Objective To develop a quantitative assessment of the severity of femoral neck fractures with CT scan.Methods The preoperative X-ray and CT data were reviewed of 229 patients with femoral neck fracture who had been treated in our department from December 2008 to April 2012.Posterior fracture fragment,posterior angulation,longitudinal maximum displacement,location of fracture line,and difference in neck-shaft angle were measured in the 3-D reconstruction images of CT scans.The severity of the fracture was categorized as slight,(score ≤5,grade Ⅰ),moderate (score 6 to 8,grade Ⅱ) and severe (score ≥9,grade Ⅲ) according to the measurements of the above 5 indexes.A comminuted fracture was categorized into grade Ⅲ.Results Posterior comminutions were found in 35 cases (15.3％),but not in the other 194 ones (84.7 ％).No posterior angulation was observed in 27 cases (11.8％).Posterior angulation ≤30° was found in 44 cases (19.2％),that from 30° to 60° in 115 cases (50.2％),and that ≥60° in 43 cases (18.8％).Twenty patients(8.7％) had no displacement.Fracture displacement ≤ 10 mm was observed in 96 cases (41.9％),that from 10 to 20 mm in 96 cases (41.9％),and that ≥20mmin 17 cases (7.4％).The facture line was located below the head in 131 cases (57.2％),at the head-neck in 88 cases (38.4％),and across the neck in 9 cases (3.9％).The difference in neck-shaft angle was 0° in 12 cases (5.2％),≤ 10° in 105 cases (43.4％),10° to 20° in 84 cases (35.3％) and ≥20° in 28 cases (17.6％).In the 229 cases,our severity scores were related to Garden classification in the following manners:all Garden Ⅰ cases belonged to grade Ⅰ; Garden Ⅱcases contained grade Ⅰ in 15 cases (45.5％) and grade Ⅱ in 18 cases (54.5％);Garden Ⅲ cases included grade Ⅰ in 6 cases (3.1％),grade Ⅱ in 123 cases (64.7％) and Grade Ⅲ in 61 cases (32.2％); all Garden Ⅳ cases were Grade Ⅲ.Conclusion In assessment of the severity of femoral neck fractures,CT scans can be more accurate,objective and reliable,and can be quantified as well.

Objective:To investigate the differences between emergency surgery and selective surgery treatment of ankle fractures with dislocation .Methods:In the study , 40 patients with ankle fracture and dislocation were treated and followed up from May 2013 to May 2014, and all the data were collected and analyzed .The subjects involved 29 male patients and 11 female patients .The patients were randomly separated into two groups , and the patients in group A were given surgical intervention within 6 hours af-ter injury , while those in group B were initially given close reduction and given selective operation when the soft tissue condition got better .Group A contained 13 male patients and 7 female patients with average age of 37.10;Group B consisted of 15 male and 5 female, with average age of 37.85.Results:The Baird-Jackson score was applied for assessment of the patients ’ outcomes.According to the score , the outcomes were classified into excellent , good, fair, and poor.In group A (emergency group), the outcomes were 13 (65.0%), 4 (20.0%), 3 (15.0%), and 0, respectively.In group B ( selective group), they were 11 (55.0%), 7 (35.0%), 2 (10.0%), and 0, respectively.The numbers of the patients from excellent to poor were 24 (55.0%), 11 (27.5%), 5 (12.5%), and 0, respectively. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in postoperative function between the two groups , however , early surgical intervention can benefit in accomplishing anatomical reduction much easier and shortening the time of hospitalization , which is cost-saving for the patients .

ObjectiveTo investigate the visual condition and causes of blindness and low vision of ov er 60 years old people found by routine physical examination. Methods A total of 892 cases over 60 years old people took a yearly routine examinatio n, such as far and near vision in daily life, anterior segment and fundus of the eye and intraocular pressure. If the vision were under 0 3, the refractive vis ion needs to be corrected. The blindness and low vision patients were selected a nd taken further related examinations to analyse statistically the causes of bli ndness. Results Among 892 cases investigated, blindness together with low vision were 42 cases (4 71%). The morbidity rate of blindness and low vision were 1 01% (9 cases) a nd 3 70% (33 cases) respectively. Diseases caused blindness were macular lesio ns (57 14%), glaucoma(11 91%), cataract (9 52%), retinal diseases, optic nerv e atrophy, keratopathy etc. Refractory eye diseases were obviously more than t he eye diseases which can be treated. The morbidity rate of over 80 years old pe ople were obviously more than that of under 80 years group. Conclusions With ageing, the old people easily suffer from eye diseases and results in bli ndness. For the prevention and treatment of blindness for the elderly, much atte ntion to treatment of eye diseases should not only paid, active training is also important.

Objective To investigate the vision and the eye conditions of the longevous aged 90 years or over Methods The vision was examined by Snellen chart, and the outer eye, anterior segment, fundus and intraocular pressure were examined by slit lamp, funduscope and non contact tonometer in 135 longevous cases Some related examinations were adopted on suspective cases The refractive errors were corrected in 53 cases who were cooperative to examination Results The visions of right eyes were 0 01～1 0 with the average of 0 46?0 50, and the left eyes were 0 03～1 0, with the average of 0 49?0 50. The probabilities of blindness and low vision were 5 93% and 10 27% respectively. In 43 cases (81 13%)the vision increased by 1～5 lines (the average in 3 lines)after optometry compared with pre optometry ( P

Potassium metabolism in young adult men exercising in the heat for six consecutive days and the effect of potassium deficiency in mice and rats induced by low potassium diet during heat exposure were observed. Increased potassium loss in sweat and lower potassium intake resulted in negative potassium balance. Individuals with a negative potassium balance had lower se- rum potassium levels and higher body temperature after exercise. Potassium deficient mice accomplished less work done (2.372 vs 4.253 Kg.M) but exih-ibited a markedly greater rate of heat gain (1.36 vs 0.87℃/Kg.M) as compared to the controls. The survival rate and cellular energy metabolism also decreasedThese observations suggest that prevention from potassium deficiency must be emphasized during prolonged physical activity under hot environments. According to the linear regression equations between potassium intake and balance, it is proposed that the potassium requirements in mild and medium physical activity in the heat are 40 and 60 mEq/day respectively, and the allowance of potassium in the latter may be 70-80 mEq/day.

Objective To investigate the affecting factors on auditory and speech performances in preschool children with unilateral cochlear implantation (CI) .Methods The clinical data of the preschool children (n=165) with unilateral cochlear implantation in the Second Xiangya hospital from January 2006 to April 2013 were collected . These children received rehabilitation according to the method recommended by the China Rehabilitation Research Center for Deaf Children ,and the data were analyzed retrospectively .The categories of auditory performance (CAP) and speech intelligibility rating (SIR) were used to assess their auditory and speech performances .The relationships between the performance and gender ,implanted age ,genotype ,inner ear malformation ,history of hearing aid were evaluated .Results Implanted ages and genotypes were associated with the auditory and speech performance of par‐ticipants (P<0 .05) ,while genders ,hearing aid experience ,and inner ear malformations(enlarged vestibular aque‐duct syndrome ,EVAS)were not significant related (P<0 .05) .Children were found to have achieved better CAP and SIR growths when CI was implanted during 1~3 years old and 2~4 years old ,respectively (P<0 .05) .The outcomes of CI recipients with GJB2 mutation were significantly better than those of the GJB2-nonrelated CI recipi‐ents (P<0 .05) .Conclusion This study provides evidence that CIs during first 1~3 years old having better auditory rehabilitation results than those of during 4~6 years old ,and CIs during 2~4 years old obtaining a better speech development in the first 12 months after operation .Deaf children with GJB2 mutation show better auditory and speech performances after CIs than those of the peers without GJB2 mutation .CIs can be effectively performed in deaf children associated with EVAs as in those without EVAS .

SUMMARY Pregnancy-related pelvic ring disease brings great suffering to pregnant women, including the separation of the pubic symphysis and sacroiliac joint pain.Hormonal changes leading to ligamentous laxity is the main reason for pregnancy-related pelvic ring disease.In normal pregnant cases, and the physiologic widening at the symphysis is about 3-7 mm.When the widening of the symphysis is more than 10 mm, it may lead to symptoms and need active treatment.Currently the diagnosis of the pubic symphysis separation is based on the clinical symptoms and signs.The treatment of acute pubic symphysis separation bases on conservative therapy, includes bed rest and physical therapy.But when the widening of the symphysis is more than 4 cm, the surgery intervention may be a good treatment.If the conservative treatment is not obviously effective, the surgery consists of plate fixation in the pubic symphysis and sac-roiliac screw fixation.Other indications for the surgical intervention include inadequate reduction, recur-rent diastasis, intractable symptoms, and open rupture.

Objective: To discuss the effects of sample storage time and temperature on lymphocyte subsets detected by flow cytometry. Methods: Use flow cytometry to detect lymphocyte subsets of a total of 53 blood samples from hospitalized and out-patient patients in Qinghai Provincial People′s Hospital from October 26, 2018 to March 30, 2019. The test was completed within 4 hours after sample collection, which is the control group. The treatment groups are as follows: pretreatment was completed within 4 hours and detected after saving samples at room temperature (group A) for 24 and 36 hours; the tests were performed after keeping samples at room temperature (group B) for 24, 48, 72 hours; completed detection after preserving samples in 4 ℃ condition (group C) for 24, 48, 72 hours. Results: In treatment group A, there was no significant difference in the results of lymphocyte subsets detected after 24 hours of storage compared with the control group(P>0.05); after 36 h of storage, CD3+and CD3+CD8+T lymphocytes percentages were significantly increased [(74.28±11.31)% vs (73.78±11.33)%, (32.15±14.82)% vs (31.00±14.79)%; all P<0.05], while CD19+cells percentage were markedly decreased [(15.60±12.23)% vs (16.11±12.38)%; P<0.05]. In group B, compared with the control group, there was no obvious change in lymphocyte subsets tested after 24 hours(P>0.05); after 48 hours of storage, CD19+cells percentage were observably reduced [(15.60±12.09)% vs (16.11±12.38)%; P<0.05], while other results showed no obvious change (P>0.05); after 72 hours of storage, CD3+and CD3+CD8+T cells percentages elevated significantly [(75.78±11.18)% vs (73.78±11.33)%, (32.57±14.90)% vs (31.00±14.79)%; all P<0.05], and CD19+cells percentage decreased markedly [(14.89±11.92)% vs (16.11±12.38)%; P<0.05]. In group C, there also was no significant change in the results between detecting after 24 hours and the control group(P>0.05); after 48 hours of storage, CD3+CD8+T cells percentage elevated obviously [(32.03±14.95)% vs (31.00±14.79)%; P<0.05] and CD19+cells percentage decreased markedly [(15.32±11.97)% vs (16.11±12.38)%; P<0.05]; after 72 hours of storage, CD3+and CD3+CD8+T cells percentages were significantly increased [(75.63±11.08)% vs (73.78±11.33)%, (32.62±14.98)% vs (31.00±14.79)%; all P<0.05], while CD56+and CD19+cells percentages were reduced observably [(8.21±6.52)% vs (9.02±6.80)%, (14.83±11.79)% vs (16.11±12.38)%; all P<0.05]. Conclusions The blood samples can be kept at room temperature and the testshould be completed within 48 h if the detection of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry cannot be performed in time; for the samples that have been pretreated, detection can be completed after saving at room temperature for 24 h, and the above treatments had no significant effect on the inspection results.

Objective To establish a method of identification of DKO mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystro-phy, and to assess the dystrophin regeneration after stem cell transplantation.Methods Heterozygous mice were mated and the resulting offspring were used to identify their genotype by SSP-PCR.The plasma creatine kinase level was measured by biochemical analyzer and histological changes in the DKO mice were analyzed using HE staining.Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells were prepared and injected into the DKO mice hindlimb muscle, and dystrophin expression was de-tected by immunofluorescence staining at 2 months after injection.Results Mating of heterozygous mice generated three kinds of genotype offsprings, and 21.2%of the offsprings were identified as DKO genotype (285 bp) .DKO mice showed dystrophic symptoms, their plasma creatine kinase level was as high as 16988.52 ±617.48 IU/L, and significant histologi-cal changes including diverse myocyte sizes, numerous centrally nucleated cells and connective tissue proliferation or in-flammatory cells infiltration.Human dystrophin expression was detected in the DKO mouse hindlimb muscle at two months after injection of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.Conclusion DKO mouse genotype can be identified by SSP-PCR, and DKO mouse is an ideal animal model for studies of stem cell therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Objective:To investigate the influence of joint line alteration on the mid-term clinical effects of primary medial pivot total knee arthroplasty (MP-TKA).Methods:Data of a total 189 patients (233 knees) with 30 males (30 knees) and 159 females (203 knees) with age 66.42±6.12, diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis and underwent primary MP-TKA from January to December 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were followed up for at least 4 years. The patients were divided into four groups according to the extent of alteration, namely <-4 mm, -4- mm, 0- mm and >4 mm. Range of motion (ROM), Knee Society's Knee Scoring System (KSS), the Western Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) osteoarthritis index score were compared preoperatively and at 4 years postoperatively.Results:The postoperative follow-up duration was 52.20± 2.94 months (48-59 months). A total of 133 knee (57%) had joint line raised and 100 cases (43%) joint line distal shifted. The overall height of joint line before surgery was 16.56±3.54 mm (7.33-25.32 mm) and 17.34±2.92 mm (7.25-25.43 mm) postoperatively. The average alteration was 0.78±3.17 mm (-6.00-9.91 mm) with statistically significant difference ( t=-2.596, P=0.010). There was no statistical difference among the four groups in terms of gender, body mass index, pre-operative tibia slope and post condylar offset. The overall preoperative ROM of the all groups was 90.45°±20.44°, which increased from baseline to 108.95°±12.55° at 4 years postoperatively ( t=-22.381, P<0.001). There was statistical difference in term of ROM among each group ( F=7.101, P<0.001). The ROM in group 0- mm and >4 mm was significantly higher than that in group <-4 mm and -4- mm ( P<0.05). The KSS function score and clinic score at 4 years postoperatively were significantly higher that those before surgery, the WOMAC score was statistically lower at 4 years postoperatively ( F=0.723, P<0.001; F=1.138, P<0.001; F=2.502, P<0.001). There was no significant difference among the four groups in terms of KSS score and WOMAC ( P>0.05). One case in >4 mm group had gasket prolapse at 6 month after surgery and 3 cases with immediate anterior knee pain occurred in <-4 mm group. Conclusion:MP-TKA can lead to significant joint line alteration. The overall ROM after surgery is positively correlated with the quantity of joint line alteration. However, there was no correlation between quantity of joint line alteration and the joint function scores. Thus, MP-TKA can achieve good mid-term clinical effects.