teaching process implementation.At the same time,teaching effect was evaluated and summarized in an aim to improving neurology teaching quality and speeding up the reform of network-based PBL teaching.

Objective To construct a model of small caliber vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in tissue engineering,to investigate the performance of the sustained-release microspheres and vascular stent,and to provide materials and theoretical basis for animal experiment.Methods The sheep carotid arteries were treated with a cellular reagents,the cellular conditions and the stent properties were observed.Preparation of sustained release microspheres containing VEGF,particle size,encapsulation efficiency,drug loading and release curve were measured.The effective combination of the slow release microsphere and the vascular stent was used in the freeze drying technology.The rat vascular endothelial cells grown in tissue engineered blood vessel model release lumen,observe the growth of endothelial cells.Results After the treatment,the original performance of the vascular stent can be maintained.The average particle size of the microspheres was (9.8 ± 6.0) μm,which could be released slowly in 20 days,and the release rate was 70％.Microspheres can effectively with the tissue.engineering blood vessel tight binding.Rat vascular endothelial cells can grow in the vascular stent surface.Conclusion Using Triton X-100,DNA/RNA ribozyme for acellular reagent,stent performance is good.PLGA microspheres have good sustained release performance,and constructing appropriate tissue engineered small caliber vascular release model by using freeze drying technology can make the stent compact structure.

Objective To investigate the risk factors for clopidogrel resistance (CR) in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Turbidimatry was used to measure the platelet aggregation rate changes after the patients with acute ischemic stroke taking 75 mg of clopidogrel per day for 10-14 days.The patients were divided into either a CR or a clopidogrel sensitivity (CS) group according to the platelet aggregation rate changes.The demographic and clinical data of both groups were compared.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the independent risk factors for CR.Results A total of 147 patients with acute ischemic stroke were included,42 of them (28.57％ ) were in the RC group and 105 (71.43％) were in the CS group.The proportion of patients in diabetes (54.76％ vs.11.43％ ;x2 =31.054,P =0.000),the history of transient ischemic attack (TIA) (80.95％ vs.26.67％ ;x2 =36.251,P=0.000) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) (26.19％ vs.3.81％;x2 =16.400,P=0.000),taking calcium channel blocker (CCB) (83.33％ vs.54.29％ ;x2 =10.810,P =0.001 ),angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)/angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) (66.67％ vs.42.86％;x2 =6.803,P=0.009),and proton pump inhibitor (47.62％ vs. 14.29％;x2 =18.375,P =0.000) in the CR group,as well as the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC),glucose,and glycated hemoglobin were significantly higher than those in the CS group.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes (odds ratio [ OR] 13.711,95％ confidence interval [ CI] 1.667 - 112.784; P =0.015),increased TC level (OR 2.828,95％CI 1.574 - 5.080; P =0.001),previous history of TIA (OR16.627,95％ CI 4.691 - 58.934; P =0.000),and long-term taking CCB (OR 4.147,95％ CI 1.053 - 16.332;P =0.042),and ACEI/ARB (OR 4.841,95％ CI 1.539 - 15.231; P =0.007) were the independent risk factors for CR.Conclusions CR in patients with ischemic stroke is associated with a variety of factors,in which diabetes,increased TC,as well as long-term taking CCB and ACEI/ARB are the independent risk factors for CR.

Objective:To investigate the expression and significance of T helper cell 17 (Th17), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and coagulation function in patients with infectious endocarditis(IE).Methods:From December 2016 to December 2018, IE patients in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University who met the inclusion criteria were selected for cardiac surgery to analyze prospectively, 38 IE patients were selected as the observation group, and 30 healthy people were selected as the control group.The concentrations of serum Th17 related factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21), sICAM-1 and coagulation index(P selectin(sP-SLT)) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the difference between the two groups were statistically analyzed.Results:The concentrations of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21((29.88±6.49), (14.89±3.31), (21.89±3.01), (563.26±67.36) ng/L) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group((16.56±4.11), (7.52±2.34), (12.91±1.01), (423.38±56.49) ng/L)(all P<0.05). The level of serum sICAM-1 and sP-SLT ((1 247.57(581.39, 1 794.66) μg/L, (60.29±6.61) mg/L)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group((837.28(405.68, 954.47) μg/L, (27.37±5.56) mg/L), and the difference was statistically significant( Z=12.37, t=22.30, all P<0.05). The level of serum IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and IL-21 in patients with postoperative infective endocarditis((16.19±4.07), (7.73±2.40), (13.83±0.94), (425.33±52.12) ng/L) were significantly lower than those before operation((29.88±6.49), (14.89±2.31), (21.89±3.01), (563.26±67.36) ng/L), and the differences were statistically significant(t values were 11.02, 13.25, 15.76, 9.98, all P<0.05). The levels of sICAM-1 and sP-SLT1 in patients with postoperative infective endocarditis((901.46(472.15, 1276.58) μg/L, (30.70±5.31) mg/L) were significantly lower than those before operation((1 057.26±463.06) μg/L, (60.29±6.61) mg/L)and the differences were statistically significant( Z=11.16, t=21.51, P<0.05). Conclusion:Th17 related factors, sICAM-1 and sP-SLT were highly expressed in IE patients, and the concentrations of these factors decreased after operation, suggesting that the above factors may be used as related factors for the diagnosis and prognosis of IE patients.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency in aortic root disease .Methods From April 2017 to April 2018,46 cases of aortic root disease accepted DavidⅠ[20 cases, 15 males and 5 females, aged(39.6 ±15.8)years, aortic root diameter was(58.3 ±4.4)mm] or Bentall[26 cases, 22 males and 4 females, aged(50.8 ±12.6)years,aortic root diam-eter was(59.5 ±5.0)mm], the data in the peri-operation and heart function in recent period after operation.Results No mortality was observed in the study.Morbidity occurred in both group was comparable.Mean cross-clamp time(129.5 ±28.6) min vs.(94.3 ±35.3)min(P<0.05).Blood transfusion(342.0 ±476.4)ml vs.(330.8 ±651.3)ml(P>0.05).ICU sta-ying time(1.0 ±0.2)day vs.(1.1 ±0.3)day(P>0.05).At the latest visit(10.5 ±6.8)months in David Ⅰ, no obviously regurgitation of aortic valve were observed 0.75 ±0.44 vs 1.0 ±1.3(P>0.05).Conclusion Except for the prolonged cross-clamp time, David Ⅰ is safely and effective in aortic root disease compared with Bentall in peri-operative period .The long term results need further follow-up.

Objective:To summarize the clinical outcomes and experience of redo median sternotomy on proximal aortic repair. Investigate the relationship between first operation and reoperation, reoperation indications, cardiopulmonary bypass strategy, intraoperative technical details, early and mid-term postoperative results.Methods:There were 28 patients underwent 29 times of redo median sternotomy on proximal aorta from April 2017 to December 2019. There were 23 males (79.3%) with an average age of (45.1±12.7) years (26-79 years), 15 Marfan syndrome (15/29, 51.7%) and 3 Behcet's disease (3/29, 10.3%). The primary operation included aortic valve or mitral valve replacement, Bentall procedure, ascending aortic replacement, simultaneous abdominal aortic replacement, Sun's procedure and coronary artery bypass grafting. The indications for reoperation were: aortic root aneurysm or coronary artery aneurysm, anastomotic leakage, perivalvular leakage due to inflammatory aortic disease, acute or chronic type A aortic dissection and aortic root abscess, aortic arch aneurysm. The surgical methods were Bentall, Cabrol, wheat, aortic valve sparing root replacement with replantation, anastomotic leakage repair, CABG, total arch replacement + stent elephant trunk implantation (Sun's procedure), ascending aorta to abdominal aorta bypass, abdominal aortic replacement.Results:One patient (3.4%) died in hospital because of severe postoperative pulmonary complications, consolidation of both lungs, ARDS and hypoxia. Postoperative low cardiac output was occurred in 2 cases (6.9%), 1 case was cured by ECMO, and 1 case died half a year after operation during follow up period. Re-exploration for postoperative hemorrhage was occurred in three cases (10.3%). Renal failure requires dialysis was 3 cases (10.3%), and transient paresis was 1 cases (3.4%), respectively. All of them were recovered before discharge. During the follow-up period, one patient died of multiple organ failure due to low cardiac output, and one patient underwent total thoracoabdominal aortic replacement. One patient underwent Cabrol for aneurysm of the coronary artery after Bentall procedure. One year later, type A dissection occurred again and Sun's procedure was performed through a median sternotomy.Conclusion:Reoperation of proximal aorta after cardiac and aortic surgery is safe and effective, with good short-term and medium-term results. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation, successful sternotomy, establishment of cardiopulmonary bypass and effective organ protection are the key to successful operation. Patients with aortic diseases, especially Marfan syndrome, are more likely to undergo reoperation. Close follow-up and timely reoperation are necessary to avoid aortic rupture. Sun's procedure is suitable for redo complex arch operation.

Objective: To summarize experience and result in surgical treatment of Stanford type A intramural hematoma. Methods: 60 patients with Stanford type A intramural hematoma were operated from February 2015 to August 2017. Surgery was indicated in complicated cases with penetrating ulcer or ulcer-like projection in ascending aorta, maximum aorta diameter≥50 mm, progressive maximum aortic wall thickness≥10 mm, pericardial or pleural effusion, persistent or recurrent pain. Aortic valve regurgitation. In our group, 46 patients recieved ascending aorta replacement+ Sun' s procedure. 6 patients recieved Bentall+ Sun' s procedure. 4 patients recieved asceding aorta+ hemiarch replacement. 2 patients recieved Bentall+ hemiarch replacement. 2 patients recieved asceding aorta replacement. Results: In the whole group, there was 1(1.7%)operative death because of multiple organ failure after operation. Hyoxemiaoccured in 5(8.3%) patients, 2(3.3%) patients occurred new renal failure and required CRRT treatment, cerebrovascular complication occurred in 1 (1.7%)patient, re-sternotomy due to bleeeding occured in 1 (1.7%)patient and paraplegia occured in 1(1.7%) patient after operation. but they recoved quickly after proper treatment. During follow up period, there were 4 cases need reintervention, including TEVAR for type B dissection at 3 months and distal stent-graft new entry at 1 year. Two other reinterventions were performed for endoleak by interventional occlusion. During the follow-up, hematoma absorption rates after treatment 1、3 and 6 months were 68.6%, 84.7% and 94.8%. Conclusion Given the dynamic evolution of acute type A IMH pre-operative accurate indications and the proper surgical strategy maybe the keys for success.

The chemical complexity of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) makes the active and functional annotation of natural compounds challenging. Herein, we developed the TCMs-Compounds Functional Annotation platform (TCMs-CFA) for large-scale predicting active compounds with potential mechanisms from TCM complex system, without isolating and activity testing every single compound one by one. The platform was established based on the integration of TCMs knowledge base, chemome profiling, and high-content imaging. It mainly included: (1) selection of herbal drugs of target based on TCMs knowledge base; (2) chemome profiling of TCMs extract library by LC‒MS; (3) cytological profiling of TCMs extract library by high-content cell-based imaging; (4) active compounds discovery by combining each mass signal and multi-parametric cell phenotypes; (5) construction of functional annotation map for predicting the potential mechanisms of lead compounds. In this stud TCMs with myocardial protection were applied as a case study, and validated for the feasibility and utility of the platform. Seven frequently used herbal drugs (Ginseng, etc.) were screened from 100,000 TCMs formulas for myocardial protection and subsequently prepared as a library of 700 extracts. By using TCMs-CFA platform, 81 lead compounds, including 10 novel bioactive ones, were quickly identified by correlating 8089 mass signals with 170,100 cytological parameters from an extract library. The TCMs-CFA platform described a new evidence-led tool for the rapid discovery process by data mining strategies, which is valuable for novel lead compounds from TCMs. All computations are done through Python and are publicly available on GitHub.