To evaluate the visual performance of the patients with traumatic corneal astigmatism, after the treatment of topography guided off-flap epipolis laser in situ keratomileusi (off-flap Epi-LASlK).
●METHODS: This prospective clinical study was comprised of 21 eyes of 21 patients with irregular corneal astigmatism caused by trauma, they were treated by off-flap Epi - LASlK from July 2012 to December 2013. The data included uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA), best spectacle - corrected visual acuity ( BSCVA ), contrast sensitivity 1, 6mo before and after surgery; the healing area percentage of corneal epithelia, the healing time of corneal epithelia and pain score at 3d after surgery.
●RESULTS: Postoperative 1mo both UCVA and BSCVA were improved significantly than that before surgery (t =15. 703, 4. 351, P< 0. 05); Compared with the 1mo after surgery, UCVA at 6mo after surgery raised significantly (t= 6. 867, P <0. 05). There was no statistical significance between 6 and 1mo after surgery about BSCVA (t= 1. 497, P = 0. 140 ). After surgery, mean spherical equivalent (SE) was reduced from -2. 43±3. 02D to -0. 23±0. 49D (P<0. 05), and the mean cylinder was reduced from -1. 86± 2. 23D to - 0. 46 ± 1. 03D (P< 0. 05). Postoperative 1mo,4 kinds of spatial frequency and contrast sensitivity had no significant difference compared with the preoperative (P>0. 05 ). Postoperative 6mo except the 3c/ d spatial frequency, the remaining 3 spatial frequency contrast sensitivity compared with those before operation were significantly improved ( P < 0. 05 ). The healing area percentage of corneal epithelia was 92. 46% ±8. 24% (80% -100%) at 3d after surgery; The healing time of corneal epithelia was 3. 50 ± 1. 56d; Pain scores at 3 and 7d after surgery was 1. 54±1. 32 and 0. 04±0. 64, respectively.
●CONCLUSlON: Topography-guided off-flap Epi-LASlK is safe and effective in treating the patients with traumatic corneal irregular astigmatism. The operation can improve both the contrast sensitivity and the visual performance.

Objective To observe effects of Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin in insulin resistance (IR); To discuss its mechanism of action. Methods 6–7 week old male ZDF (fa/fa) rats were randomly divided into model group,metformin group,Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group(Jiangtang Tablets group),and metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group.ZDF(fa/+)rats were chosen as normal group.Each medication group was given relevant medicine for gavage for 6 weeks. Body weight, FBG, TG, TC, FFA, FINS, HOMA-IR, OGTT and HE staining were tested. HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of skeletal muscle. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect skeletal muscle corresponding gene and protein expression. Results Compared with Jiangtang Tablets group and metformin group, TC, FFA, FBG, and HOMA-IR in metformin combined with Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets group decreased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.01). Blood glucose level and AUC significantly decreased at each time point in OGTT. HE staining of skeletal muscle fibers arranged in order; nucleus increased and internal movement was not significant, without obvious infiltration of inflammatory cells. Expressions of skeletal muscle InsR, Akt, and Glut4 mRNA expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Expressions of skeletal muscle p-InsR, p-Akt, and Glut4 protein expression increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Heyutai Fuzhu Jiangtang Tablets combined with metformin can improve IR in type 2 diabetic rats, and the effect is better than single-application.

Objective To investigate the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine-2C subunit receptor (5-HT 2C R)on long-term potentiation (LTP)of V1M region visual cortex of form deprivation adult amblyopia rats. Methods Sixteen two weeks old Sp-argue Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal control group and monocular form deprivation group,with 8 rats in each group. The rats in the normal control group were not given any intervention;the rats in the monocular form deprivation group were sutured the right eye lid to establish the monocular form deprivation amblyopia model. All rats were fed for 6 weeks after establishing the model successfully,then the rats in the two groups were sacrificed and the coronal examination of 400 μm thick cortical brain slices were incubated in artificial cerebrospinal fluid artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF). According to the difference of drugs in ACSF,the visual cortex slices of rats in normal control group were selected as group A;the contralateral visual cortex slices of the deprivation eye were divided into group B,group C,group D and group E;the ipsilateral visual cortex slices of the deprivation eye were divided into group F,group G,group H and group I. The ACSF of group A,B and F did not added any drugs;the ACSF of group C and group G were added with physiological saline;the ACSF of group D and group H were added with 10 μmol · L - 15-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride;the ACSF of group E and group I were added with 10 μmol·L - 1 SB 242084 and 10 μmol·L - 15-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride. The electrophysiology experiment was per-formed in all of the visual cortex slices by extracellular microelectrode recording and the visual cortex fidd postsynaptic poten-tial(fPSP)slope of V1M region of the visual cortex was recorded. Results The fPSP in group A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I was (198. 1 ± 13. 5)％,(106. 3 ± 8. 3)％,(106. 3 ± 8. 3)％,(157. 1 ± 9. 7)％,(102. 6 ± 4. 7)％,(144. 5 ± 2. 9)％,(144. 5 ± 2. 9)％,(192. 2 ± 8. 6)％ and (129. 7 ± 13. 5)％,respectively. There was statistic difference in fPSP slope of visual cortex a-mong the group A,B,F(P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex of rats in group A was significantly higher than that in the group B and group F(P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex of rats in group B was significantly lower than that in the group F(P < 0. 001). The fPSP slope of visual cortex in group D was significantly higher than that in the group C (t = - 10. 833,P < 0. 001);the fPSP slope of visual cortex in group H was significantly higher than that in the group D and group G(t = - 6. 841,- 10. 616;P < 0. 001). The fPSP slope of visual cortex in group E was significantly lower than that in the group D and group I(t = 11. 872,- 3. 910;P < 0. 001,P < 0. 05);the fPSP slope of visual cortex in group I was signifi-cantly lower than that in the group H(t = 9. 911,P < 0. 001). Conclusion Monocular deprivation can lead to the dysfunction of bilateral visual cortex neurons and 5-hydroxytryptamine hydrochloride can reverse this phenomenon through 5-HT2C R.

Objective To explore the effect of melatonin ( MLT) on the initiation of puberty in female mice and on the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases ( PI3K)/protein kinase B ( Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in the frypothalamus. Methods Seventy-eight 20-day-old female KM mice were randomly divided into melatonin (MLT) group and normal saline (NS) group, with 39 mice in each group. Starting at 22 days of age, the MLT group was given a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg melatonin and the NS group was given an equal volume of saline. Thirty-two days of age were selected as the sampling point before puberty initiation and 13 mice were executed in each of the two groups, while 37 and 42 days of age were selected as the sampling point after puberty initiation and 13 mice were executed in each of the two groups. Observation of vaginal opening time in mice, weighing of ovaries and uterus to calculate organ indices. HE staining to observe the number of ovarian corpora lutea. The levels of serum luteinizing hormone (LH)were determined by ELISA. The mRNA and protein expression levels of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in frypothalamus were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blotting. Results Compared with the normal saline group, mice in the melatonin group had significantly delayed vaginal opening time ( P < 0. 05 ) , decreased significantly ovarian and uterine volume and index (P<0. 05) , decreased significantly serum LH levels (P<0. 05) , and decreased significantly mRNA and protein expression levels of the frypothalamic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway (P<0. 05). Conclusion Melatonin delays puberty initiation in mice by a mechanism that ma)' be related to inhibition of the hypothalamic PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway.

This study was aimed at understanding the genomic characteristics of the Vibrio cholerae O1 group isolated from humans in Fujian Province,to provide essential data for the molecular epidemiological study of cholera.From 2008 to 2022,16 strains of the V.cholerae O1 group from patients and carriers were collected,and antibiotic sensitivity was determined accord-ing to the minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC).The whole genome sequences obtained through second generation sequen-cing were analyzed in open source software,including snippy,Roary,and Prokka,as well as online analysis websites,inclu-ding NCBI and BacWGSTdb,for core-genome multilocus sequence typing(cgMLST),core-genome single nucleotide polymor-phism analysis(cgSNP),virulence gene analysis,drug resistance gene prediction,and pan-genomic diversity analysis.The whole genome sequences of V.cholerae were divided into five sequence types(STs),among which the newly discovered ST182 and ST1480 were the evolutionary branches of the current dominant clonal group ST75 in China,and were highly related to two strains isolated from Taiwan in 2010 and 2013,respectively.Both toxigenic strains and non-toxigenic strains carried a variety of virulence factors and showed gene variation to varying degrees.Thirteen drug resistance genes in seven categories were predicted,among which the distribution of colistin and tetracycline resistance genes was consistent with the drug resistance phenotype.Pan-ge-nomic analysis indicated that V.cholerae had an open pan-genome,and Roary cluster analysis showed higher resolution than cgMLST.In summary,V.cholerae O1 group isolates from humans in Fujian Province have polymorphisms in genome structure and function,and the newly discovered ST1480 clone group has epidemic potential.Therefore,the monitoring of such strains must be strengthened.

Objective:To study the effect of Fuzheng Qufeng prescription （FZQP） on transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）/Smad signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of podocyte in membranous nephropathy （MN） rats and to explore its molecular mechanism for podocyte protection. Method:The rats were randomly divided into normal control group （NC） and modeling group. Rats in modeling group induced by bovine serum albumin （C-BSA） were randomly divided into model group （MN）， losartan potassium group （LP， 0.05g·kg^-1）， and FZQP high dose （FZQPH， 41 g·kg^-1）， medium dose （FZQPM， 20.5 g·kg^-1）， and low dose （FZQPL， 10.25 g·kg^-1） groups. The administration lasted for 4 weeks. In week 0， 2， and 4 of administration， the levels of 24 hours urine protein （24 h-Upro） were tested. At the end of 4th week， the levels of blood urea nitrogen （BUN） and serum creatinine （SCr） were detected， and the rats in each group were sacrificed and the renal pathological morphology changes were observed by light microscope with hematoxylin-eosin （HE）， Masson and periodic acid-silver metheramine （PASM） staining. The deposition of immune complex， the thickening of glomerular basement membrane （GBM） and podocyte foot process were observed by transmission electron microscope （TEM）. The distribution and expression intensity of Desmin in renal tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry （IHC）. The mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β₁， Smad2/3， phospho（p）-Smad2/3， Smad7 and Desmin in renal tissues were respectively detected by Western blot （WB） and Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. Result:Compared with NC group， the levels of 24 h-Upro， BUN and SCr significantly increased in model group （P<0.01）， with increased deposition of immune complex， significantly thickened GBM and fusion of foot processes， significantly increased Desmin mRNA and protein expression （P<0.01） and increased TGF-β₁， Smad2， and Smad3 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05）， and decreased Smad7 mRNA and protein expression （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with model group， 24 h-Upro and BUN decreased in FZQP groups and LP group （P<0.05）， levels of serum SCr in FZQPM group decreased （P<0.05）， deposition of immune complex， thickening of GBM and fusion of foot process were all alleviated in FZQP groups and LP group. Distribution of Desmin along GBM decreased in FZQPH group， FZQPM group and LP group （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of TGF-β₁ and p-Smad2/Smad2 in FZQPM group decreased， while mRNA and protein expression levels of Smad7 increased （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of p-Smad3/Smad3 in FZQPH group decreased （P<0.05）. Both mRNA and protein expression levels of Desmin in podocyte in FZQPH group， FZQPM group and LP group decreased （P<0.05）. Conclusion:FZQP might realize podocyte protection effect in MN via suppressing EMT mediated by overactivated TGF-β₁/Smad signaling pathway.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with infantile tuina on intestinal flora and its efficacy in children with tic disorders (TD), and to explore its mechanism. METHODS: A total of 15 children with TD were recruited as an observation group and 10 healthy children as a healthy control group. Regulating spleen and stomach acupuncture combined with infantile tuina were received in the observation group. First, acupuncture was applied to Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., and then abdominal massage and other tuina techniques were applied, once a day, 6 times a week, 2 weeks as a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses of treatment were required. No intervention was given in the healthy control group. In the observation group, Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) score and TCM syndrome score were compared before treatment and after 1 and 2 courses of treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to detect the intestinal flora in the healthy control group and before and after treatment in the observation group. RESULTS: After 1 and 2 courses of treatment, the scores of YGTSS and TCM syndrome in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and indexes of Chao1, Sobs, Ace and Shannon were decreased in the observation group before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with before treatment, the number of OTU and indexes of Chao1, Sobs, Ace and Shannon were increased in the observation group after treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the observation group before treatment was decreased (P<0.001), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Erysipelatoclostridium was increased (P<0.001, P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the observation group was decreased (P<0.001) after treatment, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium and Atopobium was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION Acupuncture combined with infantile tuina based on the principle of regulating spleen and stomach could effectively improve TD symptoms in children, which may be related to regulating the diversity of intestinal flora, increasing beneficial bacteria, maintaining intestinal microecological balance, and playing a role in improving neurological disorders.
Child ; Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Spleen ; Tic Disorders

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, serogroups and antimicrobial resistance of invasive non-typhoid Salmonella infection in children at Xiamen. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. The clinical manifestations, treatment, prognosis, serogroups and antimicrobial resistance of 29 hospitalized children with invasive non-typhoid Salmonella infection confirmed by blood, cerebrospinal fluid, bone marrow and other sterile body fluids or deep pus culture at the Department of Infectious Diseases, the Department of Orthopedics and the Department of General Surgery in Xiamen Children's Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021 were analyzed. According to the clinical diagnosis criteria, the patients were divided into sepsis group and non-sepsis group (bacteremia and local suppurative infection). The inflammatory markers, serogroups distribution and drug resistance were compared between the two groups. Comparison between groups using Mann-Whitney U test and χ² test. Results: Among the 29 cases, there were 17 males and 12 females, with an onset age of 14 (9, 25) months, and 10 cases (34%) of patients were younger than 1 year old, 15 cases (52%) under 1 to 3 years old, and 4 cases (14%) greater than or equal 3 years old. The onset time of 25 cases (86%) was from April to September. The diseases included 19 cases (66%) septicemia (2 of which were combined with suppurative meningitis), 10 cases (34%) non-sepsis group, including 7 cases bacteremia and 3 cases local suppurative infection (2 cases of osteomyelitis, 1 case of appendicitis with peritonitis). The clinical manifestations were fever in 29 cases (100%), diarrhea and abdominal pain in 18 cases (62%), cough and runny nose in 10 cases (34%). Eighteen cases (62%) were cured and 11 cases (38%) were improved by effective antibiotics treatment. C-reactive protein in sepsis group was significantly higher than that in non-sepsis group (25.2 (16.1, 56.4) vs. 3.4 (0.5, 7.5) mg/L, Z=-3.81, P<0.001).The serogroups of C, B and E were the most prevalent among non-typhoid Salmonella isolates, accounting for 10 cases (34%), 9 cases (31%) and 7 cases (24%) respectively. Antibacterial drug sensitivity test showed that the sensitivity rates of imipenem, ertapenem and piperaciratazobactam were all 100% (31/31), those of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefepime were 94% (29/31), 94% (29/31) and 97% (30/31) respectively. The drug resistance rates of ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were 51% (16/31), 48% (15/31) and 48% (15/31) respectively, those of cefazolin, cefotetan, tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacinwere all 100% (31/31). There were no significant differences in the drug resistance rates of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, ampicillin-sulbactam, ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ciprofloxacin between the sepsis group and the non-sepsis group (χ²=0.31,0.31,0.00,0.02,0.02,0.02,0.26, all P>0.05). Conclusions: Invasive non-typhoid Salmonella infection in children at Xiamen mainly occurred in infants younger than 3 years old.The main clinical manifestations are fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea. C-reactive protein can be served as the laboratory indicators for indicating sepsis. The third generation of cephalosporins is recommended as the first choice for treatment.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Child ; Humans ; Child, Preschool ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Ceftriaxone/therapeutic use* ; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination/therapeutic use* ; Ceftazidime/therapeutic use* ; Retrospective Studies ; C-Reactive Protein ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Salmonella Infections/microbiology* ; Ampicillin/therapeutic use* ; Salmonella ; Diarrhea/drug therapy* ; Bacteremia ; Abdominal Pain ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests

OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences and indications of three evaluation methods for fitness evaluation of removable partial denture (RPD). METHODS: A RPD was fabricated and seated on the stone cast of a partially edentulous mandible, and the spaces between RPD and stone cast were recorded with polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) impression material forming PVS replicas. Using cross sectional measurement, the average thicknesses of PVS replicas were measured under stereomicroscope with different numbers of selected measuring points in the denture base, major connector, occlusal rest of the RPD, and the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured with different numbers of measuring points were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and independent sample t test. Three kinds of method, including cross sectional measurement, three-dimensional analysis on the stone cast, and three-dimensional analysis on the polyether cast, were applied to measure the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas, and the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured by these three evaluation methods were compared with ANOVA. RESULTS: For cross sectional measurement, statistically significant differences were found in the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas in the denture base and the major connector among the different numbers of measuring points (P < 0.05), but no differences were found in the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas in the occlusal rest (P>0.05). There were significant differences among the average thicknesses of the PVS replicas measured by these three evaluation methods in each component of the RPD (P < 0.01). The average thickness measured by three-dimensional analysis on the stone cast and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast were smaller than that measured by cross sectional measurement (P < 0.05). And there were no differences between the average thicknesses of PVS replicas measured by three-dimensional analysis on stone cast and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast (P>0.05). CONCLUSION For cross sectional measurement, the average thickness of the PVS replicas was influenced by the number of measuring points, and the measurement accuracy of cross sectional measurement was not reliable enough. Three-dimensional analysis on stone cast which is suitable for evaluation in vitro and three-dimensional analysis on polyether cast which is suitable for evaluation in vivo can evaluate the fitness of RPD more comprehensively and effectively than that of cross sectional measurement.
Computer-Aided Design ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Denture, Partial, Removable ; Exercise ; Research Design