Dendritic cells are the most powerful cells to induce T cell immune reaction. DC derived from leukemia also possess the ability of the antigen processing and presentation. DC pulsed with tumor antigen can effectively initiate T cell immune reaction and induce T cell to cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. In this text, we introduce the advanced development of the biological character of DC, tumor immunology, the mechanism of tumor cell escaping immune surveillance and DC in leukemia immunotherapy.

To establish the evaluation system for Guinea pig skin infection model of Trichophyton rubrum, and to evaluate different modeling methods and select the best skin infection animal model of Trichophyton rubrum. Methods The evaluation index was determined by literature research and expert consultation , weight of each index was calculated by Delphi Method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for Guinea pig skin infection model of Trichophyton rubrum. Furthermore, various skin infection animal models of Trichophyton rubrum were evaluated by this system and the ideal animal model was selected. Results The evaluation system proved to be available. The animal model with immunosuppressive treatment and repeated inoculation with Trichophyton rubrum had better quality and higher success rate. Conclusions The evaluation system established by AHP is clear, simple and convenient; the optimized skin infection animal model of Trichophyton rubrum is suitable for the efficacy evaluation of antifungal infection drugs.

Humans ; Meniere Disease ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Vascular Diseases ; complications ; Vertigo ; diagnosis ; etiology

Objective To study the clinical pathological features of mesenteric and omental inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in children.Method Clinical features,laboratory result,pathological evidence for diagnosis and treatment of 5 cases with mesenteric and omental IMT were analyzed and evaluated.Results Intra-abdominal mass was most frequently found in childhood mesenteric and omental IMT.Gastrointestinal obstruction was showed in 2 cases.Anemia,leucocytosis,thrombocytosis,polyclonal-hyperglobulinemia appeared in 5 cases.The histological pattern showed:4 cases were myxoid pattern IMT,1 case was compact spindle cells pattern IMT.Immunohistochemistry showed:the spindle cells were expressed vimentin,smooth muscle action(SMA) and desmin.Partial spindle cells were anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK) and cytokeratin(CK) positive,while S-100 protein,CD34 were negative.Complete surgical excision was performed on 5 cases.Follow-up studies ranged from 5 months to 3 years,and no patient developed recurrence.Conclusions Childhood mesenteric and omental IMT is a rare interstitial tumor.The diagnosis should be based on pathological and immunohistochemistry examinations.Most cases are benign,and complete surgical excision can avoid local recurrence.

Objective To explore the protective effect of selenium, an antioxidant, on fluoride-induced renal injury in rats and find out the optimal level of selenium against fluoride toxicity and its valid molecular target.Methods All 80 male weanling SD rats were randomly divided into 8 groups by body weight as follows: normal control group(drinking tap water), fluoride exposed group (drinking water containing 50 mg/L of NaF), low, middle,high selenium exposed groups(drinking water containing 0.375, 0.750, 1.500 mg/L of Na2SeO3) and low, middle,high Se-fluoride groups (drinking water containing both 50 mg/L NaF and three doses of Na2SeO3 as abovementioned, respectively). After 6 months, the rats were killed then the oxidation level and nuclear factor κB(NF-κB)expression level in kidney were measured. Results The weight of the fluoride exposed group[(695.95 ± 55.89 )g]was significantly deceased than the controls[(782.69 ± 56.12)g, P ＜ 0.01]. Glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity of fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot] was not significantly different but decreased. Tatal antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activity in fluoride exposed group [(7.54 ± 1.35)U/mgprot] significantly decreased than the controls[(9.03 ± 0.37 )U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. In addition, a significant increase of malondialdehyde ( MDA )in fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 )mnol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] was observed than the controls[(3.14 ± 0.32)nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. GSH-Px activity of high Se-fluoride group[(74.99 ± 8.41 )U/mgprot] was significantly higher than the fluoride exposed group[(55.86 ± 5.09)U/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05] and its MDA level[(3.17 ± 0.20)nmol/mgprot] was lower than the fluoride exposed group[(3.86 ± 0.31 ) nmol/mgprot, P ＜ 0.05]. NF-κB expression levels of fluoride group, high selenium group and low Se-fluoride group(0.360 ± 0.015,0.367 ± 0.007,0.376 ± 0.006,respecyively) were obviously increased compared with the controls(0.312 ± 0.022, P ＜ 0.05); it was significantly lower in high Se-fluoride group(0.312 ± 0.005) than in fluoride exposed group(0.360 ± 0.015, P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Na2SeO3 of 1.5 mg/L is the optimal dose against chronic fluorosis on kidney injury under this experimental condition.NF-κB is likely to be a target molecule of the selenium as an antagonist on fluorosis.

The anti-cancer effects of betulinic acid (BA) on Jurkat cells and its in vitro mechanism were examined by using MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by using Hoechst33258 staining and annexin-V/PI double-labeled cytometry. The effects of betulinic acid on the cell cycle of Jurkat cells were studied by propidium iodide method. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the changes of cyclin D3, bcl-xl mRNA and protein levels in Jurkat cells after treatment with betulinic acid. Our results showed the proliferation of Jurkat cells was decreased in betulinic acid-treated group with a 24-h IC50 value being 70.00 mumol/L. Betulinic acid induced apoptosis of Jurkat cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The number of Jurkat cells treated with betulinic acid showed an increase in G(0)/G(1) phase and decrease in S phase. After treatment with 0, 20, 60, 100 mumol/L betulinic acid for 24 h, the number of Jurkat cells was increased from (31.00+/-1.25)% to (58.84+/-0.32)% in G(0)/G(1) phase, whereas it was decreased from (61.45+/-1.04)% to (35.82+/-1.95)% in S phase. PBMCs were less sensitive to the cytotoxicity of betulinic acid than Jurkat cells. The expressions of cyclin D3, bcl-xl mRNA and protein were decreased sharply in Jurkat cells treated with betulinic acid. It is concluded that betulinic acid is able to inhibit the proliferation of Jurkat cells by regulating the cell cycle, arrest cells at G(0)/G(1) phase and induce the cell apoptosis. The anti-tumor effects of betulinic acid are related to the down-regulated expression of cyclin D3 and bcl-xl.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/*pharmacology ; Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Proliferation/*drug effects ; Cyclin D3/metabolism ; Down-Regulation/drug effects ; Jurkat Cells ; Triterpenes/*pharmacology ; bcl-X Protein/metabolism

Objective To explore the child pneumonia in infection circumstances of Coxsackie B virus(CVB), Cytomegalovirus(CMV),Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).Methods Indirect ELISA were used to detect the specific IgM antibody of CVB, CMV, EBV. Results The total positive rate,which suffer from the three kinds of viruses in 140 children wich pneumonias was 38.6%.The positive rates of the CVB- IgM, CMV- IgM, EBV- IgM were 24.3%,8.6%,6.5%.Conclusions CVB has the higher infection rate in the pneumonia, is one of the main causes in the infection of child pneumonia.CMV,EBV also has the certain infection rate, although the infection rate is not high, they can cause damage of many organs and systems .They should be watched out for and valued.

Objective To explore the clinical and pathological feature of pediatric chronic gastritis and whether gastritics in children related to hericobacter pylori(Hp).Methods Retrospective analysis the result of 401 children with gastroendosopy and 100 species with Hp detected were performed.Results Superficial gastritis form mild to moderate was the mainly pathologic change in pediatric chronic gastritis,chronic inflammation was the mainly change in pediatric Hp infection,and the detected rate of chronic superficial gastritis from mo-(derate) to heavy was significantly higher than mild(?~2=7.61 P

In the 18th century, the trade of medicinal materials in East Asia showed a trend of rapid development, and by the second half of the 18th century, it became the largest commodity category in East Asia's international trade. The growth of medicinal material trade during this period was not a simple trade issue, but was closely related to a series of changes in economic fields, such as the market network, trade balance and production. The changes in the international trade environment from the 17th to the 19th centuries greatly increased the demand for medicinal materials. It also affected the production of medicinal materials. The medicinal material industries in East Asian countries were characterised by specialisation and marketisation, and provided the market with abundant and high-quality medicinal materials. In turn, the development of the medicinal material industry promoted international trade, making medicinal materials the largest traded commodity in East Asia. In the 18th century, the development of medicinal material trade promoted the recalibration of international trade, and changed the commodity structure of East Asian trade. It is a result of the transformation of international trade and economic relations, and an important participant in the development of East Asian economy. Trade of medicinal materials in the 18th century expanded the market network and formed a positive interaction between trade and production, and reshaped the international trade structure of East Asia.