This paper reports the flocculated fermentation as a new method of propionic acid production.Propionibacterium shermanii W125 were used,29.0g/L propionic acid was accumulated in batch fermentation.In the subsequently established fed batch semicontinous fermentation,35.4g/L propionic acid was accumulated,raised to 122% and the conversion rate of glucose to propionic acid reached 51.56%,the volumetric productivity reached 0.37g/(L/h)during the 250 hours running cycle.

For the establishment of chemical library of protoberberines provided for the bio-activity screening, the target compounds were synthesized by thermal degradation and nucleophilic substitution reactions with the bio-active alkaloid, palmatine (1), as the raw material, and their structures were identified and conformed by 1H-NMR and MS spectra. Among them, 13 compounds were new.
Berberine Alkaloids ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure

OBJECTIVETo analyse the effect of the reduction of multiple pregnancy through transvaginal ultrasonic monitoring on the pregnancy outcome.

METHODSEighty-four cases were divided into two groups according to whether they had vaginal hemorrhage before operation. And the pregnancy outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTSThe abortion rate and preterm birth rate of the vaginal hemorrhage group were higher, and the difference was statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONSThe reduction of multiple pregnancy through transvaginal ultrasonic monitoring is a safe operative method. But it is only a remedial treatment for multiple pregnancy, and how to prevent multiple pregnancy is of more practical value.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal ; statistics & numerical data ; Pregnancy, Multiple ; statistics & numerical data ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal

OBJECTIVETo construct an expression vector of siRNA targeting human MTA1 gene and observe its gene-silencing effect in esophageal carcinoma cells.

METHODSThe siRNA sequences targeting MTA1 gene were designed and synthesized with two complementary oligonucleotide strands. The oligonucleotide strands were annealed and recombined into pRNAT-U6.2 vector, which was identified by sequencing following transformation and amplification. The siRNA expression vector pRNAT-U6.2-MTA1 was transfected into human esophageal carcinoma EC9706 cells via liposome. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to detect expression levels of MTA1 mRNA and protein in the transfected EC9706 cells, respectively.

RESULTSThe double-stranded oligonucleotide fragments of the siRNA targeting MTA1 gene were cloned into pRNAT-U6.2 vector, which was validated by sequence analysis. RT-PCR and Western blotting indicated that MTA1 mRNA and protein expressions were significantly decreased in the transfected cells, especially in those transfected with the siRNA targeting the sequence of GACCCTGCTGGCAGATAAA (481-499), which induced almost complete silencing of MTA1 protein expression.

CONCLUSIONThe siRNA expression vector pRNAT-U6.2-MTA1 for silencing MTA1 gene expression in the esophageal carcinoma cells has been successfully constructed, which may facilitate further study for decreasing the invasive and metastatic potentials of malignant tumors by MTA1 gene silencing.

Base Sequence ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cloning, Molecular ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Histone Deacetylases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Repressor Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection

Female ; Hepatitis C ; complications ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Recombinant Proteins ; therapeutic use ; Vitiligo ; complications ; drug therapy

In this study, a novel resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM)-based multi-pathogen detection assay was developed to simultaneously detect 14 rotaviruses, 7 caliciviruses, 8 astroviruses, 28 enteroviruses, and 16 rare diarrhea viruses in patients with diarrhea syndrome. The specificity of the assay was examined using confirmed virus-positive specimens, and the sensitivity was evaluated by serial ten-fold dilutions of in vitro transcribed RNA. RPM assay could detect and differentiate virus types/subtypes at 20-2000 copies/microL. The detection threshold of RPM was determined by adjusting the reference concentration, and the detection steps were optimized to type Enterovirus. The nucleic acids of 10 stool samples from patients with unexplained diarrhea were screened, and 6 of them showed positive results. The RPM results were further verified by singleplex PCR followed by sequencing, and no difference was found between the two assays. In conclusion, we have established a high-throughput RPM assay with high specificity and sensitivity, which demonstrates a great potential for the identification of pathogens in patients with unexplained diarrhea and the management of emerging epidemic.
DNA Primers ; genetics ; Diarrhea ; virology ; Feces ; virology ; High-Throughput Screening Assays ; methods ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Viruses ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification

Objective To determine a suitable standard of hirsutism for Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)patients living in Shandong region.Methods A total of 623 unbiased women from the general population in Jinan city,131 PCOS patients and 84 controls from outpatients in Shandong region were studied with questionnaires,physical and pelvic ultrasound examination,body hair on 11 sites were evaluated,and 9(lip,chin,arm,thigh,chest,upperbelly,lowerbelly,upperback,lowback)of them which were called hormone Ferriman-Gallwey(F-G)score and 2(forearm,leg)sites of indifferent hormone score were calculated according to the score system described by Ferriman and Gallwey.Results(1)Both body hair F-G score and indifferent hormone score distribution mode in the≤40 years old population were un-normal and both the 95th percentages of score were 2.(2)The hirsutism was significantly higher in PCOS patients[48.1%(63/131)]than in controls[4.8%(4/84)]by F-G score≥2(X~2=47.68,P

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of mesenteric lymph duct (MLD) ligation on erythrocyte rheology in acute hemorrhagic rats.

METHODSTwenty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into hemorrhage group and ligation group (n = 10). Blood (one fourth of body whole blood volume) was withdrawn through right common carotid arteries after rats were anesthetized. In ligation group, the MLD was ligated after hemorrhage, and only threading under the MLD in hemorrhage group. The survival situation at 24 h was recorded. After 24 h, survival rats were anesthetized again, blood sample was withdrawn through left common carotid artery rapidly. And the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), electrophoresis of erythrocytes, hematocrit (Hct) were determined in blood samples of before and after hemorrhage, the erythrocytes aggregation and deformability indices were calculated.

RESULTSIt showed that the ligation group survival (9 rats alive) was slightly better than that in hemorrhage group (6 rats alive). The results of erythrocyte rheology indices showed that the ESR, K value of equation, K value of emendation and electrophoresis time in hemorrhage group and ligation group were higher or longer than those before hemorrhage, the erythrocyte deformability was reduced significantly, respectively. And the erythrocytes aggregation index in hemorrhage group was increased, the electrophoresis length and migration of erythrocyte in hemorrhage group were lower than those before hemorrhage, respectively. But compared with hemorrhage group, the ESR, K value of equation, K value of emendation, erythrocytes aggregation index and electrophoresis time in ligation group were lower, the electrophoresis lenght, migration and deformability of erythrocyte were increased significantly.

CONCLUSIONThe results indicate that the higher erythrocyte aggregation ability, lower electrophoresis function and deformability are caused by acute hemorrhage in rats, and the MLD ligation can improve the abnormal erythrocyte rheology.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Erythrocytes ; pathology ; Hemorrhage ; surgery ; Ligation ; Lymphatic Vessels ; surgery ; Male ; Mesentery ; surgery ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rheology ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) in normal human skin and squamous cell carcinoma and analyze its relation with the tumorigenesis and development of squamous cell carcinoma.

METHODSThe expression of CB2 protein and mRNA levels were detected in normal human skin and squamous cell carcinoma using immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.

RESULTSBoth the normal skin and squamous cell carcinoma expressed CB2, which was localized mainly in the basal cell layer and prickle cell layer in human skin with low expressions in the subcutaneous tissue. The expression intensity of CB2 differed significantly between squamous cell carcinoma and normal human skin (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSquamous cell carcinoma over-expresses CB2 at both the protein and mRNA levels. High expression of CB2 in squamous cell carcinoma suggests an important role of CB2 in the tumorigenesis and development of squamous cell carcinoma.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Skin ; metabolism ; Skin Neoplasms ; metabolism

AIM To investigate the ameliorative effects of Schisandrol A(Sol A)in Suhuang antitussive capsule on post-infectious cough(PIC).METHODS The in vivo mouse PIC model was established by intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)combined with cigarette smoke exposure.The mice were randomly divided into the control group,the model group,the Suhuang antitussive capsule group(14 g/kg),the montelukast sodium positive control group(3 mg/kg),and low and high dose Sol A groups(10,30 mg/kg).The in vitro PIC model was established by stimulating human bronchial epithelial cells(BEAS-2B)with LPS.The cells were divided into the control group,the model group,the Suhuang antitussive capsule group(10 μg/mL)and low and high dose Sol A groups(3,10 μmol/L).HE and Masson staining were used to detect the pathological changes of the lung and bronchial tissues.ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS,MDA,SOD and GSH in the lung tissues.RT-qPCR was used to detect the IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expressions in BEAS-2B cells.And Western blot was applied to detect the protein expressions of p-PI3K,p-Akt,NOX4,SIRT1,p-ERK,Fibronectin,E-cadherin,Vimentin and α-SMA in mouse lung tissue and BEAS-2B cells.RESULTS Compared with the model group,the groups intervened with Sol A or Suhuang antitussive capsule displayed prolonged cough latency(P＜0.01);reduced cough frequency(P＜0.01);relieved pulmonary inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition in PIC mice;decreased pulmonary levels of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,ROS,MDA and protein expressions of Fibronectin,Vimentin,α-SMA,p-ERK,p-PI3K,p-Akt,and NOX4(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);increased pulmonary levels of SOD and GSH and protein expressions of E-cadherin and SIRT1(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);decreased ROS level,IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA expressions and p-ERK,p-PI3K,p-Akt,NOX4 protein expressions in vitro(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);and increased SIRT1 protein expression in vitro as well(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION Being the main antitussive component of Suhuang antitussive capsule upon the PIC model,Sol A inhibits the inflammation via SIRT1/ERK signaling pathway and relieve the oxidative stress via PI3K/Akt/NOX4 signaling pathway.